Kaibaozang
Kaibaozang
In the fourth year of Kaibaozang (971), Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty ordered Zhang Congxin to go to Yizhou (now Chengdu, Sichuan) to carve the entire collection of Buddhist scriptures. It was completed in the eighth year of Emperor Taizong's reign of peace and rejuvenation of the country (983). Because it was first engraved at the time of Kaibao, later generations called it "Kaibao". Basic introduction Chinese name: Kaibaobao Collection location: National Library Era: From the fourth year of Kaibao by Taizu of the Song Dynasty (971) to the eighth year of Taiping and Xingguo by Emperor Taizong (983). "Kaibaobao" has completed 130,000 engravings and is included in "Kaiyuan Buddhist Records" The Tibetan Sutra is the original version, with a total of 480 volumes and 5048 volumes. It is in scroll format, with 23 lines per edition and 14 characters per line. The sutra title, edition number, number, etc. are engraved at the beginning of the edition. At the end of the volume there are inscriptions of the year, month, stems and branches. . The first engraved version of the entire Tibetan collection was introduced to Japan from Japan's Samana Enran in the first year of Yongxi's reign (984) in the Northern Song Dynasty. Since then, it has undergone three relatively important revisions and revisions, and the new translations of the Song Dynasty and the collection of "Zhenyuan Buddhist Records" have been added to the collection, forming three different versions: ① Xianping revised version. The revised version from the second year of Duangong (989) to Xianping (998-1003) in the Northern Song Dynasty; ②Tianxi revised version. The revised version was revised in the early years of Tianxi (1017~1021) of the Northern Song Dynasty and was introduced to Khitan and Goryeo in the first year of Qianxing (1022); ③Xining revised version. The revised version in the fourth year of Xining (1071) in the Northern Song Dynasty was introduced to Goryeo in the sixth year of Yuanfeng (1083). After Xining, new translations were added one after another. By the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the number had accumulated to 653 volumes and more than 6628 volumes, and 173 volumes and more than 1580 volumes had been added. Later editions were sent to Bianjing for storage. Most of the fragments of the Dazang available today were printed during the Chongning and Daguan periods (1102-1110). There may be a seal printed by Zhongshu at the back of the volume, which proves that the edition was in Bianjing. During the Jingkang Incident (1127), they were all looted by the Jin people. "Open Treasures" is famous for its elegant and rigorous calligraphy and excellent carvings. Several existing volumes were carved during the Kaibao period and printed on jute paper used for official documents in the Song Dynasty. They are among the finest editions of the Song Dynasty. The collection of publications in the Northern Song Dynasty began with the opening of treasures, which was also the beginning of the entire collection of Buddhist classics printed in China. The entire collection of "Open Treasures" has not been published for a long time. The remaining fragments are all printed on hard yellow paper and bound in scrolls. Each volume has different lines. There are only a few remaining fragments of the scroll, which are extremely precious. It is said that there were zero pieces of "Kai Baobao" in Qinglian Temple, Taiyuan Temple and other places in Shaanxi Province, but they have yet to be visited. The zero volumes we have seen are listed as follows: ① "Za Agama Sutra", there are two volumes, three and thirty-nine, in the 7th year of Kaibao. Each edition has 22 lines and 17 characters. After volume 30, there is " The sculpture was made in the Jiaxu year of the seventh year of Kaibao in the Song Dynasty, and Liu Weide, the internal servant of the province and Huangmen Gou, was in charge of the Sutra Printing Institute. There are 3 lines of inscriptions; ② "Buddha said that Awei Yue Zhizhi Sutra" is preserved in the first volume. It was carved in the second year of Daguan in the sixth year of Kaibao. Printed version, each edition has 22 lines, 17 characters per line. There are 2 lines at the end of the volume: "Lu Yong was carved and built at the age of Guiyou, the sixth year of Kaibao in the Song Dynasty", and a wooden note and 3 lines of text: "Xining, Xinhai, Zhongqiu, early October, Zhongshuzi" By imperial edict, the Tripitaka tablets were given to the Shengshou Chanyuan of Xiansheng Monastery to be printed with Tiha and other Gouyin Sutras. ③ Dabao Ji Sutra, one volume is preserved, Volume 111. The National Library has collected it from private sources since October 2007. This is the most important rare ancient book collected by the National Library in recent years. The differences between it and the popular version of the Mahabharami Sutra provide new and important physical evidence for the study of my country's first engraving of the Buddhist Tripitaka. The above four volumes are now in the collection of the National Library. ④"Dafang et al. Collection of Sutras", 43 volumes in existence, engraved in the sixth year of Kaibao, each edition has 23 lines and 14 characters. This scroll was collected by Ye Gongchuo and is now in the Shanghai Library; ⑤The Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra, 260 volumes in existence, printed in the third year of Yuanfu (1100) in the fifth year of Kaibao, 23 lines per edition, line 14 The first part is broken, and at the end of the volume there is the line "The Lu Yongyin was carved and built at the age of Renshen in the fifth year of the Kaibao period of the Song Dynasty", and the line "The Emperor Song Yuanfu's third year in the Song Dynasty when he ascended Jue'an was celebrated on August 4th in Gengchen". . Now stored in Shanxi Provincial Museum. ⑥The Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra is preserved in volume 581, now in the possession of the Chinese Buddhist Association; ⑦The Lotus Sutra is preserved in volume 7, and the Great Cloud Sutra is preserved in the 64th volume, the above 2 volumes It is now housed in the Cultural Museum of Gaoping County, Shanxi Province.