What did modern Chinese characters originally evolve from? a

I. Oracle Bone Inscriptions (blackboard writing) 1. The evolution of Chinese characters (blackboard writing) The form of Chinese characters, namely the font, refers to the writing posture of Chinese characters. Although Chinese characters have never jumped out of the circle of ideographic characters since they came into being, their forms have been developing and evolving according to the law from complexity to simplicity. There are eight kinds of fonts: Oracle Bone Inscriptions-bronze inscription-Dazhuan-Xiaozhuan-Lishu-cursive script-running script. Shuo Wen Jie Zi said: "Cang Xie, a historian of the Yellow Emperor, saw the footprints of birds and beasts and understood that shapes can be used to distinguish things, so he began to make words." From "diagram" to a simplified process, the evolution process of "text" begins by taking the main characteristics of things. Projection: The evolution of Chinese characters can be inferred from the evolution of the word "fish". (1), the origin of Chinese characters, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, carved on the bones of tortoise shells (mainly on the shoulder blades of cattle). It is the driest, most systematic and most mature Chinese character material we can see today. (2) Projection of the original features of Chinese characters: Oracle Bone Inscriptions Bone Piece and "Everyone Helps the Field" Cow Bone Carver: Oracle Bone Inscriptions, carved on tortoise shell bone with a knife, is the earliest known Chinese characters, with large and small glyphs and thin strokes, and each character looks like a painting drawn by a child. See if there are any words you know. 2. Oracle bone inscriptions: Projection: "Examples of Oracle bone inscriptions" and "Comparison of Oracle bone inscriptions with modern Chinese characters" Student activities: Try to "fill in the modern Chinese zodiac for Oracle bone inscriptions" Rats, cows, tigers, chickens, dogs, pigs, rabbits, sheep, monkeys, dragons, snakes, horses and seashells:180. He got to the bottom of it and knew that the medicine was shipped from Henan to Beijing. After investigation, it was found that these characters came from Yin Ruins and belonged to Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty. Second, bronze inscriptions (blackboard writing) (1). Bronze Inscription (also called or Inscription) (blackboard writing) (Projection: The picture shows the bronze ware "Shi San Pan" with inscription in the Western Zhou Dynasty) The teacher said: Bronze Inscription is the words cast on bronze wares. The so-called bronze ware is a vessel made of copper and tin alloy. This kind of alloy is relatively strong and is called bronze ware because of its blue color. There are mainly musical instruments "Zhong", food containers "Yi, Zun and Jue", washing machines "Pan" and weapons "Ge and Ji". At first, the content of inscriptions on bronze was only to carve some symbols representing the names of nations and countries. Later, he basically recorded his achievements, got a reward, and was engraved and passed on to future generations to show his glory. Because ancient people regarded Zhong Ding as a general term for bronzes. The predecessors once called this kind of writing "Zhong Dingwen", and because the writing is mostly used for "never forgetting, never forgetting", it is also called "inscription". None of these terms can summarize their characteristics. Therefore, later generations renamed it Jinwen, which made the text get rid of pictures. This is the first milestone in the development of Chinese characters. Bronze inscriptions, produced in the Western Zhou Dynasty, also known as Zhong Dingwen, bronze inscriptions. It is almost as old as Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and its characteristics are: the pen shape is fuller and fuller than Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and the shape is more square and symmetrical than Oracle Bone Inscriptions. (2) Classical-Warring States script (blackboard writing): During the Warring States period in China history (475 BC-22 BC1year), China was divided into seven vassal states. The characters in different countries are very different, just like ancient passwords, which are difficult to decipher. Projection data: The Bronze Festival Carves Chu Characters and the Stone Drum Carves Qin Characters-Zhuan Characters are the later small seal characters. In a broad sense, Da Zhuan includes Xiao Zhuan, pre-Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions and six-country scripts. The big seal script here refers to the Qin script that prevailed during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. With the eastward move to Luoyang, Qin occupied the hometown of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and at the same time inherited the writing of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which was developed