Liaoning Provincial Museum is one of the famous museums of history and art in China. Located at No.26 Shiwei Road, Heping District, downtown Shenyang. The building was once the official residence of Tang Yulin, a warlord of Jehol in Feng Dynasty. After the "9 18" incident, the puppet Manchukuo government set up the "Fengtian Branch of the National Museum" here. 1948165438+1October 2, Shenyang was liberated. With the approval of the Northeast People's Government, the Northeast Museum was established and opened on July 7th. 1949. It was renamed Liaoning Provincial Museum from 1959.
Liao Bo's collection of cultural relics is world-famous, among which paintings and calligraphy, especially those of Jin, Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties, silk embroidery in past dynasties, and archaeological discoveries in Northeast China, especially Liao porcelain, ancient coins, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronzes and inscriptions in past dynasties, are even more famous. The collection of fine calligraphy products includes: simple and elegant poems handed down from ancient times in the Jin Dynasty, vigorous and graceful Tang Tie and his early work "Thousand Characters". Euclid's original work is the star of Liao Ruochen, and has been a model for calligraphers for many years. In addition, there are Wang Xizhi's A Book of Han Dynasty, which has become an isolated book handed down from generation to generation, four poems by Zhang Xu, the founder of Mad Grass School in Tang Dynasty, and authentic works handed down by the emperors of Evonne, and in Song Dynasty. Among them, Qian Zi Wen written by Huizong Zhao Ji and Shu Cao Luo Chi Shen Fu Juan written by Gaozong Zhao Gou are two works that are highly respected by emperors and have great charm. When the great poet Lu You was 80 years old, his self-written poems were perfect, and his brushwork was vigorous and heroic, which was called double walls of poetry and books.
Excellent paintings include Zhou Fang's "The Picture of Zanhua Ladies" in the Kaiyuan period of the middle Tang Dynasty, in which the ladies are "curvy, plump and colorful", from which people can not only appreciate their superb artistic level, but also deeply appreciate the life interest of the upper class aristocrats in the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty. Jiang Yuan, a famous litterateur in the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, wrote Waiting at the Xiajing Mountain Pass, and said, "The mountains are rolling in the shade, the officials are waiting for the crossing, and the artistic conception is far away." It shows the great situation of Chinese painting, which can be called an epoch-making masterpiece, imitated by Song Hui Song; You Chuntu, the wife of the State of Guo by Zhang Xuan, through the description of the ladies of the State of Guo, reveals the arrogance and extravagance of Yang Guifei's family, with exquisite ideas and delicate brushwork in the picture, leaving a rare treasure for future generations.
As for the collection of paintings and calligraphy in Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, there are different styles and schools. Some of these art treasures belong to Eisingiro? Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was taken from Beijing to Changchun. When the Manchukuo collapsed, he was separated in Changchun and then returned to Liao Bo for collection.
Silk engraving, also known as reeling, is an artistic weaving with the same pattern on both sides. Liao Bo's Zi Luan Que Pu in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Kerou Zhu's famous silks, Peony Map and Camellia Map in the Southern Song Dynasty, are exquisite and can be called the wonders of the world.
The collections in the museum are particularly rich in local characteristics, and most of them come from tombs. Liao porcelain originated from the original porcelain-making technology and maintained the unique style of the nation. Its shape conforms to the customs of the Khitan nationality, and it is suitable for hunting and grazing. There are cockscomb pots, cockscomb bottles, long-necked bottles, three-color begonia-style plates and dishes. It can be described as colorful. As for the volume of Three Generations of Emperors and posthumous title unearthed from the Mausoleum of Liao Dynasty, there are two kinds of volumes, Chinese and Qidan, which are finely carved and well preserved, and are a drop in the ocean.
The collection of bronzes is also quite rich, both archaeological excavations and masterpieces handed down from generation to generation. Among the bronzes unearthed in Liaoning, most of the ritual vessels are the same as those in the Central Plains, but they have local characteristics and have important historical and artistic values.
In the collection of ancient maps, there are eight maps, Li Yingben's engraving "Two Instruments Xuan Lan Tu" drawn by Matteo Ricci in the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, which reflect the scientific achievements of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries and make the Ming and Qing Dynasties further understand the world.
Liao Bo attaches great importance to exhibitions. The thematic exhibition of historical relics in Liaoning is in the form of a combination of general history of China, local history, important archaeological materials and key cultural relics in Liaoning, aiming at highlighting the local characteristics of Liaoning. Together with Jinniushan people in Yingkou in Paleolithic Age, "Hongshan Culture" in Neolithic Age, and Han cultural relics including Xiongnu, Xianbei, Korea, Khitan, Nvzhen and other ethnic groups, it forms an ancient cultural display system with distinctive local characteristics and rich colors, which has been appreciated and praised by experts, scholars and the general audience.
