The Xia Dynasty was established around 2070 BC, founded by Qi. It was the first hereditary dynasty recorded in Chinese history books. Among the cultural relics of the Xia Dynasty are a certain number of bronze and jade ritual vessels, dating from the late Neolithic Age to the early Bronze Age.
The Shang Dynasty was established around 1600 BC. It was founded by Tang. It was the second dynasty in Chinese history and the first dynasty in China to have direct written records of the same period. The Shang Dynasty went through three major stages. The first stage is "Early Shang"; the second stage is "Early Shang"; and the third stage is "Late Shang", which is passed down to 17 generations and 31 kings, lasting more than 500 years. The last monarch, Emperor Xin, was defeated by King Wu of Zhou Dynasty in the Battle of Muye and burned himself to death.
The Zhou Dynasty was founded in 1046 BC by Ji Fa. It was the third dynasty in Chinese history after the Shang Dynasty. Zhou is also the creator and original referent of the word "Huaxia". There are 30 generations and 37 kings in the Zhou Dynasty, which lasted for about 791 years.
The Zhou Dynasty was divided into two periods: the "Western Zhou" (mid-11th century BC - 771 BC) and the "Eastern Zhou" (770 BC - 256 BC). The Western Zhou Dynasty was founded by Ji Fa, King Wu of Zhou Dynasty, with its capital at Haojing (Zongzhou) (southwest of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province today). In the fifth year of King Cheng's reign, the capital was built in Luoyi (Chengzhou) (now Luoyang, Henan); in 770 BC (the first year of King Ping of Zhou), King Ping moved eastward and established his capital at Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan Province). This period of the Zhou Dynasty was called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Historical books often refer to the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty as two weeks.
Extended information:
Xia Qi seizes the throne
After Yu died, Yi did not gain power. Instead, with the support of the people, Qi gained power. . Accounts of this period of history vary. "Ancient Bamboo Chronicles" records that after Yi ascended the throne, Qi killed Yi and won the throne. Another theory is that after Yi succeeded to the throne, some tribes did not surrender to Yi, but supported Qi and launched a war against Yi's tribe. In the end, Qi won and gained power. Later, Yi led the Dongyi Alliance to attack Qi. After several years of struggle, Qi established his position as the leader of the tribal alliance.
The most common point in the pre-Qin literature recording this matter is that "public world" became "family world", and the concept of "country" appeared in the Central Plains of China. This is what many historians believe to be the beginning of the Xia Dynasty, China's first hereditary dynasty. Subsequently, many tribes who tended to abdicate and traditionalally questioned Qi's power. The Youhu clan on the outskirts of Qidu rose up and led an alliance of tribes to attack Qidu, and fought against Qi's army in Gan. Before the war, he claimed that his power was "Gong Xingtian", which was the prototype of the theory of emperor in the Zhou Dynasty.
Qi had the approval of the people of the Central Plains and had a huge advantage in numbers. He finally defeated the Youhu family and was punished and demoted to be a herdsman. These two victories represented that the mainstream social concept in the Central Plains region had shifted from the original abdication system to the hereditary system.
Reference materials: Baidu Encyclopedia-Xia?
Baidu Encyclopedia-Shang?
Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhou Dynasty