Tao Hongjing was an official worship of Yidu King at first, and later turned to serve the imperial court. This is a freelance job, and he regularly attends some court meetings. In the second year, Tao Hongjing resigned and retired to Maoshan.
There is a Jinling Cave in Maoshan, which is 150 Li long. Also known as Huayang Cave, Sanmao has a Confucian Temple, so people called it Maoshan at that time. Judging from the name of this cave, Tao Hongjing claimed to be a Huayang layman.
Since then, all books and articles recording him have used the title of Huayang lay man. Tao Hongjing lived in seclusion in Maoshan, just as the scholar-officials were proud of being able to participate in the virtues of the ancient sages, and Ge Hong held the wooden skin to keep the truth.
Tao Hongjing is not only good at music, but also likes writing books. There were many people who admired him among the gentry and people in the Jin Dynasty, and some of them came thousands of miles to pay their respects and seek the Tao.
Mr. Tao once said, "I have read less than 10,000 miscellaneous books other than self-cultivation, and at the same time, I have also read some books that cultivate immortality and become a Taoist." This is a small study. " Qi Gaozu asked Tao Hongjing, "Qing retired from Chunlin. What attracts you so much in the mountains? " Tao Hongjing wrote a poem to answer.
The poem says, "What's in the mountains? There are many white clouds on the ridge. I can only be self-indulgent and can't bear to send you. "
Qi Gaozu admired Tao Hongjing very much after reading the poem.
2. "History of the South. Seventy-six retired "Tao Hongjing, bright words, Danyang Moling people also have the beauty of mountains and rivers.
The mountain peaks soar into the sky and the streams are crystal clear. The stone walls on both sides are colorful and set each other off.
Green forests and bamboos are always ready. The morning mist will rest, and the apes and birds will sing; I want to be depressed at night.
It is really the fairy capital of desire. No one has been as amazing as Le Kang.
Notes after class: ① This article is selected from Quanliangwen, Volume 46, Zhonghua Book Company, 1983 edition. The original title is "Thanks for China's Book".
This article is an excerpt and the title was added by the editor. Xie Zhongshu refers to the author's friend Zheng Xie.
Chinese book, official name. The latter "book" refers to a letter, which is a part of the original letter.
Tao Hongjing (456~536), a thinker and physician in the Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, was born in Moling, Danyang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), and he wrote The Hermitage Collection of Yang Huatao. ② Intersection of five colors: Here, the stone wall is described as colorful.
Five colors, in ancient times, cyan, yellow, black, white and red were positive colors. Go hand in hand and complement each other.
③ Four seasons: Four seasons. Pet-name ruby all: all ④ Rest: dissipation.
The sun is setting: the sun is about to set. Autumn: Autumn.
⑥ Diving: Fish diving into the water compete to jump out of the water. Fish swimming in water with heavy scales.
⑦ Fairy tale capital of desire: paradise on earth. Desire world, Buddhism divides the world into desire world, * * *, without * * *.
Desire is the realm of all beings who have not got rid of secular desires, that is, the world. Xiandu, a beautiful world where immortals live.
⑧ Recreation: Xie Lingyun, a tour guide, a famous landscape poet, succeeded his grandfather and was named Duke of Recreation. He was a writer at the time of Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties.
Pet-name ruby and (y):. The beauty of mountains and rivers The beauty of mountains and rivers has existed since ancient times.
The mountain peaks soar into the sky and the streams are crystal clear. The stone walls on both sides are colorful and set each other off.
Green forests and bamboos are always ready. The morning mist will rest, and the apes and birds will sing; I want to be depressed at night.
It is really the fairy capital of desire. No one has been as amazing as Le Kang.
Notes after class: ① This article is selected from Volume 46 of History of Ancient Three Dynasties, Three Kingdoms, Qin and Han Dynasties, Six Dynasties and Liang Quan, Zhonghua Book Company, 1983 edition. The original title is "Thanks for China's Book".
This article is an excerpt and the title was added by the editor. Xie Zhongshu refers to the author's friend Zheng Xie.
Chinese book, official name. The latter "book" refers to a letter, which is a part of the original letter.
Tao Hongjing (456~536), a thinker and physician in the Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, was born in Moling, Danyang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), and he wrote The Hermitage Collection of Yang Huatao. ② Intersection of five colors: Here, the stone wall is described as colorful.
Five colors, in ancient times, cyan, yellow, black, white and red were positive colors. Go hand in hand and complement each other.
