The first part is the preface.
Modern society requires citizens to have good humanities literacy, innovative spirit, cooperative consciousness and open horizons, basic abilities including reading comprehension, expression and communication, and the ability to collect and process information by using modern technology. Chinese education should and can play an important role in the process of cultivating and bringing up a new generation. In order to meet the needs of social progress and students' self-development, Chinese education must carry out systematic reforms in curriculum objectives and contents, teaching concepts and learning methods, and evaluation purposes and methods.
The Chinese curriculum reform of nine-year compulsory education should be guided by Marxism and educational science theory (changing word order), sum up the success or failure of Chinese education in China, learn from the experience of foreign mother tongue education reform, follow the laws of Chinese education, and strive to build a Chinese curriculum suitable for the development of modern society. Chinese course should play an active role in improving students' moral quality (ideological and moral quality) and scientific and cultural literacy, carrying forward and cultivating national spirit, and enhancing national creativity and cohesion.
First, the nature and status of the curriculum
Chinese is the most important communication tool and an important part of human culture. The unity of instrumentality and humanism is the basic feature of Chinese curriculum.
Chinese curriculum should be devoted to the formation and development of students' Chinese literacy. Chinese literacy is the basis for students to learn other courses well, and it is also the basis for students' all-round development and lifelong development. The multiple functions and basic functions of Chinese course determine its important position in the nine-year compulsory education stage.
Second, the basic concepts of the curriculum
(A) comprehensively improve students' language literacy
The Chinese course in the nine-year compulsory education stage must be geared to all students, so that students can acquire basic Chinese literacy.
Chinese class should stimulate and cultivate students' thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland's language, guide students to enrich their language accumulation, cultivate their sense of language, develop their thinking, initially master the basic methods of learning Chinese, develop good study habits, and enable students to have the ability to read and write, communicate orally according to actual needs, and correctly understand and use the motherland's language. At the same time, Chinese courses should also be influenced by excellent culture, improve students' ideological and moral cultivation and aesthetic taste, make them gradually form a good personality and a sound personality, and promote the harmonious development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty.
(B) correctly grasp the characteristics of Chinese education
The rich humanistic connotation of Chinese curriculum has a profound influence on students' spiritual field, and students' feelings and understanding of Chinese materials are often diverse. Therefore, we should not only pay attention to the influence of Chinese, the value orientation of teaching content, but also respect the unique experience of students in the learning process.
Chinese is a practical course, so we should focus on cultivating students' Chinese practical ability, and the main way to cultivate this ability should also be Chinese practice (it is not appropriate to deliberately pursue the systematicness and integrity of Chinese knowledge). Chinese is also a mother tongue education course, and learning resources and practical opportunities are everywhere. Therefore, students should be allowed to have more direct contact with Chinese materials and experience and master the laws of using Chinese in a large number of Chinese practices, rather than deliberately pursuing the systematization and integrity of Chinese knowledge.
In Chinese class, we should also consider the influence of Chinese characteristics on literacy, writing, reading, oral communication and students' thinking development, and pay special attention to cultivating a good sense of language and overall grasp ability in teaching.
(3) Actively advocate independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods.
Students are the main body of learning and development. Chinese curriculum must be based on the characteristics of students' physical and mental development and Chinese learning, pay attention to students' individual differences and different learning needs, cherish students' curiosity and thirst for knowledge, fully stimulate students' initiative and enterprising spirit, and advocate independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods. The determination of teaching content, the choice of teaching methods and the design of evaluation methods will all contribute to the formation of this learning method.
Comprehensive Chinese learning is conducive to students' comprehensive improvement of Chinese literacy in their own independent activities of interest. It is an important way to cultivate students' initiative to explore, unite and cooperate, and be brave in innovation, and should be actively advocated.
(4) Strive to build an open and dynamic Chinese curriculum.
