This is the art circle of the Great Ming Dynasty, the Great V Shen Zhou.
Shen Zhou, 1427, head of the four schools of Ishida, Baishiweng, Yutian, leader of Ming Sijia and founder of Wu Pai.
Shen Zhou, he is a real rich N generation.
This family has been quietly getting rich. Besides, don't be an official.
At the age of 28, Shen Zhou, like his grandfather Shen Cheng, refused the recommendation of the Suzhou magistrate and decided not to enter the official career for life, so he painted, wrote poems and read books all his life.
When he was in his thirties, he moved from the city to the countryside. In a place with bamboo, a courtyard named Youzhuju was built, where he quietly wrote poems and paintings or got together with friends.
The daily life in Shen Zhou is like this:
Of course, besides painting, writing poems and reading books, it is far from enough to drink, enjoy flowers, chat and watch the stars and moons with friends from time to time. Keep a crane by the way.
If Shen Zhou lives in the contemporary era, an official WeChat account may interview him and write an article with the title of 6,543,800 Canadian dollars, which will probably be like this: "After 90, the N generation became rich, refused to be flashy, lived in seclusion in the countryside, and lived a poetic life" ... Of course, the family's 6,543,800 Canadian dollars may not be like this, after all, I didn't write 654.38+.
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Shen Zhou lived to the age of 83. He has been painting for more than fifty years.
You can confirm this sentence from Shen Zhou's words:
Someone is more talented than you, with a higher starting point, a better background and a harder backer. However, the most terrible thing is that he works much harder than you.
We won't talk about Shen Zhou's origin, but we probably mentioned it just now.
How much more talented is he than you?
When Shen Zhou was 7 years old, his father Shen Heng found him a teacher-scholar Chen Kuan, who taught him ancient Chinese. /kloc-when he was 0/5 years old, he could already write a long poem with 100 rhymes. Cui Gong, the head of the household department, put forward Song of Phoenix on the spot, and Shen Zhou picked up a pen, which was regarded as the reincarnation of Wang Bo, a gifted scholar in the Tang Dynasty.
It is unknown when Shen Zhou began to learn painting. Anyway, when he was 0/3 years old, he painted ten scenes of Nancun. His great-grandfather and Wang Meng are good friends and collectors. Father Shen Heng is a student in Du Qiong. It is natural that you want to study painting in China. And there are Wang Meng, Mo Bao and others at home, Li's Filial Piety Map, Wang Meng's Taibai Mountain Map, Huang's Tianchi Stone Wall Map and Fuchun's.
..... Shen Zhou's starting point is too high.
Chen Kuan, a great scholar, is his poetry teacher (Chen Kuan's grandfather Chen was a painter and poet at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and also a close friend of Wang Meng).
Grandfather Shen Cheng, father Shen Heng and uncle Shen Zhen are all collectors, painters and poets.
Painters and poets Du Qiong, Liu Yu and Zhao Tonglu are his painting and calligraphy teachers.
Tang Yin and Xie are all his students.
His friends are Cheng,,, Wang Shu, Wang Yong, Li Dongyang, Cui Gong and Li Yingzhen (who are these people, please ask Baidu ...).
What should a talented person with a high starting point, good background and strong backing look like?
When Shen Zhou was in his seventies, the new magistrate in Suzhou called a painter to paint his house. Without knowing the situation, Shen Zhou was also called as a painter, and went to the prefect's office to paint seriously every day.
Later, when the magistrate went to Beijing to report on his work, he was asked by Li Dongyang and others along the way: How is Mr. Shen? Did Mr. Shen give you any letters to bring to me? The satrap was completely deceived. After he came back, he immediately investigated who this Mr. Shen was.
Shen Zhou's biography is a bit confusing. It tells that the satrap hurried to visit Shen, bowed down twice, took the initiative to take the fault and wanted to eat. Shen Zhou gave him food, and the satrap left happily. ...
People with a strong talent, a high starting point, a good background and a strong backing will unconsciously have pride, domineering and arrogance, which Shen Zhou does not have.
He is just a person who works very hard to draw.
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Before he was forty years old, Shen Zhou was deeply influenced by Du Qiong, Liu Jue and their parents, such as "imitating the Yellow River and making landscape paintings for people in heaven".
Shen Zhou was thirty-five years old, which is the earliest work handed down with an exact date. Painting method is catching up with Wang Meng in Du Qiong. The mountains are overlapping, intricate and densely dyed. It takes a lot of gentle pi ma and reconciliation, which is meticulous.