③ Four seasons: Four seasons. Pet-name ruby all: all ④ Rest: dissipation.
The sun is setting: the sun is about to set. Autumn: Autumn.
⑥ Diving: Fish diving into the water compete to jump out of the water. Fish swimming in water with heavy scales.
⑦ Fairy tale capital of desire: paradise on earth. Desire world, Buddhism divides the world into desire world, * * *, without * * *.
Desire is the realm of all beings who have not got rid of secular desires, that is, the world. Xiandu, a beautiful world where immortals live.
⑧ Recreation: Xie Lingyun, a tour guide, a famous landscape poet, succeeded his grandfather and was named Duke of Recreation. He was a writer at the time of Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties.
9 ginseng (y): ginseng. 1. The beauty of mountains and rivers is a topic discussed by ancient scholars. Towering peaks soar into the sky, and clear streams are endless. The stone walls on both sides of the river are blue, yellow, black, white and red, which complement each other. There are blue Woods and green bamboo forests everywhere. The fog in the morning is about to dissipate, and distant apes and birds are singing one after another. The sun is about to set, and the diving fish are scrambling to jump out of the water. This is really a fairyland on earth. Kasper? Lingyun, no one can stay in this wonderful landscape. The magnificence of mountains and rivers has been appreciated by people since ancient times.
The peaks here go straight into the sky, the clear streams are crystal clear, and the cliffs on both sides of the river complement each other in the sun. Cang Lin Cui Zhu, evergreen all the year round.
Every morning, the fog will ease in the morning, and apes can be heard whistling and birds singing; Every evening, when the sun sets, you can see fish jumping in the water. This is really a fairyland on earth! Kasper? Lingyun, no one can stay in this beautiful landscape.
The beauty of mountains and rivers has existed since ancient times. The peak is inserted into the sky, and the clear water sees the bottom.
Rock cliffs on both sides (under the sun) (on the top), with various colors staggered. Green forests and green bamboo forests can be found all year round.
In the morning, the fog will dissipate and apes and birds will sing together. In the evening, the sun is about to set, and all the fish swimming in the water are competing to jump (on the water).
It's a fairyland on earth Kasper? Lingyun, no more people can immerse themselves in this wonderful landscape.
At the beginning of the article, the author starts with people's attitudes and views on mountains and rivers: throughout the ages, no one has not praised mountains and rivers, especially those in the south of the Yangtze River, which are gentle, charming, delicate and elegant. Then it describes the landscape, stone walls, jungles, bamboo forests and the scenes in the morning and evening, expressing the author's admiration for the landscape.
Finally, the author lamented: After Xie Lingyun, who can enjoy such beautiful scenery? Looking around the world, all the noise is fame and fortune, and how many people can devote themselves to nature? A gloomy feeling, quietly revealed. The whole article is sixty-eight characters, with mountains and rivers, bamboo forests, misty clouds, apes and birds, metaphors, exaggerations, personification, positive descriptions and side descriptions ... endless fun and vitality.
Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties "Poetry is metaphysics, and writing style is parallel", which is unique. After reading it, I have no mortal heart, and my heart is clear.
This editor's feeling: the beauty of natural scenery itself constitutes a beautiful artistic conception. Writers arouse readers' interest with their unique artistic feelings and emotional language, thus forming the artistic conception of literary works. The beauty of mountains and rivers, the beauty of color matching, the beauty of change in the morning and evening, and the beauty of dynamic and static contrast interact to form a pleasing landscape painting.
The full text is only 68 words, which summarizes the ancient and modern times, including the four seasons, taking into account the morning and evening, mountains and rivers, Shui Mu, birds and animals, lyric comments and all kinds of things.
3. Tao Hongjing (AD 456-536), a classical Chinese translation of Biography of Southern History of Tao Hongjing, lived in seclusion in Huayang in his later years and was born in Moling County, Danyang County (now Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province).
When his mother dreamed that a dragon flew out of her arms, she saw two people coming to her house with censers in their hands, and then she got pregnant and gave birth to Tao Hongjing. But the dragon she saw had no tail and flew into the sky alone.
It is said that this indicates that Tao Hongjing will never get married or have children. Tao Hongjing has a distinct personality and ambition since he was a child.
At the age of six, he could understand the books he read and write articles. When I was seven years old, I read thousands of books, such as The Book of Filial Piety, Shi Mao and The Analects of Confucius.