Chinese curriculum should inherit the excellent tradition of Chinese education and face modernization, the world and the future. Broaden the field of Chinese learning and application, pay attention to interdisciplinary learning and the application of modern scientific and technological means. Through the intersection, infiltration and integration of different contents and methods, students can broaden their horizons, improve their learning efficiency, and initially acquire the Chinese literacy needed by modern society.
Chinese course should be open and innovative. We should pay close attention to the development of students and the changes of social real life, meet the needs of different regions, different schools and different students as much as possible, establish curriculum objectives that meet the needs of the times, develop curriculum resources suitable for them, form a relatively stable and flexible implementation mechanism, and constantly adjust and update development.
Third, the design ideas of curriculum standards
1. The overall design of the nine-year consistent curriculum objectives. Under the "overall goal", the curriculum standard puts forward the "stage goal" according to the four learning stages of 1 ~ 2, 3 ~ 4, 5 ~ 6 and 7 ~ 9, which embodies the integrity and stage of Chinese curriculum.
2. The curriculum objectives are designed according to three dimensions: knowledge and ability, process and method, emotional attitude and values. The three aspects are mutually infiltrated and integrated, and pay attention to the overall improvement of Chinese literacy. The learning sections are interrelated and spiral upward, and finally the overall goal is fully realized.
3. The stage goal puts forward requirements from four aspects: reading and writing, reading, writing (writing in the first stage, exercises in the second and third stages) and oral communication. The curriculum standard also puts forward the requirement of "all-round learning" in order to strengthen the connection between Chinese courses in many aspects, other courses and life, and promote the comprehensive and coordinated development of students' Chinese literacy.
4. In the "implementation suggestion" part of the curriculum standard, the principles, methods and strategies of textbook implementation, curriculum resources development and utilization, teaching and evaluation are put forward, which also leaves room for creation for concrete implementation.
The second part of the curriculum objectives
First, the overall goal
1. In the process of Chinese learning, cultivate patriotic feelings, socialist ideology and morality and healthy aesthetic taste, develop personality, cultivate cooperative spirit, and gradually form a positive attitude towards life and correct values.
2. Understand the richness of China culture and absorb the wisdom of national culture. Care about contemporary cultural life, respect multiculturalism, absorb the nutrition of excellent human culture and improve cultural taste.
3. Cultivate the emotion of loving the language and writing of the motherland, enhance the self-confidence in Chinese learning, develop good Chinese learning habits, and initially master the basic methods of learning Chinese.
4. While developing language ability, develop thinking ability, stimulate imagination and creative potential. Learn scientific thinking methods and gradually develop a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts and advocating true knowledge.
5. Be able to actively carry out inquiry learning and learn and use Chinese in practice.
6. Learn Chinese Pinyin. Can speak Mandarin. Know about 3500 commonly used Chinese characters. Can write Chinese characters correctly and neatly, and has a certain speed.
7. Have the ability to read independently and learn to use a variety of reading methods. Have rich accumulation and good sense of language, pay attention to emotional experience, develop feelings and understanding. I can read daily books, newspapers and magazines, appreciate literary works initially and enrich my spiritual world. Can read simple classical Chinese with the help of reference books. The total amount of extracurricular reading in nine years should be more than 4 million words.
8. Be able to express your meaning in a specific and clear way. Be able to write in common expressions according to the needs of daily life.
9. Have the basic ability of daily oral communication, learn to listen, express and communicate, and initially learn to conduct interpersonal and social communication in a civilized way.
10. Learn to use commonly used Chinese reference books. Initially have the ability to collect and process information.
Second, the stage goal
The first phase (grade 1 ~ 2)
Literacy and writing
1. Like learning Chinese characters, and have the desire to read actively.
2. Understand 1600 (- 1800) commonly used Chinese characters, of which about 800 (- 1000) can write.
3. Master the basic strokes and common radicals of Chinese characters, be able to write with hard pen according to the rules of stroke order, and pay attention to the bookshelf structure. Feel the beauty of Chinese characters.
