"Spring and Autumn Zuo Zhuan Zhengyi" sixty volumes.
The old title was written by Zuo Qiu Ming in Spring and Autumn Period and annotated by Du Yu (222-284) of Jin Dynasty. Kong Yingda (574-648) of Tang Dynasty was sparse. Zuo Qiu Ming - said his surname was Zuo Qiu Ming; another said his surname was Zuo Qiu Ming. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, he was born in the State of Lu (now Shandong) and served as Taishi of Lu. In addition to "Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan", he also wrote "Guoyu" and other books. Yuan Kai was born in Duling, Jingzhao (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). He was a Henan Yin official, the governor of Jingzhou, the minister of Duzhi, the general of Zhennan, and the commander of all the military affairs in Jingzhou. Because of his contribution to the destruction of Wu, he was granted the title of Marquis of Dangyang County. He was erudite and knowledgeable. . He especially studied "Dingzhuan" carefully and wrote "Chunqiu Changli", "Chunqiu Shili", "Chunqiu Zuoshi Biography" and "Nvji". Yingda was a scholar of the Tang Dynasty. Details of his life can be found in "Zhengyijiu" of the Book of Changes. "Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan", also known as "Zuo Zhuan", "Chun Qiu Zuo Shi Zhuan" and "Zuo Shi Chun Qiu", is the first chronicle in ancient my country with detailed records and incisive discussions. It is also the third biography of the Confucian classic "Spring and Autumn" First, Liu Xiang, Liu Xin, Huan Tan and Ban Gu all believed that "Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan" was written by Zuo Qiuming. For example, Ban Gu wrote "Han Shu". It was recorded in thirty volumes in his "Yiwenzhi" and the author was named "Zuo Qiuming, Taishi of Lu". Until the Sui Dynasty, scholars had no doubt about this. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhao Kuang began to say that this book was not written by Zuo Qiu Ming. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, doubters have arisen one after another and debated endlessly. Until now, there is still no conclusion. Most of the content of "Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan" is annotations on the historical events of "Chun Qiu". While supplementing, explaining, and revising "Chun Qiu", there are also those who explain its "calligraphy". The recorded historical facts extend to Lu Dao Gongcun Shi Four years. It is twenty-seven years longer than "Spring and Autumn". According to "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi", there were originally five biographers of "Spring and Autumn". That is: "The Biography of Zuo" in thirty volumes, "The Biography of Gongyang" in eleven volumes, and "The Biography of Guliang" in eleven volumes. "Zou's Biography" has eleven volumes, and "Jia's Biography" has eleven volumes. Later, Zou and his family stopped passing on. There are only three "Zuo Shi Zhuan", "Gongyang Zhuan" and "Gu Liang Zhuan" left. During the Western Han Dynasty, Zuo scholars included Zhang Cang, Jia Yi, Zhang Chang, and Liu Xin. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were Chen Yuan, Zheng Zhong, Jia Kui, Ma Rong, Yan Du, Xu Shu, Fu Qian, and Ying Rong. There are also Wang Su and Dong Yu. In the Western Jin Dynasty, Du Yu studied the "Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan" carefully and believed that the pre-Confucian scholars mostly transferred the ancestral narratives and did not fully understand Zuo's studies. Re-note it. The year of the division of the scriptures is attached to the year of the biography. The scriptures are combined into one volume. Their meanings are compared and organized. The main interpretations of the scriptures are based on the interpretations of Liu Xin, Jia Kui, Xu Shu and Ying Rong, and reject those of Fu Qian and others. explain. His notes range from the geography of heavenly officials to the allusions of all things. It does not analyze the details, but expresses the purpose and interests smoothly, which is far above the old theory. Its organization "Zuo Zhuan" has fifty general examples and forty-nine special examples, which can be summarized into three bodies and five things: the three bodies are the normal rules, the new ideas are the changes, and the return is the exception; the five things are the subtle and obvious, Difficult and obscure. Be gentle and form a chapter, do everything but not do it, punish evil and encourage good. Moreover, Du respected Zhou Gong and suppressed Confucius. He believed that "Zuo Zhuan" was published in the 50th century and was all the old rules of Zhou Gong. He called it "Shu", "Bushu", "Xianshu", "Gushu", "Buyan", "Buyan", etc. "Not called", "Book said", etc. are Confucius' new rules, which are called "changed rules". Therefore, his annotations are often based on the classics. And to the rebellious ministers. There are many protections, but one of the shortcomings is that Du was a minister of Wei and was compiled by Jin. This is inevitable, and most of them were ridiculed by later Confucianism. Du devoted himself to "Zuo Zhuan" and organized and organized it, making it a more valuable masterpiece of classics and history. He also comprehensively summarized the research results of Zuo's studies before the Jin Dynasty, which can serve as a link between the past and the future. , occupying an important position in the history of the development of Confucian classics. In the Tang Dynasty, during the Zhenguan period, Taizong's previous doctors taught scriptures in different disciplines. However, each school had different views, and some of the scriptures' annotations were complicated, which was not conducive to learning. At the same time, out of the need to unify his thoughts, he issued an edict to Ying. Da and others wrote the "Five Classics of Justice", and this book is one of them. Yingda used Du Yu's "Zuo Zhuan Annotation" as the basis, and believed that there have been many annotations of "Zuo Zhuan" since the Han Dynasty, and some of them used the second biography of "Gongyang" and "Gu Liang" to explain the "Zuo Zhuan". It is a "square chisel with a round frame", but Du annotated "Zuo Zhuan" to interpret "Chun Qiu". It can be said that "the son corresponds to the mother, using glue to cast paint", which makes the scriptures and biography seamlessly integrated into one, so it is regarded as the ancestor. Kong cited extensively in this work, including the old annotations of Jia and Fu in Du Yu's Spring and Autumn Annals, as well as the connotations of Shen Wen'a, Su Kuan, Liu Xuan and others, and quoted from Sanli, Gongyang and Guliang. , and "Erya" and other materials, with detailed annotations. It is a representative work of "Zuo Zhuan" in the Tang Dynasty. The "Sikuquanshu General Catalog" said: "It has made great contributions to "Spring and Autumn".
"However, Confucius "left Du and Liu on the right". During the Sui Dynasty, Liu Xuan's "Chun Qiu Shu Yi" corrected Du Yi with more than 150 points, but Confucius denounced it as imitating Du Yi and attacking Du Yi; at the same time, he criticized the Han Confucianism In short, Du Zhuan and Confucius are one of the most important works in the academic development history of "Zuo Zhuan". With Du Zhuan and Confucius, the book "Zuo Zhuan" can be complete. It has been passed down to this day. At first, Du Zhu and Kong Shu were each in a single line. Du Zhu was originally in thirty volumes, also known as "Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan Ji Jie". When it was published in the Southern Song Dynasty, it was combined with "Chun Qiu Zuo" in Lu Deming's "Classic Commentary". "Chuan Yin Yi" jointly published, entitled "The Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan Ji Jie", written by Zuo Qiu Ming in the Spring and Autumn Period, and the Jin Du Pre Collection and Interpretation, Tang Lu Deming Yin Yi.