Baishou Town, Yongfu County, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is located about 90 kilometers south of Guilin City. There is a natural cave under Shouxing Mountain (also known as Gezu Mountain and Duihe Mountain) in the northeast of town 1 km. The cave is10m high and17m wide. It was called "Fuziyan" in ancient times, and now it is called "Baishouyan". There are many ancient stone carvings in the rocks, among which the largest stone carving, Hundred Days Map, is known as a "national treasure" and has long been famous at home and abroad. It has been listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in the autonomous region and included in the book China Dictionary of Places of Interest.
Since the Song Dynasty, The Outline of a Hundred Days of Birth has been widely praised as a rare treasure. Especially in the Southern Song Dynasty, the workshop devoted to rubbing and mounting the Hundred Years Map lasted for a long time. Palace dignitaries, scholarly families and ordinary people are all proud of having a "century-old picture scroll". Hanging in the hall was full of people, and guests rushed to watch! In ancient times, businessmen who traveled far or across the ocean regarded the "longevity map" as a treasure to protect their own safety!
According to legend, there was a cinnabar well in front of Baishouyan in ancient times, and the well water was sweet and cool. There are often a pair of chubby children who are white and have been changed by the first bird essence in the Millennium. Father Liao and his family who live here often eat this well water. Liao 150 began to die, and hundreds of people in his family lived for a long time.
Later, a corrupt official heard about it and tried to live forever. I often eat this well water, and I ordered people to dig out the "first living bird" and cook it. Only to die! The cinnabar essence also dried up and disappeared. Future generations will no longer need such a longevity prescription, and everyone will sigh for it. Therefore, someone once made a couplet in front of Guanyin Temple in the rock:
Once upon a time, I couldn't find the clear water and sand!
There is no fairy in Shouyan, and today I am in the green hills and trees. I am late!
In the second year of Song Shaoding (A.D. 1229), Wei Shi, then the magistrate of Yongning County, felt this and wrote this big birthday word on the day of celebrating his birthday, and invited hundreds of long-lived old people in the county to write a small birthday word. He personally arranged it, wrote it with the strokes of the big birthday characters over the years, and then hired famous craftsmen to carve it on the stone wall in the rock, which became today's "hundred-year map."
The Hundred Days Map is175cm high and148cm wide. The strokes of the whole font are very compact and vigorous. It is regular script, but it is different from regular script. But more solemn, simple and mellow. Its hook is like a dew front, and its tip is like a peach. It is neither regular script nor official script, but it looks like regular script, official script and cursive script. However, flawless, flawless, impeccable!
The characters 100 in "Hundred Years Old Picture" have their own merits, different fonts and no similarities. Among them are Kai, Li, Zhuan, Xing, Cao and Oracle Bone Inscriptions. All-encompassing, the source of style also shows the little beast next to it. Among them, the dynasties were Shang and Han. According to geographical points (called country names in ancient times), there are Qili, Yan Shu, Xixia Shu Tai, etc. As far as fonts are concerned, there are easy to pass,, and Shu. As far as calligraphers are concerned, there are Cheng Miao, Huai Su, Yu (Shinan), Cai (Xiang), Xiao Wang (Dedication) and Wang Xizhi's "Changing Goose Classic" style and so on. There are also words such as tadpole, star, fire, tree, dragon, phoenix and treasure. There are corals, ivory, rhinoceros horn, pearls, bear's paw, jade laurel and so on in the "cornucopia" with peach-shaped tips, which are vivid and dazzling.
In the Hundred Years Map, we can also see the profoundness of China culture, which is the absorption and compatibility of minority culture, foreign culture and religious culture. The "Jade Emperor Astronomy" and "Seal of God" in the picture are quite legendary. Baoyi in Yaochi, Buddhist Books in Li Si and Brahma Books in the West all have a strong Buddhist flavor. Shu Tai in Xixia embodies the blending of Han culture and minority culture, while Zhang Fei Fu, Biography of Ji Huang, Letter of Huang Qingjun, Li Xuan and Died in Jun Yu show the charm of Taoism. In the cornucopia, corals, pearls and ivory can also vaguely see the historical track of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. In the inscription of Hundred Days Map, some unknown ancient calligraphers such as Xu Baigong, Pope Xu, Zheng Shangshu, Gao Jiaxian, Mrs. Qi and Mrs. Hua Kui can all be called famous calligraphers. Unfortunately, the vast sea of books is hard to find. Especially the ancient female calligraphers in China, except for a few names in Hundred Days Map, are rarely seen at home and abroad.