4. The writing posture should be correct, the words should be standardized, correct and neat, and efforts should be made to develop good writing habits.
5. Learn Chinese Pinyin. Can read initials, finals, tones and syllables as a whole. Can spell syllables accurately and write initials, finals and syllables correctly. Know capital letters and memorize Chinese phonetic letters.
6. Learn to read independently. Can read Chinese characters with the help of Chinese Pinyin, and look them up in the dictionary through word order retrieval. (radical)
2. Reading
1. Enjoy reading, enjoy reading. Initially form the habit of caring for books.
2. Learn to read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin. Learn to read silently.
3. Understand the meaning of words and phrases in the text in combination with the context and real life, and accumulate words and phrases in reading. Read with pictures in the book.
4. Read simple fairy tales, fables and stories, yearn for beautiful situations, care about nature and life, have their own feelings and ideas about people and things of interest, and be willing to communicate with others.
5. Read children's songs, nursery rhymes and simple ancient poems, expand your imagination, get the initial emotional experience and feel the beauty of language.
6. Know the common punctuation marks in the text. In reading, experience the different tones expressed by periods, question marks and exclamation marks.
7. Accumulate your favorite idioms and proverbs. Recite 50 excellent poems (paragraphs). The total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 50 thousand words. (original 10, now 7, more compact)
(3) Write words
1. Interested in writing, write what you want to say. Write about imaginary things and write about your understanding and feelings about things around you.
2. Willing to use words learned from reading and life in writing.
3. Learn to use commas, periods, question marks and exclamation points.
Oral communication
1. Learn to speak Mandarin and gradually develop the habit of speaking Mandarin.
2. Be able to listen to others carefully and try to understand the main content of the speech.
3. Listen to stories and watch audio-visual works, and be able to repeat the main idea and the plot you are interested in. (changed to "wonderful plot")
4. Be able to tell short stories completely and simply tell what you are interested in.
When talking with people, you are naturally generous and polite.
6. Confidence in expression. Actively participate in discussions and dare to express their opinions. (original: express your views on topics of interest)
Comprehensive learning
1. I am curious about things around me, and I can ask questions about what I am interested in, and discuss with you in combination with reading in and out of class.
2. Combine Chinese learning, observe nature, and express your observations orally or graphically.
3. Enthusiastic participation in campus and community activities. Combine activities, express your knowledge and ideas orally or graphically.
The second stage (grade 3-4)
Literacy and writing
1. Have a strong interest in learning Chinese characters and develop the habit of active literacy.
2. Accumulate about 2500 commonly used Chinese characters, of which about 1800 (200 fewer than the original) can write.
3. Have a preliminary independent literacy ability. You can use word order search and radical search to look up dictionaries and dictionaries. (original: can use dictionaries and dictionaries, and have initial independent literacy ability)
4. Be able to skillfully use hard pen to write block letters, so as to be standardized, correct and tidy. Copy block letters with a brush.
(Where conditions permit, you can learn to input Chinese characters by keyboard) (originally 5, now 4)
2. Reading
1. Read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.
2. Learn to read silently at first, without making any noise, without involving reading (originally required in the first phase). Learn to skim and get a general understanding of the article.
3. Be able to connect with the context, understand the meaning of words, and appreciate the role of key words in expressing feelings in the text. Be able to understand the meaning of new words with the help of dictionaries, dictionaries and life accumulation.
4. Be able to grasp the main content of the article and understand the thoughts and feelings expressed in the article. You can ask questions about places you don't understand in the text.
5. Be able to retell the theme of narrative works, feel the vivid images and beautiful language in the works, care about the fate and joys and sorrows of the characters in the works, and communicate their reading feelings with others.
6. Read excellent poems, pay attention to experience emotions in reading, expand imagination and comprehend content.
7. In the process of understanding sentences, understand the different usages of periods and commas, and understand the general usages of colons and quotation marks.
