2 outline: probably, roughly.
Callus: Callus, the skin that has been rubbed and hardened by labor or exercise on hands and feet.
4 suddenly: the way you bow your head describes your dim eyes.
⑤ ":Promotion.
6 welfare: increase welfare.
⑦ Nationality: Describe the noisy and chaotic appearance.
8 sleepy (ambition): depressed, uneasy and embarrassed.
⑨ quán era: arrangement order. In March, Bai Juyi, the first step: I was demoted to Jiangling House under self-sufficiency, and you gave me nearly 100 poems. Whenever I send a poem, I still take pains. Sometimes you preface it, sometimes you write a letter, and these are all in the first place. These are all used to illustrate the significance of ancient and modern poems, the reasons for the fuss and the chronological order. Now that I have accepted your poem and understood your intention, I often want to write back, briefly explain the basic principles of poetry and state my intention to make a fuss. I always get up and write a letter and send it to the first step. But in recent years, due to the drag of accidents, there are few vacancies. Occasionally, when I am free, I sometimes want to do it, but I feel that what I said is not beyond the first step, so I just spread out my stationery and made it several times. Finally, until now, I have failed to realize my past wishes. Now that you have been banished to Xunyang, you have nothing to do but eat and live. Just browse the 26-axis old and new articles you left when you went to Tongzhou, open the book and read them to understand the meaning. It's like meeting you and talking to you. I have kept my thoughts in my heart for a long time. I want to get them off my chest, and I vaguely feel that you are still in front of me, forgetting that I am in Tongzhou, a distant place. As a result, I wanted to vent my repressed feelings, so I recalled my previous wishes and wrote this letter with difficulty. I hope I can have a look at it carefully. It's a great honor.
The so-called writing has a long history. Three talents have their own writings: the writings of Heaven, headed by Three Lights; The text of the local book is headed by five materials; Human literature is headed by the Six Classics. Taking the Six Classics as an example, The Book of Songs is the first one. Why? Because saints use poetry to influence people's hearts and make the world peaceful. Nothing can affect people's hearts more than the early feelings, the early words, the close voice and the deep meaning. The so-called poetry takes emotion as the body, poetry as the seedling, sound as the flower and righteousness as the truth. From sages to fools, from dolphins to fish, to secluded ghosts and gods, there are different kinds but the same temperament, different forms and the same feelings. There is no response to the stimulation of sound, and there is no induction to the influence of touching emotions. The sage understood this truth, summed it up into six meanings according to the situation of speaking, and melted it into five tones according to the form of sound to make it conform to the norms.
Classification of five-tone righteousness and six meanings. The rhythm is harmonious, the words are smooth, and the voice is easy to move. If the classification is clear, emotions can be expressed, and emotions can be expressed easily. This contains profound truth, which runs through the nuances. When the emperor communicates with the people from top to bottom, the qi of heaven and earth can intersect, people's worries and joys are the same, and everyone's mind will achieve harmony and joy. Therefore, the Three Emperors and Five Emperors all acted according to the correct principles, hung up their clothes and handed them over to govern the country. The reason lies in mastering the meaning and sound of poetry and taking it as the main balance; It is also the main magic weapon to distinguish the meaning of poetry from words. Therefore, when you hear the song "The head of state is bright and the thighs are good", you will know that the Yu Shun era was a prosperous time to govern the country. When I heard songs like Wu Ziluoling, I knew that Xia Taikang's politics had been abandoned. Those who satirize Oracle Bone Inscriptions with poems are not guilty, and those who hear such satire can play a warning role. Those who perform satire and those who hear it do their best.