Later, when he was ten years old, a fellow countryman got a copy of The Legend of Immortals written by Ge Hong in the Jin Dynasty. After seeing stories about immortals such as Eight Duke of Huainan, he sighed: "Reading this book will make people have the heart of high aspirations and the ambition to cultivate immortals and learn Taoism."
So he studied and explored the things in this book day and night, and made up his mind to cultivate immortality and learn Taoism. He once said to people, "If you look up at the blue sky, white clouds and the sun, you won't feel as far away as before."
When he grew up, he was seven feet four inches tall, handsome, beautiful in appearance, bright in eyes, wide in brow, long in ears and exquisite in figure. He has read more than 10,000 books, and is good at playing the piano and chess, cursive script and official script.
In March of the third year of Song's reign (AD 479), Qi Gaozu became prime minister. At that time, when he was only in his twenties, he was recommended as a "servant of the king" and was later awarded the official position of "Please serve the court" (you can attend court meetings regularly).
Although he lives under the door of power, he always hides himself, does not deal with outsiders, and only reads books every day. In the imperial court, most things about etiquette and laws are decided by him.
Tao Hongjing was originally a man who didn't want wealth and always wanted to resign and retire. He once said in a letter to relatives and friends: "I am no longer alive, but I am forty years old and determined to be a mountain."
Today is thirty-six, so I can't borrow ... "In the tenth year of Yongming (AD 492), he really asked the emperor to resign and abdicate. The emperor approved his request by imperial decree and gave him bundles of silk as a gift.
When he left, North Korean officials, officials and scholars had come to the Lu Zheng Pavilion to bid farewell to him, and set up many curtains for him and held a grand farewell banquet. There are too many cars and horses to go there, and they are crowded with each other, blocking the road.
People say that this has never happened since the Song and Qi Dynasties. People inside and outside the government feel that he is honored.
He lives in seclusion in Jurong County (now southwest Jiangsu, which spans Jurong, Jintan and other counties) and lives in Qushan. He often said: "At the foot of this mountain is the eighth cave palace, which is called the Huayang Day in Jintan and is surrounded by a border of 150 miles.
During the Han Dynasty, there were three armed forces (Mao Ying and his two younger brothers) in Xianyang. They were later in charge of this mountain, so they were also called Maoshan. "So he built a house halfway up the mountain, calling himself" Huayang lived in seclusion ".
At first, he learned from Sun Youyue in Dongyang County, such as Fu Lu and Tu Shuo, and Taoism. Later, he traveled all over the famous mountains in search of fairy medicine.
Whenever he passes through mountains and valleys, he will sit or lie down, recite poems and compose poems, and wander for a long time, and his excitement is hard to calm down. He especially likes the sound of Songtao lapping on the shore.
As soon as he heard Song Tao's bell, he couldn't help feeling happy. Sometimes he goes to mountain springs and rocks alone, and people who see him from afar think he is a fairy.
At that time, Shen Yue, a famous writer and historian in Southern Dynasties and the originator of China phonology, worked as a county magistrate in Dongyang County. Out of respect for his ambition and moral integrity, Shen Yue wrote several times to invite him to be an official, but he never accepted.
Liang Wudi once wrote to Tao Hongjing: "What's in the mountains?" The implication is that there is nothing in the mountains, so it is better to be an official and have everything. Tao Hongjing wrote "Ask all poems in the mountains": "What is in the mountains? There are many white clouds on the mountain.
It's a pity that white clouds can only be pleasing to the eye, but it's not easy to send them to you personally! "Cleverly expressed his unwillingness to be an official, disdaining the elegant ambition of interacting with people at that time. This poem is fluent, with plain language but profound connotation.
Since then, the poetry articles of later generations have linked Baiyun and hermits more closely. White clouds wander, come and go without a trace, free and unimpeded, like elegant hermits.
On another occasion, when Liang Wudi asked him to be an official, he simply drew two cows, one walking freely in the grass and the other wearing a golden halter, led by a rope and driven by a stick. Liang Wudi also smiled, knowing that he would never come out to be an official, and dismissed the idea of forcing him to be an official.
In the early years of Yongyuan (AD 499-500), a three-story residence was built in Tao Hongjing. He lives on the upper floor, his disciples live on the middle floor, and the visiting guests live on the lower floor.
Since then, he has been isolated from the world, leaving only one servant to wait on him. Zhai was in prison for four years (AD 505), and he moved to live.
Liang Wudi Xiao Yan used to have a good friendship with him. After he ascended the throne, he was even more blessed. Letters kept coming, up to several letters a month, and envoys or officials were often sent to visit him, and gifts were often given to him. Whenever the country encounters good or ill luck, conquering and other major events, it will send people to consult him, so people at that time called him "the prime minister in the mountains."