8. Accumulate beautiful words and wonderful sentences in the text, as well as language materials obtained in extracurricular reading and life. Recite 50 excellent poems (paragraphs).
9. Develop the habit of reading books and newspapers, and collect and exchange books and materials with classmates. The total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 400,000 words.
(formerly 10, now 9)
(3) homework
1. Pay attention to the things around you, and be willing to express them in words to enhance your self-confidence in exercise. I am willing to read my homework to others and share the happiness of my homework with others. (former article 3)
2. Be able to write down what you see, feel and think informally, and pay attention to writing clearly what you find novel and interesting or the most impressive and moving. (original: pay attention to what you find novel and interesting or what impresses you the most. )
3. Can communicate in writing with short letters and notes.
4. Try to use your accumulated language materials in practice, especially fresh words.
5. Learn to correct words and phrases with obvious mistakes in practice. Use punctuation marks such as colons and quotation marks correctly according to the needs of expression.
6. Practice in class about 16 times per academic year. (Original 8, now 6)
Oral communication
1. Can talk in Mandarin. Can listen carefully in conversation, and form the habit of soliciting opinions and discussing with others.
2. The listener can grasp the main content and make a brief report.
3. Be able to tell stories clearly and tell your feelings and thoughts. Tell stories concretely and vividly. (Delete: Try to impress people with words) (original 4, now 3)
Comprehensive learning
1. Be able to ask questions in study and life and collect information purposefully. * * * to discuss with you.
2. Combine Chinese learning, observe nature and society, and express your observations in words and orally.
3. Be able to organize interesting Chinese activities under the guidance of teachers, learn Chinese in the activities and learn to cooperate.
4. Try to solve simple problems in family life and school life with Chinese knowledge and ability.
5. Where conditions permit, you can learn to input Chinese characters by keyboard. (The original goal of literacy and writing has been adjusted) (originally 4, now 5)
The third stage (grade 5-6)
Literacy and writing
1. Strong independent literacy. I have accumulated about 3000 commonly used Chinese characters, of which about 2500 can write.
2. Hard pen writing regular script, neat lines, a certain speed.
3. You can write regular script with a brush and experience the beauty of Chinese characters in writing.
2. Reading
1. Can read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.
2. Silent reading has a certain speed, and the silent reading of general books is not less than 300 words per minute. Learn to browse, expand your knowledge and collect information as needed. (Adjustment, former article 8)
3. Be able to understand the meaning of words with the help of a dictionary. Can relate the context with their own accumulation, infer the meaning of the text, distinguish the emotional color of the text, and experience its expression effect. (adjustment)
4. Try to figure out the expression order of the article in reading, understand the author's thoughts and feelings, and initially understand the basic expression methods of the article. In communication and discussion, I dare to put forward my own opinions and make my own judgments.
5. Read the narrative works, understand the outline of the event, briefly describe the scenes, characters and details that move you the most, and tell your feelings such as likes, dislikes, reverence, yearning and sympathy. Read poetry, grasp poetry as a whole, imagine the situation described by poetry, and experience the poet's feelings. Influenced and inspired by excellent works, I yearn for and pursue beautiful ideals. Reading explanatory articles can grasp the main points and understand the basic interpretation methods of the text.
6. In the process of understanding the text, understand the different usages of pause and comma, semicolon and period.
7. Read excellent poems and pay attention to appreciate the content and emotion of the works through the tone and rhythm of the poems. Recite 60 excellent poems (paragraphs).
8. Expand the reading surface. The total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 654.38+0 million words. (Delete former article 6: When reading explanatory articles, you can grasp the main points and understand the basic interpretation methods of the articles) (former article 1 1, now article 8)
(3) homework
1. Writing is for self-expression and communication.
2. Develop the habit of observing things around you, consciously enrich your knowledge, cherish your unique feelings and accumulate practice materials.