Imitating the yellow river and mountain firewood means that people in the sky make landscapes.
The style of mountains and rivers is obvious.
At the age of forty-one, Shen Zhou painted a picture of Lushan Mountain, imitating Wang Meng's brushwork.
Lushan Mountain is a birthday picture given to teacher Chen Kuan by Shen Zhou.
Moreover, due to the family relationship with Harmony, Lushan High contains a lot of information.
Chen Kuan's father is Chen Ji, and Shen Heng and Shen Zhen are students of Chen Ji. Shen Zhou's great-grandfather and Chen Kuan's grandfather have a good relationship with Wang Meng. Then, in Shen Zhou's generation, Wang Meng, Chen Jia and Shen Jia have reached three or four generations of family friends. Shen Zhou expressed the relationship between Chen Kuan and Wang Meng and the intention of the younger generation to pay tribute to their predecessors by imitating Wang Meng's brushwork.
In this painting, Shen Zhou wrote a long poem:
Lushan Mountain is high, so high! 250 miles away.
It's almost 2,300 feet, which means it's shallow.
How dare Pei compete for supremacy? From the west, the natural hazards are full, and the clouds are pressing on the chest.
Back to the cliff, ghost hand broken, road thousands of feet.
Waterfalls don't flow, and those who hear thunder are deaf.
Leaves fall in the middle from time to time, and frost and rainbows flow down the Peng Li.
Gold paste is hard to find, and the stone forest is dark green.
There are five old people's yang in the peaks, or the essence of the suspected latitude star.
Master Chen, now a public official, has a noble family, and Yuan Zu moved to Jiangdong.
As we all know, Lu's spirit has a tacit understanding, and it is not far from the public.
The public also expects the West to cherish the old capital, so he wants to go to Yun Song, the fifth lair.
Yesterday, I heard that Ziyang worshipped six old people, so it is better to add a public appearance to become seven Weng.
Visit the public door often, envy the public and cherish the heights.
I don't worship Yuan Qiu's obesity. My works are as white as autumn.
Literature can combine solemnity with elegance.
Enjoy it.
Fame and fortune are fleeting. I don't recommend myself to the world, but it's unfair for me to be alive.
Gong! In the face of the mighty, the oriole holds high Ling Tianfeng.
Poetry is also well written.
Therefore, Wu Kuan later said: On the omnipotence of poetry, calligraphy and painting, Shi Weng should be unique today.
Literati painting in Ming Dynasty entered its heyday precisely because of the existence of immortal figures like Shen Zhou.
Lushan high school
The villain at the bottom of the picture is Chen Kuan, an ancient Chinese teacher in Shen Zhou. When I was 70.
"Lushan Mountain High" is not a simple birthday picture, it marks the turning point of Shen Zhou's painting style from implicit to rough. So it is mentioned in all kinds of explanations about Shen Zhou.
In this painting, Shen Zhou skillfully used Wang Meng's techniques. Among them, Jie Suocun, Niu Maocun and Pimaba used them perfectly to describe the sense of strength of rock twisting.
Only from then on, we can hardly see Shen Zhou's delicate, meticulous and rigorous painting style. He became bolder and bolder all the way, running in a careless and careless direction.
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Before coarsening, Shen Zhou also painted a middle-aged potted chrysanthemum with a subtle style. I liked it very much and copied it.
A picture of potted chrysanthemums enjoying flowers in seclusion
Note that in the "Appreciation Atlas of Potted Chrysanthemum", the people inside look like this. Although rough, it still has a nose and eyes.
However, the people painted by Shen Zhou later were like this (no face):
However, this is not over. There are people in Wei Yuan Giartoo Volume who just scribble and go out with a long face:
Wei Yuan Giarto was painted by Shen Zhou at the age of 43. Lushan Mountain has been taller for exactly two years.
1469, Shen Zhou,,, and Shen were drinking and writing poems in Zhongwei Garden of their paddock family. At that time, Zhu Hao was 65 years old and had just resigned and returned to his hometown, leading a life of socializing, drinking and reading.
After the party, Shen Zhou imitated Huang's Fuchun and drew Weiyuan Map. I wish you a wonderful poem:
This city is bustling, and you build houses. When traveling in Tibet, follow the Four Don 'ts and borrow more than three occupations. Stay here to taste the new wine and call on Sun Bei to use the old books. In the Qing dynasty, why did you get on the bus?