Liaoning Provincial Museum has a good foundation and broad development prospects. In order to further meet the needs of museum development, the construction of the new Liaoning Provincial Museum was included in the Ninth Five-Year Plan key construction project determined by the Liaoning Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government, and ground was broken in the city government square on 1998. As a century-old image project, the completion of the new Liao Bo Museum will be of great significance for promoting the development of Liaoning's culture and cultural undertakings, expanding foreign cultural exchanges, and enriching and prospering the cultural life of the people in the province.
Liaoning Provincial Museum is located at No.26 Shiwei Road, Heping District, Shenyang. The former site of the museum was originally the residence of Tang Yulin's son, and was later cut down by Fengjun. 193 1 After Japanese imperialism occupied northeast China in, it was turned into a pseudo-"national museum". 1939 changed to "Fengtian Branch of National Central Museum". After Japan surrendered, 1946 was renamed as "National Shenyang Museum". 1948 after the liberation of Shenyang, the museum was renovated and officially opened on July 7, 1949. 1959 was renamed as "Liaoning Provincial Museum". 1992 Add a new museum. The main building of the new building is a three-story building, with "China History Exhibition" as the basic content, and various exhibitions are often held. The museum is rich in cultural relics, including paintings, silk embroidery, bronzes, ceramics, archaeological materials, ancient maps, coins, epitaphs, etc. 18 categories.
Among them, there are many treasures, such as Four Notes of Cursive Script (Tang Dynasty) and Cursive Script with Thousand Characters (Song Huizong). There are also some rare treasures, such as Tang Zhou's Picture of a Lady Wearing Flowers, Dong Yuan's Picture of Xia Jing Shan Kou Waiting for Crossing in the Five Dynasties and Song Licheng's Picture of Yuan Lin in Tibet. In terms of silk embroidery, there are the Diamond Sutra woven by Liang in the Five Dynasties for two years, the Picture woven in the Yuan Dynasty, the Purple Lotus Bird Spectrum woven in the Song Dynasty, the Camellia Picture woven by Mi Rou, the Song Bird Picture in the Ming Dynasty, embroidery (Song embroidery) and so on. The historical exhibition of China in the museum is mainly composed of archaeological excavations and handed down handicrafts. Through these cultural relics and auxiliary materials, people can not only understand the historical overview of China, but also see the characteristics of local history in Liaoning. Among the cultural relics unearthed in Liaoning, there are stone tools from Paleolithic and Neolithic Age, bronzes from Shang and Zhou Dynasties, bronze daggers from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, as well as production tools and daily necessities unearthed from the tombs of Han, Xiongnu, Xianbei and Qidan nationalities, which are important materials for studying the local history of Liaoning.
Part II: Model essay on tour guide words of Liaoning Provincial Museum.
Established in 1949, Liaoning Provincial Museum is the first museum in New China, and now it is located in the east of the city square. The original building is located at No.26 Shiwei Road, Heping District, Shenyang. This used to be the official residence of Tang Yulin, a warlord named Feng. After the "9 18" incident, the puppet Manchukuo government set up the "Fengtian Branch of the National Museum" here. 1948165438+1October 2, Shenyang was liberated. With the approval of the Northeast People's Government, the Northeast Museum was established and opened on July 7th. 1949. It was renamed Liaoning Provincial Museum from 1959. On June/KOOC-0/65438+/KOOC-0/October/KOOC-0/2, 2004, the new Liaoning Provincial Museum opened.
Liaoning Provincial Museum has accumulated a lot of experience since it was established more than 60 years ago, as the pioneer who initiated the narrator system and took the lead in copying the lost paintings and calligraphy in Qing Dynasty.
The total collection of Liaoning Provincial Museum is115,000 pieces, with archaeological excavations and historical and artistic relics handed down from ancient times in Liaoning as the main body. The collection is divided into archaeology, calligraphy and painting, sculpture, ceramics, silk embroidery, costumes, bronzes, currency, lacquerware, cloisonne, furniture, paleontology, national cultural relics, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, inscriptions and so on. Among them, exquisite paintings and calligraphy in Jin, Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties, silk embroidery in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, jade articles in Hongshan Culture, bronzes hoarded in Shang and Zhou dynasties, ceramics in Liao dynasty, inscriptions of the previous generation, prints in Ming and Qing dynasties, ancient maps, and currency recorded in Gu Quan Hui by Li Zuoxian in Qing dynasty are the most distinctive and influential. The treasures of Liao Bo's town halls include the animal face of Shang Dynasty, the duck-shaped image of Western Zhou Dynasty, You Chuntu by Natalie, the wife of the State of Guo in Tang Dynasty, and many calligraphy and painting treasures that the last emperor Puyi brought out of the Forbidden City and scattered to the northeast, such as Zhou Fang's Picture of Flowers and Ladies in Tang Dynasty, Evonne's Thousand-character cursive script in Northern Song Dynasty, and Running Script in Qing Dynasty. It's just that these treasures are all important treasures, and some of them can only be seen occasionally. [ 1]
In the great historical process of revitalizing the old industrial base in Northeast China, with the great concern of National Cultural Heritage Administration, the provincial party committee and the provincial government and the earnest expectation of all walks of life, the new cross-century Liaoning Provincial Museum was grandly opened on June165438+1October 12, 2004. The new museum is located in the center of Shenyang? Southeast corner of the municipal government square (No.363, Shifu Road, Shenhe District). On the occasion of the opening of the museum, seven special exhibitions, such as "Painting and Calligraphy Exhibition of National Treasures Lost from the Qing Palace", were launched, and the audience's enthusiasm for visiting was high, which fully demonstrated the rich cultural heritage of the Liaoning Provincial Museum.