3. Can write simple factual composition and imaginary composition, with specific content and true feelings. It can be expressed in segments according to the needs of content expression. Learn to write commonly used practical articles. (Delete: Learn to write reading notes)
4. Revise the exercises by yourself, and actively communicate with others to make changes, so that the sentences are fluent, the lines are correct, and the writing is standardized and neat. According to the needs of expression, use common punctuation correctly.
5. The movement should have a certain speed. Practice in class about 16 times per academic year. (Adjustment: You can finish homework of not less than 400 words without mentioning 40 minutes) (7, now 5)
Oral communication
1. You can respect and understand each other when communicating with others.
2. Willing to participate in the discussion and dare to express their opinions.
3. Listen to people carefully and patiently, grasp the main points and report briefly.
4. The expression should be organized and the tone should be appropriate.
5. Be able to make a little preparation and make a simple speech according to the object and occasion.
6. Pay attention to the beauty of language and resist uncivilized language.
Comprehensive learning
1. In order to solve the problems related to study and life, we try to write a simple research report by using information channels such as libraries and networks to obtain information.
2. Plan simple campus activities and social activities, discuss and analyze the planned topics, and learn to write activity plans and activity summaries.
3. Organize discussions and lectures on the issues around you that everyone is concerned about, or the stories and images in TV movies, and learn to distinguish right from wrong, good from evil.
4. Understand the basic methods of searching and using information.
The fourth stage (grades 7-9)
Literacy and writing
1. Can skillfully use dictionaries and read independently, and can use a variety of word retrieval methods. I have accumulated 3500 commonly used Chinese characters, of which about 3000 can write.
2. On the basis of skilled use of hard pen to write block letters, learn to write standard and popular block letters to improve writing speed.
3. Copy famous calligraphy and experience the aesthetic value of calligraphy.
2. Reading
1. Can read correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.
2. Get into the habit of reading silently, and read at least 500 words of ordinary modern literature every minute at a certain speed.
3. Skillfully use skimming browsing method to expand reading range and broaden horizons.
4. On the basis of reading through the text, clear your mind, understand the main content, appreciate and scrutinize the meaning and function of important words in the language environment.
5. Have your own experience in the content and expression of the text, be able to put forward your own opinions and problems, and discuss difficult problems in a cooperative way.
6. Understand the narrative, description, explanation, discussion, lyricism and other expressions in reading.
7. Be able to distinguish between real works and fictional works and understand literary styles such as poetry, prose, novels and dramas.
8. Appreciating literary works, you can have your own emotional experience, initially understand the connotation of the works, and gain beneficial enlightenment to nature, society and life. The ideological and emotional tendency of the works can be evaluated in connection with the cultural background; Be able to tell his own experience of touching situations and images in his works; Taste the expressive language in the works.
9. Read scientific and technological works and pay attention to understanding the scientific spirit and scientific thinking method embodied in the works.
10. Read simple argumentative essays and distinguish between opinions and materials (truth, facts, data, charts, etc.). ), find the connection between ideas and materials, and make judgments through your own thinking.
1 1. Read ancient poems, and consciously improve your appreciation taste and aesthetic taste through accumulation, perception and application.
12. Simple classical Chinese, able to understand the basic content with the help of notes and reference books. Recite 80 excellent poems.
13. Understand basic grammar knowledge to help understand language difficulties; Understand the commonly used rhetorical methods and realize their expressive effect in the text. Understand the works knowledge and cultural common sense of the important writers involved in this article.
14. Be able to use the library and network to collect the information and materials you need.
15. Learn to make your own reading plan, read a wide range of books, with a total reading of not less than 2.6 million words, and read two or three famous books every academic year.
(3) Writing
1. Consider different purposes and objects when writing.
2. Writing should be sincere and try to express your unique feelings and real experiences.
3. Observe life from multiple angles, discover the richness of life, capture the characteristics of things, and strive for creative expression.
4. According to the expression center, choose the appropriate expression. Arrange the order and details of the content reasonably and express your meaning clearly. Use association and imagination to enrich the content of expression.