on the basis of inheriting the bronze inscriptions. Because of its regionality, some of them are difficult to identify. Dazhuan, also known as Zhuan (zhòu) text. It was named after it was recorded in Shi Shuo pian. Shi Guwen is the earliest stone carving discovered in Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province in the Tang Dynasty, and is known as the "ancestor of stone carving" in the world. Because these words are engraved on ten drum-shaped stones, they are called "Shi Guwen". Today, domestic archaeologists generally believe that it is a relic of Qin State during the Warring States Period. Shi Guwen is a master of seal script and the pioneer of Xiao seal script, which occupies an important position in the history of calligraphy. It is a transitional font that evolved from Da Zhuan to Xiao Zhuan, and has not yet been finalized. Wen Shu, also known as Da Zhuan, was popular in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which laid the foundation of Chinese characters. 3. Xiao Zhuan and Li Shu (blackboard writing) (1) Xiao Zhuan-the unification of Chinese characters (blackboard writing) In 22 BC1year, after Qin Shihuang unified China, Chinese characters were also unified. Projection: The picture shows the Yishan stone carving inscribed by Li Si, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty. The teacher said: Xiao Zhuan is the first standardized font of Chinese characters. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, after Qin Shihuang was unified, he adopted the opinion of Prime Minister Li Si, carried out the reform of "the same characters" and unified the characters. This is the first major writing reform in the history of our country. Xiao Zhuan, also known as Qin Zhuan, was popular in the Qin Dynasty because of its political power. Projection: Qin and Xiao Zhuan. Qin unified script Xiao Zhuan shaped the strokes and structure of Chinese characters, laid the foundation for the square of Chinese characters and marked the unity of Chinese characters. Discussion: What influence did Qin Shihuang's unified writing have on the development of China culture? Since then, it has laid the foundation for cultural unity of the Chinese nation and promoted economic and cultural exchanges and development. (2) Official script-making Chinese characters in prison: Official script is a simple way of writing Xiao Zhuan, which was first popular among the lower classes in the Qin Dynasty. It is said that Cheng Miao (mio) arranged the new fonts in prison. Projection: Bamboo Slips of Li Qin Unearthed in Hubei and Han Li were reformed twice in the Qin Dynasty. The first is to unify the characters, from big seal to small seal. The second is to use official script which is more convenient than Xiao Zhuan. This is the second milestone-the development of characters gets rid of iconicity. Lishu developed greatly in the Han Dynasty (206-220 BC), which changed irregular lines into regular strokes and laid the foundation for the font structure of modern Chinese characters. Patterns of cursive script, regular script and running script (blackboard script) (1) Chinese characters font: regular script appeared in the late Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), a new Chinese character font: regular script. Projection: Zhong You, the founder of regular script, and Zhong You's works declaration form have straight strokes, square fonts and concise writing. Until today, regular script is still the standard font of Chinese characters. Regular script, produced in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, is also called real script and official script. (2) Quick-writing fonts-cursive and running script: China ancient people also created two kinds of fonts that can write quickly: cursive and running script. There are three kinds of cursive scripts: Cao Zhang, Cao Jin and Kuangcao. Projection: China wooden slips written in Cao Zhang. This grass was created by Zhang Zhi in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220). Projection: A cursive script written by Zhang Zhi. Weeds was written by Zhang Xu (6 18-907) in the Tang Dynasty. Weeds are extremely difficult to identify, but they have high artistic appreciation value. Projection: The running script of Zhang Xu's crazy sketch was produced in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Features: between cursive and cursive, the font is flexible and easy to write. It is a font commonly used by people now. Running script is a kind of calligraphy with both practical and aesthetic value, which was popular in Wei and Jin Dynasties (220-420). The picture shows Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in Jin Dynasty, who is best at writing running scripts. Projection: Preface to Lanting Collection: Lanting Monument Pavilion in Zhejiang, China. At that time, Wang Xizhi wrote Preface to Lanting Collection, which was regarded as the best running script in the world.