(The grandson in The Old Book of Hu Sunbei is Zhu Zhishan at the age of 10).
Weiyuan Ji Ya tujuan
Wei Yuan's elegant collection is obviously much thicker than Lushan Mountain High and Pot Chrysanthemum Flower Appreciation Map. Look at these strokes, these bare edges point to the dead trees in the sky, these hard and simple rocks:
Why did Shen Zhou change from thin to thick?
Wen Zhiming once expounded Shen Zhou's theory of gradual change of painting style:
He got rid of family habits from an early age and learned from the ancients. He has a model and needs chaos. However, the rate of doing so is very small. In the early 1940 s, it expanded its scale and was sloppy. Although childish and rotten, but the moment of dyeing hair, if you don't keep pace with the times.
(Interestingly, as a student in Shen Zhou, Wen Zhiming's painting style became more and more refined in his later years, especially at the age of 80, which was just the opposite of his teacher's painting style).
Wen Zhiming said that Shen Zhou started painting when he was young, and the technology was mature. With the model, there was no need to tamper with the original.
But obviously Shen Zhou is not satisfied with this.
He wants to create his own style.
spend freely
Shen Zhou's development after the age of 40 not only refers to the expansion of ruler breadth, but also includes the evolution of pen and ink from neat and fine to vigorous and simple, that is, from "implicit" to "rough". This transitional period lasted about twenty years.
During this period, he continued to learn from Dong Ju and Yuan Sijia, and at the same time absorbed the rich and simple paintings of Ma Yuan and Xia Gui School to enrich his playing skills.
Dongzhuang Atlas
1473, Shen Zhou was 46 years old and drew a set of Dongzhuang Atlas for his good friend Wu Kuan.
Dongzhuang is the villa of Wu Kuan's father Meng Rong in Nagato.
Before Wu Kuan became an official, his life was frustrated, the imperial examination failed, and his children died one after another. Shen Zhou wrote many poems to comfort and encourage him. Later, this Mr. Shu 'an had a bright future, and in the eighth year of Chenghua (1472), he took the first place in general and court subjects. He became the second scholar in Suzhou in the Ming Dynasty, entered imperial academy, and became the assistant minister of the official department, equivalent to the current deputy minister of the organization department.
Shen Zhou and Wu Kuan are good friends for life. Wu Kuan often goes to Shenzhou, where there is Xiangmen Bamboo House. Shenzhou often makes friends with Wu Kuan in Dongzhuang, singing, enjoying flowers, drinking tea and reading in the rain. Shen Zhou's paintings in this album are particularly soothing. They basically show the rural scenery in the south of the Yangtze River in a realistic way, without showing off their skills, but we all look very interesting.
There are 24 original pictures of Dongzhuang Atlas, and there are 2 1 picture. Let's pick a few at random and guess which one is Shen Zhou and which one is Wu Kuan.
At the age of 58, Shen Zhou was named "White Stone Weng" until he died at the age of 83, which was his later artistic years.
In his later years, he fell in love with Huang and Zhenwu, and combined Huang's Song Xiuzhi, Zhenwu's generosity with Wang Meng's carefulness, Xia Gui's spirit and rice clouds into a furnace, forming a rough and boundless style.
This is the basically fixed style of Shen Zhou that we see now.
Night sitting chart
In his later years, Shen Zhou suffered from insomnia, and he could not sleep for a long time or woke up early after sleeping. So he painted a lot of nocturnes.
At the age of 60, he drew 14 jathyapple Atlas.
At the age of 66, he painted Sitting at Night.
At the age of 67, he painted A Thousand Stones Night Tour.
At the age of 83, he painted a still picture of a night outing.
Thousand Stone Night Tour Map
Among them, Fourteen Pictures of jathyapple was written on the night of August 14th in the second year of Hongzhi (1486), and 60-year-old Shen Zhou and Park Shu 'an enjoyed the moon in Shuang 'e Building.
Fourteen maps of jathyapple.
Powerful brushwork, with the usual thick lines, shows the typical characteristics of roughness-from the plate slope of the geometric model, everything is arranged neatly, and it is easy to find the brushwork and the texture of the lines.
There is a poem after the volume:
I am glad that there is wine in the pot. Is An Shu my friend? There is a law in wine administration, and there is no wonder. Sing Li Bai's monthly sentence. Youth and white hair are not as good as each other, and drinking for several months. Shu' an and I are sixty-eight, and we need forty credits for the Mid-Autumn Festival.