Excerpted from the Hometown of Longevity Lijiang Publishing House
Baishoutu
Author: Liang Xicheng
The greatest pursuit of life is "longevity and happiness". The world is big, and there is no wonder. However, it is rare to occupy this "long life". However, Yongfu people have taken away this "blessing" and "longevity". "Fu" is a calligraphy stone carving on the top of Fengshan in the county, and "Shou" is a century-old picture famous at home and abroad.
"Map of Bai Shou" comes from "Skinny Rock" in Baishou Town, Yongfu County. Go west along the Gui (Lin)-Rong (An) Highway, cross the majestic Aoshan Mountain, along the winding and beautiful banks of the Longjiang River, and cross the ever-changing Santai Mountain. You will suddenly see green fields, rivers, green peaks and bustling streets. This is the ancient city Yongning House-the seat of today's Baishou Town. On the bank of Dongjiang River in the ancient city, a hill crosses the vast mountains, like a galloping black dragon, and suddenly stops castration on the roadside. The locals gave it an obscure name-Duihe Mountain. The mountain is not very high, but it is magnificent, with rugged rocks, steep rocks and towering cliffs. The Cycas on the mountain broke through the rocks, cascading luxuriantly and full of vitality. If it clears up after the rain, the green hills will be beautiful, and the clouds will steam and glow, which will be spectacular. In the northwest of this picturesque hill, kudzu vine is like a curtain, and the cave is wide open-this is the "skinny rock". There is a clear spring at the foot of the mountain, which is clear and moist and named Dansha well. Climbing up the stairs, I found Dan hanging to welcome guests and Dai Zhu making out. Every Mid-Autumn Festival, the fragrance curled up and secreted people's hearts and lungs. A hundred paces away, in a blink of an eye, I reached the secluded place of Lingyan. This rock is more than three feet high, five feet wide and four feet deep. Legend has it that there was a dragon lying in the rock, Pangu opened the sky, and a loud noise broke the dragon's dream, split the abode of fairies and immortals and flew away, leaving a "dragon bed". Probably the former residence of the dragon. The cave is secluded and dusty, and there is no heat in summer; Moss is moist and stalactites are beautiful. Whenever tourists come here, they feel relaxed and happy and forget all the insults.
According to historical records, in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the ancestor Ge Hongyun swam here and was intoxicated by the beautiful scenery, so he rested in this cave, absorbed the mountain spring every day, refined the elixir at night, wrote a book, and never returned for many years. So this mountain is called Gezu Mountain, the spring water is called Dansha Well, the vines hanging like curtains for climbing are called kudzu vine, and this rock is called Fuziyan.
There are many stone carvings in the rock, including notes, biographies, inscriptions, poems and titles. Auspicious words, aphorisms, etc. , are Zhu now stay, lived in the past dynasties. There is a famous word "Ningshou" written by Zhao, a great calligrapher in Yuan Dynasty, and a poem by a general in Ming Dynasty to suppress the peasant uprising of Zhuang nationality. Among many stone carvings, the word "Shou" carved by Wei Shi (A.D. 1229), a magistrate of the Southern Song Dynasty, is the most striking, with a height of 175 cm and a width of 145 cm, hanging from the top wall of the rock, bold brushwork and exquisite carving, which can be called the carving system of the Song Dynasty. In the strokes of Chinese characters, there are 100 small birthday characters embedded, which means longevity 100 years old or older. The orthography, cursive script, official script and seal script of Little Beast are all different. There are hundreds of words, and the source of style is indicated next to each word. The word "thin man" is too small and seamless, and its wonders are endless, which is really unique in the world. The day of the Eighth World Congress is "Hundred Days of Life".
There are several theories about the origin of "Hundred Days Map".
First, Bao Puzi said, "A few people can eat and drink for a long time in the well of Fudan in Liao." There are also records of clouds in Yongning County Records; "Yongning people in Liaofu, according to legend, have a Dansha well, and those who drink this well are over 100 years old." It is also recorded in Geographical Records and Guangzhi. These records all originated from a folklore: in ancient times, the Liao family built a house, lived in front of rocks and drank water from the Dansha well every day. All of them were pregnant, lived 100 years old, Liao Fu himself 158 years old, and became immortal. Wei Shi, a magistrate of a county, felt this legend, happily wrote down the word "birthday", collected ancient books and extensively solicited quotations, and made a "centenary picture", which was completed many years later, and invited craftsman Wang Yun to carve it on the rock.
