There are three main branches of Zhou surname in contemporary Han nationality: ancient Zhou surname, Ji surname and foreign surname.
The first expenditure has been in the Zhou Dynasty since ancient times. The Zhou tribe existed in the era of the Yellow Emperor 5000 years ago. The ministers of the Yellow Emperor were He and they both belonged to the Zhou tribe. The Zhou tribe is the ancient Zhou state, which belongs to the Huangdi clan. In the era of the Yellow Emperor, the northwest agriculture developed greatly, and the technology of drilling deep wells, digging canals and irrigating farmland with water was already available. Zhou Chang and Zhou Shu, ministers of the Yellow Emperor, were probably the first clan leaders to dig wells to irrigate farmland. They developed agriculture and were an important tribe at that time. The original meaning of Zhou character is around, and Zhou character is like a well and a canal. Therefore, the Zhou tribe in the era of the Yellow Emperor used the graphic "Zhou" to express its clan skills, which served as the emblem of the clan and then became the name of the clan. The Zhou family has been active in Linfen (also known as Taiyuan) in Shanxi, which is also an ancient land. This is the oldest and magical Zhou surname in China, with a history of more than 5,000 years. To this day, there are still some people surnamed Zhou who respect the ministers of the Yellow Emperor as their ancestors.
The second expenditure comes from Ji's surname. Most people surnamed Zhou in ancient and modern times regard Hou Ji, the great grandson of the Yellow Emperor, as Zhou's ancestor. The history of Ji's surname Zhou began in Hou Ji, and Hou Ji abandoned his surname. He was an agricultural official who planted millet in Yu Shun's time. Millet, that is, millet, was the main food of northwest nationalities at that time. Hou Ji made great achievements in managing agriculture, and was sealed in Jishan, now Wang Ji, at the junction of Jishan, Wenxi, Wanrong and Yuncheng. By the time of Kong Jia in the Xia Dynasty, the Xia Dynasty had declined. Under the pressure of merchants, the descendants of Hou Ji moved northward and entered Linfen, Shanxi Province, the land of ancient Zhou Dynasty. They absorbed the inherent farming experience of the Yellow Emperor clan and the mining field system of the Xia Dynasty, created regional fields, developed agriculture, and strengthened the clan, which was called the Big Zhou in history. Later, it crossed Luliang Mountain and entered Qu Di, which is now Jixian County in Shanxi Province and Quchan River in shilou county. After entering the Shang Dynasty, Gong Liu, a descendant of Hou Ji, led his people to move westward, that is, to the west of Xunyi County, Shaanxi Province, and also to Jishan Mountain, Wugong County, Shaanxi Province, and the tribes of the Zhou Dynasty began to form. In the late Shang Dynasty, the descendant of Gong Liu, the ancient magistrate, moved south to the south of Qishan, and built the city, named Zhou. After three generations, namely Zhou Wang Tai, Ji Chang (Zhou Wenwang) and Ji Fa (Zhou Wuwang), the Zhou Dynasty was established for 800 years. During the Xia and Shang Dynasties of 1000, Zhou people lived in Shanxi, and moved westward and southward to the west of Chang 'an, Shaanxi, until the end of Shang Dynasty. In the pre-Qin period, there were not many celebrities of Zhou family, and there was only one Taishi Gong Zhou in the history books.
The official large-scale use of Zhou surname was after the demise of the Zhou Dynasty, with a history of 2300 years. Zhou Pingwang moved its capital to Luoyi, now Luoyang, which is called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in history. Ji Lie, the youngest son, was sealed in Rufen, now in the east of Yexian County, Henan Province, to the eighteenth generation of Sun Jiyong, Qin Dynasty destroyed Zhou, and his descendants were surnamed Zhou. In the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, named Zhou as the Duke of Rufen because he was a descendant of the Zhou royal family. Since then, this Zhou surname has developed rapidly. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, more than a dozen famous counties with runan county as the core were formed, which became the largest tribe named Zhou. Its descendants have been distributed in Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei, Zhejiang and other regions. Then he entered Fujian and Guangxi in the early Tang Dynasty, and Zhou appeared in Sichuan in the late Tang Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, it began to enter Taiwan Province Province.
