astrometeorology
There are 132 cloud pictures in Sacrificing Three Light and White Apes (the author is unknown) in the middle of14th century BC. These cloud pictures are related to weather changes, and most of them conform to the principles of modern meteorology. It was not until 1879 that sixteen maps of Zhang Yun were published in Europe. ) 1383 Shi Jing observatory was set up in Nanjing 1439, and armillary sphere was set up in Beijing (1900 was robbed by Eight-Nation Alliance and Germany. 192 1 Nanjing Purple Mountain Observatory will be established in years) 1442 Beijing Observatory will be established 1442. The publication of Graph Theory of Huntian Shuo Xian (introduction of western astronomical view and explanation of Huntian Shuo) 16 17 Zhang Xie's Textual Research on East and West recorded the detailed information of marine occupation and so on. 1634, the first astronomical telescope in China was officially installed: "Yong" 1643 published the almanac of Chongzhen.
Mathematical physics
Jason Wu wrote in 1450 Encyclopedia of Comparison of Algorithms in Nine Chapters: 1584 Zhu Zaiyu's Essence of Law and Lu published in 1592 Cheng Dawei's Unification of Algorithms are the earliest records that Xu Guangqi and Matteo Ricci began to jointly translate Geometrical Elements on 1606. He believes that sound is produced by the vibration or rapid movement of an object hitting the air, and sound propagates through the air, similar to water waves. Fang Yizhi put forward in the second volume of Physics Tips: "When the universe (time) turns to space, there will be a universe in the universe, and there will be a universe in the universe." In other words, time and space cannot exist independently of each other. Sun, a folk manufacturer of optical instruments, made dozens of optical instruments such as magnifying glasses and microscopes, and wrote The History of Mirrors (Lost).
Medical science
1406, Judy and others presided over the collection and compilation of Puji Fang (including 6 1739 prescriptions, which is the largest existing medical prescription in China. ) 1567 Taiping County, Ningguo District, China tried to prevent smallpox by human pox inoculation. Vaccination against smallpox is the beginning of artificial immunization and a great achievement in the history of medicine. /kloc-In the 7th century, the vaccination technology in China has been quite perfect, and has been extended to the whole country. China's vaccination method was introduced to Europe at the beginning of17th century. 1596, Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica was officially published in Nanjing. At the same time, there are 160 1 year, Yang Jizhou's acupuncture masterpiece 16 17 year, and Chen Shigong's authentic surgery. He paid attention to practice and was brave in innovation, and creatively performed surgical operations such as toe amputation and tracheal suture, which made contributions to surgery in China. Some tumors are also discussed in the book. ) 1624 "Jing" written by Zhang Jingyue; Published in the same year, edited by Jing Yue, and attached Yi 1640 and Jing Yue's complete book in 64 volumes 164 1 year, Wu Youxing wrote "On Plague" and Wang Fuzhi wrote "Thinking and Asking? "Waipian put forward the concept of organism metabolism, he said," The mass is the same from generation to generation, and … muscles are born on the same day, and the old ones disappear, which people don't know. "... people see its shape unchanged and don't know its quality has moved, ..."
agriculture
1376 Tree Planting Book written by Yu Zong (which records the grafting methods of various trees, such as inbreeding of peaches, plums and apricots, distant grafting of mulberry trees and pears, etc. ) 1406, Zhu Kui disaster relief materia medica came out (collecting 4 kinds of edible wild plants, indicating the origin, shape and sex) China 15 1 1 year planting corn (doubtful, possibly incorrect)1year. ) 1582 Shu Fan was introduced to China 1596 Tu Benjun wrote the earliest extant monograph on marine life in China, "Cuoshu in Fujian and China" (which recorded the morphology and living habits of more than 200 kinds of aquatic animals mainly composed of marine invertebrates and fish in coastal areas. ) 1608, Yu Yu and Yu Jie (Yu Benheng) co-authored "Yuan Heng's treatment of horses" (a veterinary masterpiece, including the treatment experience of horses, cows and camels, still has practical value. ) 16 17 by Zhao pupa (about tomato planting technology, etc. ) 1628 Encyclopedia of Agricultural Politics written by Xu Guangqi 1425 Geographic Map of Dapu, which was the first to record the world map of Sino-Japanese traffic and the War of Resistance Against Japan. 1589 Gu began to compile Zhao Yuzhi's Book of Diseases in the World, 1640 Xu Honghong.
geography
1405- 143 1 year, Zheng He led a huge ocean-going fleet to more than 30 countries in the West. Xu xiake's travels
Chemistry, smelting and chemical industry
152 1 year, Sichuan jiazhou (now Leshan) was drilled into an oil well with a depth of several hundred meters. 1596 "Tang Xianzhi" 1596, Li Shizhen recorded the chemical properties and distillation, evaporation, sublimation, recrystallization, precipitation, burning and other technologies of 276 kinds of inorganic drugs in Compendium of Materia Medica. 1637, when Song described smelting technology in Tiangong, he regarded lead, copper, mercury, sulfur and other chemical elements as basic.
He also made outstanding contributions in six departments.
Because the rule of Ming Dynasty was relatively stable, all aspects of Ming society developed. By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the development of agriculture had far surpassed the previous generation in production tools and output. The development of agriculture liberated more labor and further promoted the development of handicrafts and commerce. Handicrafts such as blue and white porcelain and Xuande furnace in Ming Dynasty have become rare works of art now. In addition, the development of science and culture in Ming Dynasty was more rapid. Among the four classical novels in the history of China, The Journey to the West, Water Margin and Romance of the Three Kingdoms came from the Ming Dynasty, while Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, Song's Heavenly Creations, Xu Guangqi's Heavenly Creations and Xu Xiake's Travels appeared as scientific works, which have become precious documents for us to study and learn from ancient technology today. During the Yongle period, Zheng He, a famous navigator in China, led an ocean-going fleet to the Western Ocean for six times, which strengthened the economic and political exchanges between the Ming Dynasty and other countries in the world and made contributions to China's going global.
Sui advanced:
Compilation of county local customs and records, county atlas, volume 13 1, volume 129, volume 100.
Yang Di, Emperor Yangdi of the Sui Dynasty, promulgated the Great Cause Law and the Emperor's Opening Law.
Western region map
Cheung Chau Jade Mirror, 400 volumes, District Records 1200 volumes.
He made great contributions to poetry and calligraphy, and also contributed to the preservation of ancient books in China.
Sui clothes are made of silk, and Ming clothes are also made of silk, but silk is better and lighter than Sui's.
Sui fighting style: March in a hurry, attack head-on, and suddenly outflank the right or left wing.
Ming's fighting style: attack three ways at the same time and make good use of tactics.
* * * Same point: Soldiers are fierce.
It's different: Ming was good at using firearms, Ming transformed Ge, added a chisel and other things to the side, and modified Ji (I don't know what to do, but my encyclopedia of cold weapons didn't mention it), which looks like a multifunctional harpoon. Ming's crossbow is much stronger than Sui's, and Sui can't modify weapons.
Ming Poems: Lotus-picking songs in Emei Pavilion, theme of Shaxi Post, homesickness, songs of divine wind, worship in Zhongshan, Wu Shenyun, bamboo, music fishing, and Shen Xiuwen's double-stream eight chants.
Poems of the Sui Dynasty: Wandering in the sky, going to three schools, offering sacrifices to the ancestors of the mountains, ending Zen, offering songs and giving them to the East for the first time, all should be issued by imperial edicts.
Ming painting: Zhai Zhen, the Book of the Spring Palace.
Sui painting: unknown