Secondly, according to legend, in the Southern Song Dynasty, the people in the east of Guxian (now Baishou Town) were repeatedly involved in lawsuits because of water and land, and their officials could not be broken for decades. After taking office, Wei Shi, the magistrate of a county, led a group of officers to the village to find the old man to understand the situation. An old man, about 50 years old, came and asked about irrigation. The old man said, "I don't know about this. Ask my father." Wei Shi invited his 80-year-old father to inquire about the lawsuit in Tianshui. He replied, "I'm not sure. Please listen to my father." Wei Shi hurriedly invited his father, even the white-haired man was late. Asked about the reason for Tianshui's lawsuit, the old man still answered. You have to ask my father about this. Wei Shi asked in surprise, "Is there no respect for the elderly?" The old man replied, "Of course." Wei Shi led people to the door to urge them. Entering Sanlian Caotang, I saw an old man sitting in front of the hall, with a handsome face and a hair in his forties. So Ni Shui's lawsuit came to an end. Afterwards, Wei Shi visited again, only to know that every household in the village has elderly people over 100 years old. They work hard and have no worries about food and clothing. Wei Shi was so impressed by this that he called the local elders of Fuziyan to find out the secret of his longevity. Item * * * took Fuze Township, Zishu, and invited craftsmen to carve a "longevity map" on the rock wall.
Thirdly, according to legend, there was a magistrate named Gordon in the Song Dynasty, who was the smartest person and always wanted to live forever. That year, the Lantern Festival was a beautiful book. Kochi Prefecture was looking at the lights in front of the building and saw a pair of fat and naked children playing in the crowd, with a flash looming overhead. Kochi Prefecture was very different, and sent people to arrest and interrogate. I sent someone to look around, but I didn't catch it, but I saw two blue lights flying out of the east gate. Kochi Prefecture was busy searching for people, but at the foot of Gezu Mountain across the river, the two flashes disappeared at the edge of Dansha well. The police rushed to report that Gordon had been up all night. Thinking about it, I thought of the two white and fat children in the Dansha Sutra who were transformed by spiritual bodies. So the next morning, I took people to Dansha well and ordered people to set up a water truck to dry the well water. At the bottom of the well, I saw a green slate. I opened it and saw that it was a pair of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. It was as thick as a wrist, and now it is a human. Kochi was overjoyed. When he got back to the office, he ordered the cook to clean the cooker and steam it. I didn't know that the chef was also a greedy person. He steamed Polygonum multiflorum, then secretly poured out the original soup and sent it to Kochi Prefecture with clear water. When the cook came back to steal Polygonum multiflorum soup, he saw a wild cat stepping on the soup bowl, and all Polygonum multiflorum soup was poured into the kitchen ash. Since Kochi Prefecture dug up Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, Jing Quan has dried up and suffered from famine for years. Kochi Prefecture failed to become an immortal, but lost his job. Later, Wei Shi succeeded to the ancient county, and he was deeply worried because of frequent disasters and restless places. I had a dream at night that a group of old people were crying and complaining to him. Wei Shi hurriedly asked him why, and the old man said, "We are local centenarians. Because Gordon, the former county magistrate, dug up the Millennium spirit root of Dansha well, which led to famine in various places, the people could not make a living and the place was restless. Today, adults are specially invited to be masters of the country, to promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages, to strengthen the spiritual roots, to appease the local areas, and to benefit the countryside, so that the people are fortunate. " Wei Shi quickly asked what method could be used: the elders asked, "We would like to donate a small sum of money to make a centenary portrait, and ask the adults to carve it on the edge of Danshajing, so that the place will be peaceful." Wei Shi studied the dream after he woke up, that is to say, he sent people to four villages to look for it. Sure enough, he visited 100 elders, and everyone donated a birthday word, which was different. Wei Shi chose Yu Dan, a craftsman.
Although the above legends are different, one thing is the same, that is, the "longevity map" is still composed of the wisdom of all people in the history of a county. For 800 years, Hundred Days Map has been widely known as a rare treasure. Although the traffic in ancient times was extremely blocked, dignitaries and poets in previous dynasties still competed for sightseeing. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, there have been workshops dedicated to rubbinging the Hundred Days Map in all previous dynasties. Courtiers, dignitaries, scholars and officials, once they got the "Hundred Years Map" and hung it in nave, were immediately crowded with people and guests. People who are far away in business or wandering at sea regard the "Hundred Days Map" as a treasure to protect their own safety. According to legend, when Zheng He went to the Western Ocean in the Ming Dynasty, he was caught in a sudden storm, and his oar broke and his mast broke. At the critical moment, Russia saw an old man with a dragon bell on his back, steadying the bow and sailing forward against the wind and waves. Zheng He urged the others on board to go with him. Soon the sea calmed down and the old man suddenly began to look for it. It turns out that the sailors on the ship have a centenary map, which is considered as a symbol of centenary. "Yongning Zhouzhi" contains a day: "Scholar-officials expanded it and recorded various lines with extraordinary methods, which can help Zhenjiang Lake to take the wind and waves and have many strange observations" and so on.
