The four most talented women in ancient China: Cai Wenji, Li Qingzhao, Shangguan Wan'er, and Ban Zhao.
The four most talented women in Shu: Zhuo Wenjun, Xue Tao, Mrs. Huarui, and Huang E.
The four most talented women of the Republic of China: Lu Yin, Xiao Hong, Shi Pingmei, and Zhang Ailing.
Introduction to the four most talented women in ancient China:
Cai Wenji
Cai Wenji (177 AD? - 249 AD?), named Yan, courtesy name Wenji, Yizi Zhaoji, a native of Chenliuyu (now Qixian County, Henan Province), was the daughter of Cai Yong. She was erudite, talented, and well versed in music. It was said that she could quickly judge which string of the guqin was broken using her hearing. She was a famous female concubine in the Jian'an period. poet. His representative works include "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" and "Poems of Sorrow and Indignation". The Cai Wenji Memorial Hall was established in 1991 and is located in Caiwang Village, Sanli Town, Lantian County, southeast of Xi'an City. The museum introduces Cai Wenji's life and deeds in detail, and displays Cai Wenji's "Poem of Sorrow and Indignation" and the lyrics of the piano music "Eighteen Beats of Hujia", as well as Cai Wenji's records in history books, including "The Biography of Dong Si" in "Book of the Later Han", and The tomb of Cai Wenji and the stone carvings of "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" by Shu Dan, a famous modern calligrapher.
Li Qingzhao
Li Qingzhao (March 13, 1084 - May 12, 1155), named Yi Anju, was a Han nationality from Zhangqiu, Qizhou (now Zhangqiu, Shandong). She was a female poet in the Song Dynasty (at the turn of the two Song Dynasties), a representative of the Wanyue Ci School, and was known as "the most talented woman in the ages."
Li Qingzhao was born into a scholarly family and lived a wealthy life in her early years. Her father, Li Gefei, had a rich collection of books. She laid a literary foundation in a good family environment when she was a child. After getting married, he and his husband Zhao Mingcheng devoted themselves to collecting and organizing calligraphy, painting and inscriptions. When the Jin soldiers invaded the Central Plains, they lived in the south and were in a lonely situation. In the early stage of his poems, he wrote mostly about his leisurely life, while in the later stage, he mostly lamented his life experience and had a sentimental mood. In terms of form, he makes good use of line drawing techniques, creates his own channels, and uses clear and beautiful language. The argument emphasizes the law of association, advocates elegance, puts forward the idea of ????"not being a family" in lyrics, and opposes writing lyrics in the same way as poetry. He is capable of poetry, but not much remains. Some of his chapters are timely and historical, and his sentimental words are generous, which is different from his style of writing.
There are "Collected Works of Yi An" and "Yi An's Ci", which have been lost. Later generations have a compilation of "Shu Yu Ci". Now there is "Li Qingzhao's Collection and Annotations".
Shangguan Wan'er
Shangguan Wan'er (664 AD - July 21, 710 AD), also known as Shangguan Zhaorong, was a native of Shaanxian County, Shaanzhou Prefecture (now Sanmenxia, ??Henan Province) in the Tang Dynasty . A female official and poet in the Tang Dynasty, a concubine of Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty, and the granddaughter of Shangguan Yi, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty Gaozong. After Shangguan Yi was convicted and executed, Shangguan Wan'er was sent to the inner court as a slave with her mother. At the age of fourteen, Wu Zetian relied on her because of her intelligence and good literary skills. She was in charge of the palace for many years and was known as the "Women Prime Minister". She was extremely talented. . During the reign of Zhongzong, he was granted the title of Zhaorong and took charge of the imperial court. His power grew increasingly powerful and he controlled the affairs of the imperial court. During this period, he established a large number of bachelors in the Xiuwenguan, who commented on the world's poetry on behalf of the imperial court, and led the literary style of a generation. In 710, King Linzi (i.e. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty) raised troops to launch the Tang Long coup, and was killed at the same time as Queen Wei. In September 2013, archaeologists discovered Shangguan Wan'er's tomb near Xi'an Xianyang Airport.