Tao Hongjing is modest and prudent, reasonable but not rigid, and naturally conforms to etiquette whether he is in office or in seclusion. His mind is as clear as a mirror, and he can know everything at once.
The way he speaks is not complicated, and if he says it, he can immediately detect it. He is naturally fond of writing books, advocating strangeness and cherishing natural scenery. The older you get, the deeper you love.
Especially good at yin and yang, five elements, wind angle (good or bad depends on the wind with five tones occupying four directions), astrology, mountain geography, four-way products and traditional Chinese medicine. The Emperor's Calendar, written by him, once created a confusing phenomenon, saying that it was "necessary for monasticism, not just historians".
Tao Hongjing biography (1) Tao Hongjing word is bright, Linglin Danyang people also. Teenagers have different exercises. At the age of four or five, they always draw gray middle school books with harvest as the pen.
And the dragon, after reading more than 10 thousand volumes, knows nothing, and I feel very ashamed. Not weak.
4. The translation of the classical Chinese "Zhai Ruwen" is urgent. Zhai Ruwen, whose name is Gong Xun, was born in Danyang, Runzhou in the Song Dynasty. Ning was born in an official family in nine years. Zhai Ruwen's father, Zhai Si, moved from Kaifeng to Danyang. He was tired of being an official, a censor and living in Lang, and knew that Yuezhou should be rich. Zhai Ruwen was smart and studious since childhood, and studied Confucianism in Han and Song Dynasties with his father. Zhai Ruwen, a teenager, can write splendid articles and good characters of dragons and phoenixes, and is famous for his "outstanding demeanor and good elegance". In the year of Fu Yuanyuan, he bid farewell to his parents, left his hometown, traveled all the way to Beijing to catch the exam, and was admitted to Jinshi in one fell swoop. He was 22 years old that year. Zhai Ruwen was filial and served his parents in Danyang for ten years on the grounds of "supporting the aged".
At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the country was in danger, and the court urgently needed talents to help the world. During the Daguan period, the courtiers recommended Zhai Ruwen to be an official in the DPRK and to discuss the editorial officer of the Ritual Department. Song Huizong Evonne has long heard about Zhai Ruwen's outstanding talent. After being "ready to come out", he felt that his talent was really superior. After some praise, he was awarded the position of secretary lang. After Suzhou tax supervisor, I called the writer out and moved to the living room. He lectured for the Crown Prince, except for the Chinese book Sheren. Later, he was released to Xiangzhou, Jeju, Zhou Miao, Chen Zhou and other places because someone said that he "swam from Su Shi and Huang Tingjian and should not be praised as a book". When he was an official in various places, he regarded the people as his parents, was honest and clean, and often visited incognito and observed the people's feelings. For the disaster-stricken areas, the imperial court is often asked to reduce taxes. Therefore, it is deeply respected and loved by the local people, and is called the character in the book of worship. The court ordered fellow initiates to hand over the history of philosophy to the Ministry.
Zhai Ruwen detests evil as hatred. During the reign of Hui Zong, the chamberlain Liang Shi became a thief and a thief. He was overbearing, occupying people's cemeteries and building his own gardens. People in Beijing call it "the hidden phase". Zhai Ruwen hated his guts and repeatedly impeached him, but Liang Shicheng instigated the Prime Minister to demote Zhai Ruwen to Xuanzhou. However, this incident did not change Zhai Ruwen's upright and upright character. On the contrary, it aroused his extreme contempt and disgust for despots and state wrongdoers. Mizhou suffers from seafood salt. When he saw Cai Jing's "frequent salt changes" and wanted to "pay tribute to the ox", he felt that Cai Jing's reform did not conform to the "law of ancestors" and that "the ox lost its yellow color and needed to die", so it was rejected by the court. Song Qinzong acceded to the throne, called the Hanlin Bachelor, renamed Xiumo College Bachelor, knowing Yuezhou and Zhedong Peace Envoy.