5. Write a narrative to be specific; Write a simple explanation; Write a simple argumentative essay, and strive to be justified; Write daily practical articles according to the needs of life.
6. Be able to extract the main information from the article and abbreviate it; Be able to continue writing according to the internal connection of the article and your own reasonable imagination; You can change the style or expression of the article and rewrite it.
7. Have the consciousness of independent writing, and pay attention to collecting materials, conceiving, drafting an outline, modifying and processing in the writing process.
8. Develop the habit of revising your own composition. When revising, you can use the sense of language and common sense of grammar and rhetoric to make the text orderly. You can exchange your writing experience with others, evaluate and revise your composition with each other, so as to share your feelings and exchange opinions.
9. Be able to use common punctuation correctly.
10. Generally, the composition is not less than10.4 million words per academic year, and other writing exercises are not less than10.4 million words. You can finish no less than 500 words in 45 minutes.
Oral communication
1. Be able to pay attention to objects and occasions and learn to communicate in a civilized and decent way.
2. Listen patiently and intently, and understand each other's views and intentions according to their words, expressions and gestures.
3. Express your opinions confidently and responsibly, with clear thinking, clear organization and no digression.
4. Pay attention to expression and tone, and make your speech infectious and convincing.
5. In the process of communication, you can adjust your expression content and way according to your needs, and constantly improve your coping ability.
6. Tell stories with concrete content and vivid language. Repeat, complete and accurate, and highlight the main points.
7. Be able to make impromptu speeches and prepared keynote speeches on appropriate topics, have their own opinions and have certain persuasiveness.
8. Discuss problems inside and outside the classroom, actively express opinions, be centered, organized and well-founded. Be able to listen to the focus of discussion and express opinions in a targeted manner.
Comprehensive learning
1. Be able to organize literary activities independently and experience the joy of cooperation and success in the process of running journals, performances, discussions and other activities.
2. Be able to ask questions of interest in study and life, discuss with each other, choose research topics, make simple research plans, obtain relevant information from newspapers, books or other media, discuss and analyze problems, and write simple research reports independently or cooperatively.
3. Care about major events at home and abroad, collect information, investigate and visit, discuss hot issues of common concern with each other, and show learning results with words, charts, pictures and photos.
4. Master the basic methods of retrieving and quoting materials, and distinguish the main differences between original materials and indirect materials; Learn to indicate the source of quoted materials.
I. Suggestions on reciting recommended articles of excellent poems
Grade 7 ~ 9 (50 articles)
1. Confucius Quotations
Mencius, I want fish.
3. Born in sorrow, died in happiness of Mencius.
4. Cao Gui debated Zuo Zhuan.
5. Zou Ji satirized Wang Qi's Warring States policy.
6. Be a model.
7. Tao Qian in the Peach Blossom Garden
8. Three Gorges Li Daoyuan
9. Miscellaneous Notes (4) Han Yu
10. Simple room Liu Ming Yuxi
1 1. Xiaoshitang remembers Liu Zongyuan.
12. Yueyang Tower: Fan Zhongyan
13. Zuiweng Pavilion: Ouyang Xiu
14. Ailian said Zhou Dunyi.
15. Su Shi visited Chengtian Temple at night.
16. Send Dongyang Horse (excerpt) to Song Lian.
17. The Book of Songs by Guan Ju (Guan Ju Ge)
18. The Book of Songs
19. Looking at the Sea (Oriental Jieshi) Cao Cao
20. Drinking (building a house is under human conditions) Tao Qian
2 1. Say goodbye to the viceroy and go to Shu for his post.