The fusion of poetry and painting, the seamless connection between man and environment, makes Shen Zhou the first in the Ming Dynasty, and decades of constant efforts are also true.
Poetic picture of falling flowers
1502, Shen Zhou's eldest son Yun Hong died. Two years later, Shen Zhou wrote ten poems "Falling Flowers" for this purpose. Later, Wen Zhiming, Xu Zhenqing, Tang Yin and others all sang together, forming a huge collection of poems, which won 60 songs. Two years later, Shen Zhou painted "Poetry and Painting with Falling Flowers":
Draw Shen Zhou's inscription "The mountains are empty, the flowing water is gurgling, the flowers are dying", and draw an old man on a rock slope near the water, who is independent, vigorous and clumsy, but wonderful.
Shen Zhou was 80 years old this year. His talent has reached the realm of "cleverness in clumsiness".
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But geniuses also have regrets.
Shen Zhou's regret is that Ni Yunlin doesn't like it.
He has painted many works like Ni, but his pen is often too strong. Ni Yunlin's painting style is thin and tender, which accords with his lonely and ethereal artistic conception, while Shen Zhou's artistic conception is mainly rich and lush, so it is difficult to keep pace with Ni Yunlin.
China imitates Ni Yunlin's landscape.
Wang Shizhen's comment: "(Shen Zhou) everything is fine, and Ni Yunlin (Ni Zan) wrote it too well", which really hit the nail on the head. Chen Kuan also commented on "too much writing".
He himself said:
Ni Yu's beauty is thought-provoking. He turned his back on Handan. If the trace of the pen is still pale and wet, it must also be inked.
Ni Yunlin Rong Xi Zhai tu Xiang tu
After all, their personalities are far apart.
Ni Yunlin was eccentric by nature, while Shen Zhou remained naive and easygoing all his life. He is a good gentleman and an interesting person.
When someone wants to paint, he generally agrees, whether it is a vendor or an official, don't ask if the other party has money. So much so that a friend wrote a poem to laugh at him: Dong Gui had to turn Jinxian into tens of billions if he wanted to pay for his southern tour.
A satrap wanted to draw, so Shen Zhou drew him a picture of "Five Horses in Spring". The satrap didn't know that "five horses" was another name for the satrap, and he was a little unhappy: "I only have five horses, and no one is with me?" When Shen Zhou knew this, he drew six more attendants and gave them to him. He also joked: "But the silk is short, and only three pairs of etiquette leaders are drawn."
Zhao Mingyu, a friend of Shen Zhou, is very upset about not having a beard. One day, Shen Zhou played a joke on his friends and decided to help him grow a beard, so he wrote a letter to Zhou Zongdao, a bearded man at that time, asking him to donate his ten beards. This is the calligraphy masterpiece "Sparse Beard" that has been handed down to this day.
Sparse beard and sparse parts
On another occasion, someone came to ask for a painting and gave Shen Zhou a long silk, which Shen Zhou painstakingly painted for a year. Later, Shen Zhou wrote a letter to his good friend Zhu Zhishan, complaining that the two of us had been painting for a long time, saying that "Baotou's gift may be empty talk, but what we saw was a silver ear (the reward was only a small sum of money)".
The word "hehe" was added at the end of this sentence.
What a wonderful calligraphy post.
This book can be called Hehehetie.
Land (dry)
For 600 years, Shen Zhou was a man with excellent reputation.
So, in him, someone saw Gao Hua behind closed doors, someone saw the sincerity of bosom friends all over the world, someone saw the generosity of being called to work as a painter, someone saw Hua's humor, someone saw Dong Zhuang's generosity and broadmindedness, and someone saw his support and care for Chen Kuan, Tang Yin and others.
But isn't Shen an idiot?
After all, not everyone will choose to bury their heads in painting after having tens of millions.
When 20-year-old Wen Zhiming was impressed by Shen Zhou and wanted to bow down to the wall, Shen Zhou didn't want to accept him because he didn't want to affect Wen Zhiming's career. Shen Zhou is well aware of the difficulties and hardships along the way. Tang Yin is an example. When there was no hope for her career to turn to Danqing, Tang Yin spent the rest of her life full of sinking and unwilling.
Now reading, drawing, writing, watching flowers, drinking and drinking tea are all beautiful lives. However, few people in ancient times really pursued this kind of fun as a positive ideal.
Even today, few people can pursue it as an ideal.
Unless you are a real idiot like Shen Zhou.
Stupidity is the most rare thing in the world.