Zhou Nanwang, the leader of the national subjugation of the Zhou Dynasty, moved the capital for fear of loneliness, and now lives in the northwest of Linru, Henan Province. His descendants are also surnamed Zhou, which is another important surname among the descendants of Zhou Pingwang. Later, it moved eastward to northern Jiangsu, and a group named Zhou was formed in a famous county. Zhou Yafu, who helped Gaozu rule the world in the early Han Dynasty and put down the "Seven Kingdoms Rebellion" in the early Western Han Dynasty, is a descendant of Zhou, which is the most brilliant and developing period since Zhou became a family.
The other is Zhou, who is my younger brother. During the King Zhuang of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Duke Heijian, a descendant of Zhou Gongdan, came to power in Korea. He was killed in the attempted coup of King Zhuang of Zhou, and later took refuge and changed his surname to Zhou. This branch mainly lives in Qufu, Shandong Province, and its descendants are unknown and have not been seen in history books.
The third branch originated from a foreign surname. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is a period of great ethnic integration and population migration in northern China in the history of China. Due to the war in the north, a large number of ethnic minorities entered the Central Plains, and Zhou moved to the south and southeast with other indigenous people in North China. The people of the Central Plains began to blend into the blood of a large number of northern nationalities, and the genes of Xianbei people, the brothers of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Pu's and Pu's of Xianbei people also flowed into Zhou, especially Henan County. Later, Jin Nuzhen was proud of the Guo family, and the flag bearer of the Qing Dynasty collectively changed his surname to Zhou. After living together with the Han nationality for a long time, these foreigners gradually assimilated into the Zhou Han nationality in the north.
Hey:
According to historical documents, the surname of She was transformed from Yu. Her surname was first seen in He Chengtian's Garden in the Southern Song Dynasty. According to Shi Yuan, She's family originated in Nanchang. According to "Tongzhi's Policy", She surnamed Yin Snake, from a scholar, was a great scholar in Tang Kaiyuan, and was from Nanchang. In addition, it can be traced back to "seeking the root surname". In ancient times, there was no She surname, only Yu surname, and Yu rhymed to read snakes. She and Yu, two surnames with very similar spelling, do have a relationship, which can be seen from the notes of ancient Yang Shen. Zhang Shu, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, also pointed out in five books on surnames that ancient writing was more than enough. As can be seen from the records of these two books, the relationship between her and Yu's two surnames is in the same strain. Judging from the fact that Yuan's family mainly breeds in Xin 'an, namely Shexian County, the second surname may be a family. The first person named She appeared in the history of our country, and she Qin was a doctor in imperial academy in the Tang Dynasty. She is from Nanchang, so it is speculated that her surname moved earlier. Like Yu's, the ancestor of She's surname is that this is the foundation of the prosperity of Qin, which later unified the world. For relevant information, please refer to the Yu family that has been introduced before. Yu and she became the most popular surnames in Anhui and Jiangsu. Gathering place: According to the ancient book Xing Yuan in the Song Dynasty, most of the surnames came from Nanchang. She Qin, a doctor of imperial academy in Tang Dynasty, was the first person to appear as a historical celebrity in the history of China. She is from Nanchang, so it is speculated that her surname moved earlier. Her ancestors, like Yu's ancestors, laid the foundation for the prosperity of Qin, which later unified the world. Yu and she became the most popular surnames in Anhui and Jiangsu. She Taijun of Yang Jiajiang is the wife of Yang Jiye, a famous Northern Song Dynasty star. She Taijun, formerly known as Sai Jinhua, was born in Yi 'an, Hebei. She Taijun led the Yangjia 12 widow to the Western Expedition, which was widely circulated among the people as early as AD 1000. She Xizhang, a famous painter and calligrapher in Qing Dynasty, can write poems and articles, especially calligraphy and painting. His paintings and calligraphy have the flavor of poetry and articles. According to previous research, the ancestor of She surname in southern Fujian was She Meijiang, who was honored as Meijiang Gong. In the Ming Dynasty, Wujin Wei of Nanjing (probably equivalent to the present rank of commander-in-chief) had a couplet in the She's ancestral hall in Gangbian Village, Shishi, Fujian: "The elders of the Three Dynasties, carrying forward the past and opening up the future, opened the first person in Fujian Jinke". There may be a higher surname of She before and after Meijianggong. I hope other friends can understand that rumors of her surname are exchanged.