When the Eastern Zhou Dynasty declined and the State of Qin rose, the officials who collected poems were abolished. The emperor did not remedy and investigate the lack of political affairs by collecting poems and observing the wind, and the civilians did not use poems to vent their feelings. So the atmosphere of praising political achievements rose, and the truth of remedying the lack of political affairs was destroyed. At this time, the six meanings are incomplete. The evolution of national customs to Chuci and Wuyan Poetry began in Su Wu and Liling. Su Wu, Li Ling and Qu Yuan all suffered greatly. They all expressed their feelings and wrote poems. Therefore, poems such as "Join hands on the Jiangliang" stop at expressing the sadness of parting, and the chanting of "Walking on the banks of the Ze River" eventually comes down to resentment. The poem expresses hesitation, depression and sadness, and nothing else is written. But not far from the Book of Songs, the six meanings probably remain. So the description of parting is based on two geese, and the irony of gentleman and villain is based on the analogy between vanilla and bad bird. Although the six meanings are incomplete, we can still get the national traditional 23/ 10. At this time, Liu Yi is short of debt. Since the Jin and Song Dynasties, it is probably rare to get the tradition of national customs. Such as Xie's poems, extensive and profound, but more obsessed with mountains and rivers. For example, Tao Yuanming's poems are unpretentious, but they are more affectionate to the countryside. Jiang Yan and Bao Zhao are even more intolerable than these poems. Like the five songs written by Hongliang, there is not even an example of 12%. At this time, the six meanings gradually weakened and declined. Most of Liang and Chen in the middle are just playing with snow and flowers. Alas, things like snow, flowers and plants were cut down in "300 Articles"? It just depends on how to use it. For example, The Cold North Wind satirizes abuse with wind, Rainy Rain levies taxes with pity, Flowers of Tang Di satirizes the way of brothers with flowers, and Flower Picking praises banana and congratulates the woman on giving birth to a son. This is based on snow, flowers and grass, and its significance lies in stabbing, recruiting, satirizing brothers and having children. On the contrary, what can be done? In this way, the words in the chapter "Yu Xia is clear, Chengjiang is quiet as practice" and "Flowers first, leaves first" are really gorgeous, and I don't know what it means. So, I say these poems are just playing with snow and flowers. At this time, the six meanings completely disappeared.
The Tang Dynasty flourished for more than 200 years, during which there were countless poets. It is worth mentioning that Chen Ziang has 20 lyric poems and Bao Fang has 15 lyric poems. There are also heroes in the poem, which the world calls "Du Li". Li Bai's works are so brilliant that ordinary people can't compare with them! However, not even one of the ten songs discusses the six meanings. Du Fu's works are the most, and more than 1000 can be handed down. As for the integration of ancient and modern times, the use of meter is skillful and complete, which has surpassed Li Bai. However, there are only thirty or forty songs such as Xin 'anli, Li Shihao, Tongguan Li, Lu Zi and Liuhuamen, all of which stink of wine and meat and freeze people to death. Du Fu is still like this, how much less than Du Fu? I often feel sorry for the destruction of poetry and get angry in a trance. Sometimes I can't eat when I eat and I can't sleep at night. I didn't estimate that my talent was insufficient, so I wanted to restore Ma Shidao. Alas! Contrary to expectations, I can't say it in a few words, but I still want to give you a general statement.
When I was six or seven months old, my wet nurse held me and played under the book screen. Someone pointed to the wordless words and taught me. Although I can't say it in my mouth, I have silently remembered it in my heart. Later, someone asked me these two words, and even if I tried them ten times and a hundred times, I could accurately point them out. Then I was born with words. When I was five or six years old, I learned to write poetry. I was familiar with this music when I was nine years old. When I was fifteen or sixteen years old, I began to know the glory of being the top scholar in the exam, so I studied hard. From the age of twenty, I studied hard during the day, studied hard at night, and occasionally learned to write poetry. I have no free time to sleep and rest. Even the mouth and tongue are sore, and the hands and elbows are ground into cocoons. Eyes are always flashing, as if flying with beads, and there are thousands of them at every turn. This is probably caused by studying hard and writing poems hard, and I feel very sad.
Because of his poor family, he suffered many accidents and was not admitted to Jinshi until he was 27 years old. After the senior high school entrance examination, although I concentrated on the subject examination, I still didn't stop writing poetry. When it comes to being a school bookkeeper, there are three or four hundred poems. Sometimes I show it to my friends like the first step. Everyone says that I am clever at first sight, but I have not reached the level of a poet. Since I became an official in the imperial court, I have been getting older and experienced more and more things. Whenever you talk to people, ask more about current events, study history and explore ways to govern the country. Only then do I know that articles should be written for current events and poems should be written for reality. At that time, the emperor had just succeeded to the throne, and honest people in the government sent letters to investigate the sufferings of the people many times.
It was at this time that I was promoted to a bachelor's degree in Hanlin and was also an official who took over from the left. I personally received a paper writing a chapter on admonition. In addition to writing a memorial to state my opinions directly to the emperor, there are some things that can save the people's sufferings and make up for the lack of current politics, but it is difficult to explain directly. I will write poems and let the emperor know slowly. First of all, it was used to broaden the emperor's knowledge and help him consider and handle state affairs. The second is to repay the emperor's kindness and do his duty as an admonisher. Finally, it is to realize one's own wishes and revitalize poetry in life. Unexpectedly, the unfulfilled wish caused regret, and the poem was unheard of in the world, and slander has become a reality.