Ban Zhao
Ban Zhao (about 45 years to about 117 years), also known as Ji, also named Huiban, was a native of Fufeng Anling (now northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi). A female historian and writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the daughter of the historian Ban Biao and the sister of Ban Gu, she married Cao Shishu from the same county at the age of fourteen, so she was also called "Cao Family" in later generations.
Ban Zhao was erudite and talented. His brother Ban Gu died before completing the "Book of Han". Ban Zhao was ordered to enter Zangshuge in Dongguan to continue writing the "Book of Han". Later, Emperor He of the Han Dynasty summoned Ban Zhao to the palace many times, and asked the queen and nobles to regard him as his teacher, nicknamed "Everyone". After Empress Dowager Deng came to the court, she participated in political affairs.
Seven of Ban Zhao's works have survived, including "Ode to the Eastern Expedition" and "Nv's Commandments", which had a great influence on later generations.
Brief introduction of the four most talented women in Shu:
Zhuo Wenjun
Zhuo Wenjun (175 BC - 121 BC), formerly known as Wen Hou, lived in Linqiong (now Linqiong) in the Western Han Dynasty A native of Qionglai, Sichuan, he was originally from the Zhuo family of the Tie family in Handan. A talented woman in the Han Dynasty, one of the four most talented women in ancient China and one of the four most talented women in Shu.
Zhuo Wenjun is the daughter of Zhuo Wangsun, a wealthy businessman in Linyi, Sichuan. She is beautiful, proficient in music, good at playing the piano, and has a literary name. The love story between Zhuo Wenjun and Sima Xiangru, a famous scholar in the Han Dynasty, is still talked about. She also has many excellent works, such as "The White Head Song", in which "I wish to have the person of my heart, and we will never be apart until we grow old together" is a classic line.
Xue Tao
Xue Tao (about 768~832) was a legendary female poet in the Tang Dynasty, also known as Hongdu. A native of Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). Xue Tao entered the music family at the age of 16 and had a relationship with Wei Gao and Yuan Zhen. During the relationship, Xue Tao made his own pink paper to write poems. Later generations copied it and called it "Xue Tao paper". After leaving the Le family, she never married. There is the tomb of Xue Tao in Wangjianglou Park in Chengdu. Xue Tao, together with Liu Caichun, Yu Xuanji, and Li Ye, are also known as the four great female poets of the Tang Dynasty. Zhuo Wenjun, Xue Tao, Mrs. Huarui, and Huang E are also known as the four most talented women in Sichuan. Their poems have been handed down to this day. There are more than 90 poems.
Mrs. Huarui
Mrs. Huarui, Fei Guifei of Meng Chang, the ruler of Later Shu, was a female poet of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. She was born in Qingcheng (southeast of today's Dujiangyan City). She is good at writing, especially in palace poetry. Fortunately, Meng Chang, the Lord of Shu, gave her the title of Mrs. Huarui.
The life scenes described in her palace poetry are mainly rich and colorful, but there are also some fresh and simple ones. For example, "When the cherries are ripe in March, my wife invites me to look at the red branches.
The poem "Go back and ask for the golden bullets, hide around the tree and shoot the sparrows" is very lively and full of life interest; his "Poetry on the Death of the Country" is also highly praised, which is really rare. A talented woman.
Huang E
Huang E, also known as Xiumei, was a female writer from Suining City, Sichuan Province. She was the wife of Yang Shen and her father was Huang Keguan. Zhi Shangshu, who was well versed in classics and history since childhood, was good at poetry and writing, and was good at writing letters. Shortly after his marriage to Yang Shen in the 14th year of Zhengde (1519), Shen was exiled to Yunnan for 30 years. He stayed in his husband's Xindu County for a long time. Manage housework. During the separation, he was famous for his poem "Sending to the Outside". In the Ming Dynasty, he published 5 volumes of "Mrs. Yang Sheng'an's Songs and Music" and "Mrs. Yang's Yuefu", but most of them were related to Yang. The collection of Shen's "Tao Qing Yuefu" was mixed up. Recently, the two works were compiled into "Yang Sheng'an and his wife's Sanqu". The style is lingering and tragic, and it is known as "the combination of Huang E and Yang Shen" in China. It is a famous story in the history of literature. Both of them had outstanding achievements in poetry and became a family of their own in the Ming Dynasty.