The Hundred Years Map has always been a good gift for people to celebrate their birthdays. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the "Baishoutu" workshop flourished for a long time. A piece of cinnabar rubbings "Bai Shou Tu" can be worth "Yang Long ten yuan, rice and five stones". During the Qianlong period, Yuan Guangwei in Yongning period, for the birthday of his teacher Shangshu, once hired someone to make a refined quilt with 200 Yang Long, which is a "century-old painting" of flying gold. In the Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek celebrated his 50th birthday, and Huang Xuchu, chairman of the Guangxi Department, ordered a picture of the centenary to be mounted as a birthday present for Chiang Kai-shek. It is said that this exquisite "centennial map" was later presented as a gift from the government to celebrate the birthday of Queen Elizabeth. Although the author has not studied this matter in detail, the influence of "Hundred Days Map" is quite great overseas, especially in Japan, Southeast Asia and even Europe and America. Many overseas Chinese regard the "Centennial Map" as a national cultural treasure and a family heirloom.
The reason why "Hundred Days Map" has become a place of interest admired by the world lies in its unique artistic value. Song dynasty sculpture. The Hundred Years Picture is a treasure in China's ancient calligraphy and rubbings. The word "big birthday" in "Hundred Years Map" is a combination of four laws: positive, seal, official and official. Its structure is block letters, but calligraphy is the official seal. The vertical goose head and dovetail fork of the hook are official, and the tip is peach-shaped, which is actually an official seal. The combination of the four methods is impeccable, unique, natural, more solemn, simple and mellow, and it is a rare masterpiece. One hundred small shouyu, embedded in the strokes of the big birthday, are even more colorful. As far as the types of words are concerned. There are Gao Ding, Zhou Ding, Ding Han, Lu Chuan, Yan Wen, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Jin Wen and Shu Tong. As far as calligraphers are concerned, there are Cheng Miao, Huai Suo, Yu (Shinan), Cai (Xiang), Xiao Wang (Xian) and Wang Xizhi's The Book of Changing Goose, which almost covers all kinds of calligraphy styles of famous calligraphers before the Song Dynasty. In a sense, The Hundred Years Map is also an evolution map of China's writing and calligraphy history, which can be regarded as a microcosm of the history of Chinese civilization.
Pictograph is the earliest method of Chinese characters creation in China, and the legendary "Cangjie" character creation evolved from the initial "circle" to characters. This can also be seen in the Hundred Years Map, in which "fire" is like a burning flame, "tree" is like a vast forest, "phoenix" dances like Cai Feng, and "hydrology" is full of twists and turns. There are also Long Wen, Xiang Zhuan, Lion Wen, Xingwen Capital, Kewen Capital, Cao Zhiwen, Shi Wen, Liu Wen, Ju Baowen, etc., all of which have both form and spirit, and come to the fore, making people appreciate Chinese characters better while watching.
The development of China's national culture is a process of constantly absorbing and accommodating foreign cultures and religious cultures. It is this phenomenon of absorption and compatibility that makes China culture more profound. One Hundred Years of Life is a rare proof of this cultural phenomenon. The "Jade Emperor Astronomy" and "Seal of God" in the circle are quite legendary. Baoyi in Yaochi, Li Si Buddhist Scriptures and Xisanskrit Scriptures are full of Buddhist colors: Xixia Shu Tai embodies the blending of Chinese culture and minority culture; However, Fei Zhangfu, Biography of Ji Huang, Letter of Huang Qingjun, Li Xuan and Death of Di Jun Yu also reveal the charm of Taoism: coral, pearls, ivory, rhinoceros horn, jade laurel and agate aggregated by the cornucopia can vaguely see the historical track of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, and we can still hear the distant history of the fleet that sailed to the West for seven times.
The inscriptions on the Hundred Days Map include Xu Baigong, Xu, Zheng Shangshu, Gao Jiaxian and Mrs. Jie. Empress Wu, Lady Huakui, and other unknown ancient calligraphers. Judging from their works, they are all written by famous teachers, and some of them can even be listed as a generation of famous teachers to open schools. Unfortunately, the sea of books is vast and the traces are hard to find: especially the ancient female calligraphers, it is even harder to go down in history. These calligraphers may never be known if they are not recorded in the Hundred Days Map. Visible, "Hundred Days Map" is really a precious file of China calligraphy history.
