Yuan Mei (17 16 ~ 1797)
China was a poet and poetic critic in Qing Dynasty. The word is talented, and the number is built. Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) people. Jishi Shu, a scholar in Qianlong four years (1739), was awarded to the academician courtyard. For seven years, he served as the magistrate in Lishui, Jiangpu, Shuyang and Jiangning. In the thirteenth year of Qianlong's resignation, he settled in Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province), and built Sui Abandoned Garden in the mountain, renamed Suiyuan, which was called Suiyuan in history. Never be an official again. Engaged in poetry and prose writing, making friends with scholars from all over the world. In his later years, he became a Cangshan layman.
Yuan Mei, Zhao Yi and Jiang Shiquan are also called "the three outstanding figures in the Qianlong period". He has been active in the field of poetry for more than 40 years, with more than 4,000 poems, which basically embodies his theory of soul, unique style and certain achievements. The main feature of the ideological content of the Yuan Dynasty is to express the spirit, express the true feelings, interests and sentiments in personal life, which are often unconstrained and sometimes abrupt. In art, he does not imitate the past, sticks to one pattern, expresses his thoughts and feelings with skillful skills and fluent language, and captures the artistic image. Pursue the artistic style of truth, nature, freshness and agility. Among them, there are two kinds of outstanding representative works: one is live lyric travel poems, and the other is poems mourning the past and satirizing the present. Yuan's articles and essays, such as "My Sisters' Respect" and "Notes on the Flying Pavilion of Xiajiang Temple", as well as parallel prose, such as "A Book with Jiang Yisheng" and "Rebuilding the Temple Monument" are well known.
Yuan Mei was also one of the main poetic theorists in Ganjia period. They hold the theory of "spirit of nature" after the Gong 'an School and Jingling School in Ming Dynasty. Sui Yuan Shi Hua, Supplementary Poems and Continued Poems are his main poems. In addition to expounding the theory of spiritual nature, Poem with Fate also has many comments on the literary works, genre evolution and poetry circles of poets' novels in the Qing Dynasty. "Continued Poetry" imitates Si Kongtu's Twenty-four Poems. It has thirty-six steps, and it summarizes the specific experience of poetry creation process, method, cultivation and skill with four-character rhythm poems, which is called "painstaking creation". Compared with the public security school, Yuan Mei's theory of spiritual nature is more anti-Taoist and anti-traditional, pointing out that poetry is not a means of preaching, but to express spiritual nature. He combines "Qi" with "knowledge", takes temperament, intelligence and knowledge as the basis of creation, and takes truth, novelty and liveliness as the pursuit of creation. He generally does not object to the emphasis on melody, decorative sounds and elegant allusions in poetry forms, but only requires subordination to the expression of spirit. Yuan Mei's theory of spiritual nature is a step forward and comprehensive compared with the public security school, and is considered as the main representative of the theory of spiritual nature in Ming and Qing Dynasties.