pen
Brush is an important tool of traditional calligraphy in China. It can be said that China's calligraphy is the product of the development of writing brush. China's brush has a long history. According to archaeological data, some painted pottery patterns far away from Yang Yun cultural sites were drawn with a brush. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, brush was widely used in all countries, and Chu called it "Yu". Wu called it "irregular"; Yan is called "Fu". It was not until the Qin dynasty that it was officially named "pen", which has been used ever since. According to records, 1954 a Warring States writing brush was unearthed from the tomb of Zuojiagongshan in Changsha. From the excavation, the structure of ancient and modern brush is similar, but the materials are different.
black
Ink is a black material used in painting and calligraphy. It is not the same as the contemporary brush. There was similar ink in Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty, but the ink at that time was only a kind of natural graphite.
China's artificial ink began in the Warring States Period. Judging from the bamboo slips unearthed at that time, the ink quality at that time had reached a certain level. With the expansion of ink-making scale in Han dynasty, the scale of ink-making workshops is also growing. Dan Wei, a calligrapher in the Three Kingdoms period, is the earliest recorded famous Mohist in China. With the passage of time, after the Han and Wei Dynasties, the ink-making technology became more and more developed, and Huizhou became the national ink-making center in the Song Dynasty. The "Hui Ink" produced here is famous all over the world. Many famous ink makers have been produced in Hu Kaiwen and Cao Sugong, and they are still famous today.
paper
Paper is an important writing material, which is made of plant fiber. In ancient times when there was no paper, people carved or wrote on tortoise shells, animal bones, bamboo pieces and silk. With the passage of time and the development of society, such written materials obviously cannot meet the needs of social development. The invention of papermaking in the Western Han Dynasty and the improvement of papermaking by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty opened up a broad prospect for the development of papermaking in China. After the Song Dynasty, the paper-making technology became more and more perfect, the types of paper became more and more, and the quality of paper was greatly improved.
inkstone
Inkstone, also known as inkstone and inkstone pool, is an indispensable tool for grinding ink. Inkstone is generally made of stone or wear-resistant materials.
At present, it is difficult to determine the production age of inkstone. According to archaeological records, there were ink grinding tools in the Neolithic Age. However, according to the related records in Xijing Miscellanies, the inkstone started in the Han Dynasty and was mainly made of porcelain, pottery, tiles and other materials. Shaped like a plate. Instead of grinding ink directly on the inkstone by hand, grinding ink on the inkstone with another millstone. In the Tang Dynasty, with the improvement of inkstone technology, inkstones appeared, and famous inkstones such as Duanyan and She Yan appeared all over the world. In the Qing Dynasty, inkstone became more and more technical and artistic, which was not only practical, but also valuable for collection and appreciation.