I also ask you to allow me to talk about it thoroughly. Whenever I hear my poem "Congratulations on the Rain", everyone will make a noise together, which has been considered inappropriate. Hearing my poem "Cry a Hole", everyone was very angry and unhappy. Hearing "Qin Zhongyin", dignitaries and recent ministers looked at each other. I heard that my music garden sent me a poem, and the ruler regretted it. When I heard my poem Su Zige Village, the people who mastered the military power gnashed their teeth and hated it. Most of them are like this, so we can't list them all. People who have no friendship with me say that I pursue fame and gain, maliciously attack, laugh at slander. If you have a friendship with me, warn me with the lesson that Niu Monk and Ru were fired for exposing current affairs. Even my brother and my wife think I am wrong. Only two or three people in the world think I'm right. A Fudeng man was very happy to see my poem, and soon he died. Another Tang opera cried after reading my poem, and soon it died. The other is your situation. You have been in this situation for ten years. Alas! Will the tradition of six meanings and four beginnings be destroyed by heaven and cannot be supported? Or do I not know that it is providence not to let the emperor know the sufferings of the people? Otherwise, why are people who are interested in writing poetry not so successful? But I've thought about it myself. I am just an ordinary person in Kanto. I know nothing but reading and writing, and even calligraphy, painting, chess and opera can be communicated with others. In other words, I can imagine my stupidity. At the beginning, there was not even a distant relative in the imperial court, and there was not even a friend who had known each other among the dignitaries. I'm not good at running around and obsessed with fame and fortune. I have no reliable basis for the imperial examination. However, in ten years, I won the first prize three times, and my reputation is obvious to all, and my footprints reached the attendants. Outside the court, he associates with sages and serves the emperor in the court. At first, it was famous because of the article, and finally it was convicted because of the article, which is also appropriate.
Recently, I heard relatives and friends privately say that the Ministry of Ritual and the Ministry of Official Affairs hold examinations to praise talents, and they take the fu and judgment I took as the standard. The rest of the poems are often circulated in people's mouths. I feel ashamed and don't believe it. When I came to Chang 'an for the second time, I heard that the special envoy of the army wanted to hire a geisha. Geisha boasted, "I can sing Bai Xueshi's Song of Eternal Sorrow. How can I be like other geisha?" Therefore, it raises the price. The first step letter also said that when I arrived in Tongzhou, I saw my poems carved on the pillars of the riverside guest house. Who is it? When I passed by Hannan before, it happened that the host called a group of geisha to have fun for other guests. When geisha saw me coming, they winked at me and said, "This is Qin Zhongyin and the author of everlasting regret." From Chang 'an to Jiangxi, my poems are often inscribed in local schools, Buddhist temples, charities and boating, and civilians, monks, widows and unmarried girls always sing my poems. This is indeed a tiny branch, nothing to praise, but it is at this point that the current customs pay attention to it. Even the geniuses of the previous generation, such as Wang Bo and Yang Xiong, and the predecessors, such as Li Bai and Du Fu, noticed this.
The ancients said: "Name is a kind of possession in the world. Don't ask too much. " Who am I? I have gained enough fame. I want to gain realistic fame and wealth. If I become a creator myself, can I give both at the same time? It is natural that I am poor now. Besides, for poets like Chen Ziang and Du Fu, it is always difficult to do an ordinary job, and it is always difficult to die. Li Bai and Meng Haoran have never even sat in the lowest official position, and they are extremely poor all their lives. Recently, Meng Jiao turned 60 and finally tried to be Xie Lulang. Zhang Ji is 50 years old, and he has not surpassed a Taichang Temple. Who are these people? Who are they? Besides, my talent can't keep up with them. Now, although he has been demoted and transferred to a distant county to be the second officer in the left, his rank is still five grades, with a monthly salary of 40 thousand to 50 thousand, clothing in cold weather and food in hunger. In addition to self-reliance, I can support my family and live up to the ancestors of the White House. Tiny, please don't worry about me!
In the past few months, in the process of searching for letters, I have obtained old poems and new poems and classified them according to different types. Since ZuoYiShi, there have been 150 poems about beauty, which were written in the period from Wude to Yuanhe, with the title "New Yuefu", and are called satirical poems. Sometimes I go home alone after work, sometimes I quit my job and live in seclusion, satisfying my life, keeping my vitality, and reciting a hundred poems at will, which is called leisure poetry. There are also 100 poems that are touched by external things, arouse inner thoughts and feelings, and express them with sentimental singing. They are called sentimental poems, and there are five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains. More than 400 poems as short as 100 rhymes are called miscellaneous poems. A * * * fifteen volumes, about eight hundred songs. When we meet in the future, we will give it all to you.