In the spring of Song Gaozong's advice for three years, the nomads from the army went south and took Yangzhou. Emperor Zhao Gou of the Emperor Gaozong crossed the river in panic and continued to flee south, and the Central Plains and Jiangbei areas were completely lost. Zhai Ruwen and his colleagues are on their way to the south. He witnessed a large number of people fleeing from the north being displaced and living a miserable life, and they were all very sad. Over the past year or so, the imperial court has been shrouded in a dark cloud of surrender and discussion, and Li Gang, the prime minister who opposed discussion and discussion, was removed from office. Chen Dong, a good friend and fellow countryman of Bianjing who advocated the Northern Expedition, was killed. Zong Ze, who promoted Yue Fei to the rank of general and repeatedly defeated Jin Bing, died of grief and indignation ... This shocking tragedy did not make Zhai Ruwen lose all his heroism. He turned grief and indignation into an immortal ambition of revival, and looked forward to one day, dressed in military uniform, galloping across the country and marching north, "wanting to hold the Tianhe River and wash the blood of the Central Plains"!
In August of the first year of Shaoxing, Zhai Ruwen was called as a bachelor and assistant lecturer of Hanlin, in addition to participating in and discussing state affairs and promoting the political situation. One day in April of the following year, the news that the capital was moved to Bianjing came from the north, which shocked the ruling and opposition parties. Zhai Ruwen expressed strong dissatisfaction with the court's kneeling.
When Zhai Ruwen was in Mizhou, Qin Gui was a county literature, and Zhai Ruwen once recommended his talents to the court. However, when Qin Gui arrived at the imperial court, he cultivated his henchmen and formed a clique for personal gain, which Zhai Ruwen didn't like very much. In June of the second year of Shaoxing, Qin Gui and Zhai Ruwen had a discussion under the same roof. They had an argument when it came to employing people. Qin Gui auction accused Zhai Ruwen of being "crazy". Zhai Ruwen described by Qin Gui is straightforward and indomitable. He immediately responded: "Turbid gas!" So we offended Qin Gui. Qin Gui played the slanderer Zhao Gou, saying that Zhai Ruwen was "good at governing officials privately, hurting the state system, and could not be implemented". Zhai Ruwen did not show weakness, trying to explain his reasons, bluntly saying that Qin Gui "planted henchmen privately, damaging benevolence" and "begged for the treatment of officials who took bribes". Qin Gui was so angry that he impeached Zhai Ruwen as an "expert". You are different from the Chief Executive, so how can you help the country? Soon, Zhai Ruwen was forced to leave. It can be seen that Zhai Ruwen is a good minister who hates evil and has a strong personality!
Zhai Ruwen is a "demeanor leader, good at ancient Boya" and good at painting and calligraphy. Being friends with Su Shi and Huang Tingjian, his calligraphy was influenced by Su Shi and Huang to some extent, forming his own calm, vigorous and bold artistic style.
Zhai Ruwen's calligraphy works include running script, post and so on. Among them, "Fu Xuan Post" is included in Volume 36 of "Fa Tie, Baodi, Shiqu, Sanxi Hall", which was carved by the Mole in the 12th year of Qianlong, with a total of 14 lines and 106 characters. In this article, Zhai Ru's literary work Su Shi's brushwork is very similar to perilla. Throughout, "Charm hides strength, Gu Zhuo is graceful and restrained", which fully shows the artistic characteristics of perilla "iron wrapped in cotton, clever and subtle".
Zhai Ruwen wrote a lot in his life, and later called it "the legacy of Ning and Yuan Zhan". He is also familiar with the pre-Qin history, Han history, and the ritual vessels and manners in Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. During his three-year political career, he once "played a new style and revised the Three Rites Map to show future generations", but it didn't come true. In addition to 50 volumes of General History of the Eastern Han Dynasty, his works published worldwide include 5 volumes of Early Childhood Studies, 3 volumes of Wenguang, 5 volumes of People and 30 volumes of Zhong Hui Ji.
In the eleventh year of Shaoxing (1 14 1), Zhai Ruwen died quietly with a lot of grievances and unfulfilled wishes. His master took away "loyalty" privately and buried his body in Jiuling Mountain, Danyang.
5. 1, what does "young and weak" mean in classical Chinese? 1, the general meaning of this word seems inexplicable, and it is estimated to be understood as the general word "Ji". 2. The first one is an adverbial, indicating the purpose, so the second one indicates the modification relationship, indicating the sequential connection. Qian ao followed him and apologized to the poor man. The third said no, and then he starved to death. Straight means intentional, not upside down, which translates as "dawn in five days." Since it is himself, it means to be apart. There are (probably) five or six people hiding in the trees by the roadside. The panic has subsided a little. In my opinion, this means causality, which translates as "therefore" and "therefore". If you have to choose between what you say, you should choose to obey. 6.South should be a noun adverbial, which means looking south, and looking south means looking south.