The above is only the author's superficial impression of the treasure of Chinese painting "Hundred Days Map", far from understanding its profound cultural and historical essence. As far as its unique research value is concerned, it is like a small "solar system". No wonder sinologists all over the world regard it as valuable information.
In the past 800 years, the "centennial map" has also experienced hardships. There are also many stories of treasure thieves and protectors among the people, and there are also many funny farce in history in which Xiao Xiaozhi wants to borrow treasures to pass on his throne. In the "ten-year turmoil", the "hundred-year map" was unlucky again. The Millennium banyan tree climbing on the top of the rock in the shape of a giant umbrella was cut off by ruthless knives and axes, and the stalactite Putuo in the rock was also cut off. Skin "went to the head and arm, dazzling jade bamboo shoots were smashed by the sledgehammer of" breaking the capitalism ",and the" Dansha well "under the rock was filled into" Dazhaitian field ". At that time, a group of people with red armbands came from other places. The Hundred Years Map is a feudal product and should be smashed. The local people heard that overnight, the rocks were filled with filthy pig dung, which made the red armbands avoid it. Thanks to the resourcefulness of the centenarians, they cleverly stopped the sabotage activities of fools, so that the "longevity map" saved the day in the fire robbery and turned good luck into good luck. Now, the ancient seal rock has reappeared its artistic brilliance that will never be plundered and honed.
Ah, it was the people on this shore who created the longevity map, a treasure of the Chinese nation, and the longevity map also faithfully blessed the hardworking, simple and kind people on this shore. Walking around the town, old women with white hair and silver hair can be seen everywhere. Xin people say that there are still five or six centenarians living in this town today, and a 108-year-old can still choose the market. There are three elderly people in their nineties and more than a dozen elderly people in their eighties living in Yili long street of Yongning ancient city. It seems that the ten-day discourse of "seventy years old is rare" doesn't work here.
Standing in front of the stone platform under the "Hundred Years Map", you will definitely find that the green hills are like Dai, the green waters are like blue, the land of thousands of acres is blue, and the forests and bamboos are reflected in the villages. Ah, what a superior natural ecological environment, what an enviable land of Yu Zhong, and what a state of civilization and etiquette. This is a bigger and more beautiful "longevity map".
Brief introduction of the author
Liang Xicheng, pen names Li Yu, Jiang Ren and Hou Xuezhi. A stocky Guangxi native. Although he was born in the Year of the Loong, he is classified as a "delayed generation". Graduated from Chinese Department of Guangxi University for Nationalities? He has published poems, essays, travel notes, plays, essays and papers, and some of his works have won awards. He once joined Guangxi Mass Culture Society and Guangxi Poetry Society, served as township head, and was dubbed "the man with long life" by overseas friends.
Excerpted from China World Longevity Culture Current Affairs Publishing House.
Baishoutu
In the Qing Dynasty, Qian Ceng recorded in "Reading Qiu Min Ji": "The century-old map is a volume, and the history of Jingjiang is engraved in Fu Zi Yan (Southern Song Dynasty). (Ming) Ding Mao (A.D. 1507), a native of Kunming, Zhao Bi got another 24 poems and compiled them into a book. " "centenary map" is an auspicious pattern to celebrate the age and expresses people's desire to pursue longevity. In the Ming and Song Dynasties, Guo Zhen's "Architectural Essays" contained: "Imperial historians have a great" longevity ",which was left by their ancestors. The word "Chong (Gao)" is four feet and seven inches, and it is written in black in regular script, and the small character "Shou" is in white in stippling. One by one, no one else. " It can be seen that this is a big "shou" character composed of small shou characters in different fonts, as an auspicious painting to celebrate the longevity of the elderly. "Hundred-year-old pictures" are generally not limited to hundreds of fonts, and it is also possible to choose a suitable font. The seal script with round font is called "Yuanshou character" and the rectangular one is called "Changshou character". There is also a style of 100 birthday figures with different fonts and paintings. In addition to pictographs, Zhong Ding, bird figures, Xiao Zhuan and other fonts, there are also characters of "Shou" carved by Taiji, tadpole figures, mulberry leaves, flowered porcelain pots, ancient painted pottery, weeping willows, lotus flowers, peaches of longevity, gourds, bamboo trees, Xiangyun, dragons and Wan Wen in Bo Gu, which have condensed the traditional "Complete Collection of Shouzi". People also combine different forms of "longevity" patterns, such as longevity pictures and flower fonts, which are widely used in architecture, furniture, stationery, sculpture and clothing.