In a word, the ancients said, "When you don't use it, you just need to cultivate yourself, and when you use it, it will benefit the world." Although I am not wise, I often take these two sentences as my teacher. A gentleman sticks to the road of sages and waits for the opportunity. At that time, it will be the dragon of clouds and the Peng of the wind, full of vitality and courage. Time waits for no man, it is a leopard in the deep mountains and a rainbow in the far sky, quietly leading away. Where do you go after retirement, but you don't enjoy yourself? Therefore, my ambition is to benefit the world, and my behavior only cares about self-cultivation. I have always pursued and implemented the road of sages, and I have expressed poetry in words. The so-called satirical poem expresses the ambition to benefit the world; The so-called leisure poetry expresses the idea of self-cultivation and self-cultivation So, after reading my poems, I know what I insist on as a saint. The rest of those miscellaneous poems, some caused by one thing, some inspired by a smile and a song, are all messy chapters, which I have never paid attention to in my life. They are only used to eliminate the pain of parting and increase the joy of gathering relatives and friends. Now when editing, the instinct is deleted. Someone will edit these poems for me in the future, just leave them out.
It is human nature to be modest, respect what you hear, despise what you see, admire the ancient and despise today. I can't go back to ancient news to prove this. Just like Wei Suzhou's songs in recent years, except brilliant and flowery words, they are very close to expressing irony in the way of rejuvenation. His five-character poems are superb, elegant, straight, serene and self-contained. Who can catch up with the author now? But when Wei Suzhou was alive, people didn't pay much attention. It was not until the poet died that people paid attention to his works. Now my poems, which people like, are nothing more than works under miscellaneous poems and everlasting regret songs. What customs value is what I despise. As for those satirical poems, it means that extreme poems are straightforward and leisurely poems are slow for quiet. Because it is straightforward and slow, people should not like it. It is only the first step to love my poems and live with me at the same time. However, after a thousand years, how do I know that no one likes the first step, and I understand and love my poems? Therefore, in the past eight or nine years, when I was an official with you, I always took poetry as a warning. Comfort each other with poems when they are dismissed. When I live alone, I comfort each other with poems. When I live together, I entertain each other with poems. Most of the things that intersect with me and condemn me are because of poetry!
For example, I traveled to the south of Chang 'an this spring, and I was having fun with you at that time, so we recited short stories separately, without other genres, and sang in turn from Prince Bei to Zhao's land, and the sound of poetry stretched for more than twenty miles. Even if Fan Zongxian and Li Jingxin are around, there is no way to interrupt. People who know me regard me as a poetic fairy, while those who don't know me regard me as a poetic demon. Why? Hard work, sound and gas consumption, day and night, I don't know how hard it is. If it's not magic, what is it? Accompanied by like-minded people, but also for the sake of beautiful scenery, sometimes after the feast in the flower season, sometimes under the moonlight, they drink happily, sing poems and sing songs to each other, forgetting that old age is coming, even if they drive cranes to visit the fairy mountain in Yingzhou, Penglai, that kind of happiness will not be higher than this. If not a fairy, what is it? In a small room, this is why you and I regard form as a foreign object, get rid of the traces of communication with laity, despise wealth and despise the world.
Just at this time, your heart is willing but unable, and you want to ask me for all my friends' poems, and choose the best ones, such as Zhang's Gu Yue Fu, Li Er X's New Songs, He's Second Secret Poems, Dou Qi's and Yuan Ba's quatrains, which are widely collected, carefully selected and carefully edited, and called Gui Shi. Gentlemen were overjoyed to learn that you were considering compiling their poems, and thought it was a great event. Alas! The plan didn't come true, you were demoted and transferred, and a few months later, I was demoted. I am not interested in temperament, and I will sigh for it when I finish writing.
I once told you that anyone who makes a fuss is selfish, thinks he is good, and is reluctant to delete it. Sometimes there are so many shortcomings that he can't tell the good from the bad. He must rely on his friends to make a fair evaluation, without tolerance, and discuss deletion in order to handle it properly in the future. Besides, I am particularly afraid that I will write a lot of articles at the first step, and I still think that all of them are problems, let alone others. Now edit the poem separately for the time being, roughly divide it into volumes, and when I meet you, everyone will take out their edited poems to fulfill their past wishes. However, I don't know when and where I can meet. What should I do if I die? Very few. Know my heart?
Xunyang is in the twelfth lunar month, and the river wind blows, feeling bitter and cold. There is basically nothing interesting at the end of the year and no sleep at night. Pick up the pen and spread out the paper, sit quietly in front of the lamp, write wherever you want, incoherent, please don't get tired of my complexity, and use it instead of overnight words for the time being. Very small, know my heart? Goodbye, Lott.