22. Wang Wan, the next berth of Beibao Mountain (winding under the castle peak)
23. Get to the frontier (Bike wants to ask) Wang Wei
24. I heard that Wang Changling moved to Lailongbiao kiln to send this letter (Huayang left the rules) to Li Bai.
25. It's hard to go (pure wine, for a golden cup, a hip flask with 10 thousand coppers) Li Bai.
26. Wang Yue (the grandeur of Mount Tai! ) Du Fu
27. Wang Chun (the mountains and rivers last forever) Du Fu
28. The hut was broken by the autumn wind (the autumn wind roared in August) Du Fu
29. A song of white snow sent Tian Shuji Wu home (the north wind rolled white grass)
30. In the early spring, he became the Shangshu of the Ministry of Water Affairs, Zhang Shibao (the rain in the street is crisp) Han Yu.
3 1. Enjoy Lotte and present Liu Yuxi's first meeting in Yangzhou (the desolate place of Bashan and Chushui)
32. Look at cutting wheat (Tian Jiayu) Bai Juyi
33. Qiantang Lake Spring Tour (Gu Shan Temple North Jiating West) Bai Juyi
34. Yanmen Taishouhang (dark clouds crush the city) Li He
35. Chibi (broken halberd and heavy sand iron are not for sale) Du Mu
36. Bo Qinhuai (smoke cage cold water moon cage sand) Du Mu
37. A note to a friend in the north on a rainy night (your return date is undetermined) Li Shangyin
38. Untitled (I have known her for a long time, but it has been longer since we broke up) Li Shangyin.
39. Ying Huan (going to the West Wing alone) Li Yu
40. The pride of the fisherman (the scenery in Qiu Lai is different) Fan Zhongyan
4 1. Huanxisha (a new song and a glass of wine) Yan Shu
42. Deng Feilai Peak (Chihiro Tower on Feilai Peak) Wang Anshi
43. Jiang (the old man talks about juvenile madness) Su Shi
44. Shuidiao Song (When is the bright moon) Su Shi
45. Visit Shanxi Village (don't laugh at the farmer's wine and wine).
46. Broken array (drunk while watching the sword) Xin Qiji
47. Cross the ocean (once the hard work comes) Wen Tianxiang
48. The sky is clear. Qiu Si (dead vine old tree faint crow) Ma Zhiyuan
49. Alpine sheep. Tongguan nostalgia (such as mountain peak) Zhang
50. Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems (Worrying and Forgetting) Gong Zizhen
Second, suggestions on extracurricular reading materials
The curriculum standard requires students to read more than 4 million words after nine years of class, and the reading materials include all kinds of books and newspapers suitable for students to read. Put forward the following suggestions:
Fairy tales: Andersen's fairy tales, Grimm's fairy tales, Chinese and foreign modern and contemporary fairy tales, etc.
Fables: Aesop's fables, krylov's fables, China's fables in ancient and modern times, etc.
Stories: idiom stories, fairy tales, Chinese and foreign historical stories, Chinese and foreign folk stories, etc.
Poetry and prose works, such as Lu Xun's Flowers in the Morning and Stars in Spring;
Long literary masterpieces, such as Wu Cheng'en's The Journey to the West, Shi Naian's The Water Margin, Lao She's Camel Xiangzi, Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, Swift's Gulliver's Travels, Roman Roland's Who's Who, Gorky's Childhood, ostrovsky's How Steel was Tempered, etc.
For contemporary literary works, it is suggested that teachers choose and recommend them from the works that won Mao Dun Literature Award and all kinds of outstanding Chinese and foreign works published in recent years;
Popular science fiction books and political, historical and cultural books can be recommended by Chinese teachers and teachers of related disciplines through consultation.
Third, the main points of grammar and rhetoric knowledge
First, the classification of words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, quantifiers, pronouns, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words, modal particles and interjections.
Second, the phrase structure: juxtaposition, deviation, subject-predicate, verb-object and complement.
Third, the composition of a single sentence: subject, predicate, object, attribute, adverbial and complement.
Types of complex sentences (limited to complex sentences): coordinate complex sentences, progressive complex sentences, selective complex sentences, turning complex sentences, causal complex sentences, hypothetical complex sentences and conditional complex sentences.
Common figures of speech: metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, duality,