The third part: the travel notes of Liaoning Provincial Museum.
During the winter vacation, my parents and I visited the Liaoning Provincial Museum. The museum is located in the center of Shenyang, adjacent to the Liaoning Grand Theatre on the east side of the city square. The museum is a white marble building, which is very magnificent. Seen from the air, it is the image of Hongshan Culture's representative artifact "Jade Pig Dragon" and one of Shenyang's landmark buildings.
To enter the museum, we must first conduct a security check. We put our iron products in a basket, then put them through the security gate, and then we can enter the hall.
The hall of Liaoning Museum is round and consists of six big pillars. The exhibition building is divided into three floors. The first floor is divided into two exhibition halls, one is the classic painting exhibition of modern century and the national treasure exhibition of lost paintings and calligraphy in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which entered the national treasure exhibition hall of lost paintings and calligraphy in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Fine paintings and calligraphy in Jin, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties are lifelike. There are pictures of hairpin flowers as women in the Tang Dynasty, cursive script of Zhang Xu in the Tang Dynasty, four stickers of ancient poems, and red pictures of arhat on Zhao pages in the Yuan Dynasty. Among them, Tang Bohu's Eight Immortals of Drinking in Ming Dynasty attracted me the most. The Eight Immortals in the picture refer to eight figures in the Tang Dynasty, namely He, Li Bai, Ruyang Wang, Gao, Cui. There are many characters in the whole volume, and * * * sets eight scenes. They painted eight vivid images of Brewmaster, and each scene was accompanied by poems and paintings. Eight Brewmaster's expressions are different, some swaying on horseback, some drunk to the ground, giving people a detached realm of being indifferent to the world and being on cloud nine. Really beautiful!
The second floor is divided into China ancient coins exhibition, bronze mirror exhibition, modern jade carving art exhibition and Ming and Qing jade exhibition hall. Visiting the exhibition of ancient coins, I learned that in Xia and Shang Dynasties, shellfish appeared as a medium of exchange in the bud of commodity economy, and it was also recognized as the earliest currency in China and even the world, and was called "cargo shell". At that time, the unit for calculating shellfish was "friend" and ten shellfish was a "friend". China's monetary system has a long history and far-reaching influence. Japanese, Ryukyu, Korea, Viet Nam and many countries and regions in Southeast Asia are deeply influenced by China coins, and have long been casting square-hole coins like China coins. After visiting the China Ancient Coin Exhibition, we came to the modern jade carving art exhibition. Jade is a unique work of art in China, and China people have a natural worship of jade. Walk into the exhibition hall. First of all, a jade pot with excellent jade material and exquisite carving. It caught my eye, and I not only remembered Wang Changling's "Parting with Xin Qiji at Furong Inn", "It was cold and rainy, and Wu came at night, so I clearly saw the loneliness of Minchushan for no reason. If relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other, a piece of ice heart is in the jade pot. " There is a national law in the showcase next to it. There were many people watching in the front window, and I was attracted. It turns out that this is a "loong" carved with jade. "loong" symbolizes the Chinese nation. There are many meaningful exhibits in the whole exhibition hall, such as five sons into the topic, promotion from generation to generation, ambition in a thousand miles and other modern fine works. Out of the jade carving art exhibition hall, I came to the jade exhibition hall in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Many exquisite jade articles and antique jade articles in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were exquisitely made and carved. The jade ear cup used by Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, also known as "feather", is an ancient drinking vessel. Jade Ear Cup in Qing Dynasty is an antique jade carved by imitating the shape of ancient lacquer ear cup. This white jade ear cup is pure and moist, with delicate body and thin tire, and the words "Qing Gan Long Antique" are written on the bottom, which is a fine work of the court during the Qianlong period. Exquisite jade articles include "two immortals of blue jade", "white jade bowl" and "topaz ruyi". . . . . . Wait a minute. It makes me unable to breathe. Due to lack of time, I haven't finished reading the Liaohe Culture Exhibition Hall on the third floor, so I can only do it next time.
This trip to Liaobo opened my eyes, and I learned a lot of knowledge that I could not learn at ordinary times. Really benefited a lot!