Brief introduction of the four talented women in the Republic of China:
Lu Yin
Lu Yin (May 4, 1898 - May 13, 1934) was originally named Huang Shuyi, also known as Huang Ying. He was a native of Nanyu Township, Minhou County, Fujian Province. His pen name was Lu Yin, which means to hide the true face of Lushan. A famous writer during the May Fourth Movement, she is as famous as Bing Xin and Lin Huiyin and is known as the "Three Talented Women of Fuzhou". In "Writing Women in Modern China" published by Columbia University in 2003, she is listed with Xiao Hong and Lin Huiyin. Su Xuelin and Shi Pingmei are listed as one of the 18 important modern Chinese female writers
Xiao Hong
Xiao Hong (1911-1942), formerly known as Zhang Naiying, is a modern Chinese female writer. One of the "Four Talented Women" of the Republic of China, known as the "Luo Shen of Literature in the 1930s". She was born in a feudal landlord family in Hulan District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province in 1911. She lost her mother when she was young.
Xiao Hong is one of the four most talented women in the Republic of China. The woman with the most tragic fate among talented women is also a legendary figure. Her life is a life of struggle and struggle in the face of fate. The appearance of Xiao Jun directly affected her destiny and triggered her to start literary creation.
In 1935, with the support of Lu Xun, he published his famous work "The Field of Life and Death". In 1936, he traveled east to Japan and wrote the prose "Lonely Life" and the long poem "Grains of Sand" in 1940. He arrived in Hong Kong with Duanmu Hongliang in 2001, and later published the novella "Mabele" and the famous novel "The Story of Hulan River". Xiao Hong died in Hong Kong on January 22, 1942 due to tuberculosis and malignant tracheectasis.
Shi Pingmei
Shi Pingmei (1902-1928), a modern Chinese female writer and revolutionary activist, one of the "Four Talented Women of the Republic of China". His original name was Rubi. He took the pen name Shi Pingmei because he admired the beauty and steadfastness of plum blossoms. He used pen names to comment on Ms. Mei, Bo Wei, Shu Xue, Bing Hua, Xin Zhu, Meng Dai, Lin Na, etc. Born in Pingding County, Shanxi Province in 1902, she was enthusiastic about literary creation when she studied at Beijing Women's Higher Normal School in 1919. In September 1923, she serialized a long travelogue "Blurred Afterimage" in the "Morning Post Supplement". In 1924, she edited it with her best friend Lu Jingqing. "Beijing News Supplement. Women's Weekly", in 1926, continued to co-edit "World Daily Supplement. Qiangzang Weekly" with Lu Jingqing. He died of illness on September 30, 1928.
Shi Pingmei created a large number of poems, essays, travel notes, and novels throughout her life. She was especially good at poetry and was known as "the famous female poet in Beijing". Most of the works have the theme of pursuing love, truth, and longing for freedom and light. The novel creation is represented by "Red Mane Horse" and "Horse Neighing in the Wind".
After her death, her works were edited into two collections, "Tao Yu" and "Occasional Grass", by Lu Yin, Lu Jingqing and other friends.
Zhang Ailing
Zhang Ailing, a modern Chinese writer, was originally from Tangshan City, Hebei Province, and her original name was Zhang Yong. Born on September 30, 1920 in a declining aristocratic mansion in the West District of the Shanghai Public Concession.
Her works mainly include novels, essays, film scripts and literary treatises, and her letters have also been studied as part of her works.
In 1944, Zhang Ailing met Hu Lancheng and dated him. In 1973, Eileen Chang settled in Los Angeles. On September 8, 1995, which coincided with the Mid-Autumn Festival, Eileen Chang's landlord found her dead in her apartment on Rochester Avenue in Westwood, California. She died of arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Aged 75, she had been dead for a week when she was found. On September 30, her former friends held a memorial service for her. After the memorial service, her ashes were scattered into the Pacific Ocean.