The pigments used in Chinese painting include plant pigments (watercolor) and natural mineral pigments (stone color), as well as chemical synthetic pigments. Plant pigments include cyanine, rouge, gamboge and so on. Mineral pigments include ochre, cinnabar, cinnabar, azurite, stone green, stone yellow and so on. The traditional Chinese painting pigments packaged in zinc tubes are mostly chemical synthetic pigments. These are collectively referred to as Chinese painting pigments.
Watercolor (plant pigment) is transparent, can be used in harmony with each other, has no hiding power, is unstable in color quality and is easy to fade. Stone color (mineral pigment) is an opaque color and cannot be used in harmony with each other. Strong hiding power, stable color quality and not easy to fade. Stone color and watercolor cannot be used harmoniously.
Q: What is the writing method of Chinese painting?
A: Beginners must first know how to use a pen, so that their posture can be correct and they can use ink freely. They should pay attention to the following points:
(1) pen correction: the pen is regular and straight. The bone writing pen is centered.
(2) Point to reality: fingers should be firm and flexible, and don't cling to them.
(3) Palm deficiency: Hold the pen with your fingers, don't hold it too tightly, and leave your fingers empty, so that you can write freely.
(4) Hanging the wrist and elbow: it refers to hanging the wrist or elbow in a large area where the pen is transported, so that the pen can follow its heart and exert its overall strength.
What ink is used in Chinese painting?
Ink painting has a unique position in China's painting. There are two kinds of ink: solid ink and liquid ink. The traditional ink used in Chinese painting is solid ink. Because of the different raw materials used, it can be divided into three types: oil smoke ink, lacquer smoke ink and Song Yanmo ink. Oil smoke ink-is made of tung oil and other oils burned into smoke. Its black is warmer, used for painting, and it is in harmony with other transparent colors. Song Yanmo-It is made of smoke from burning pine branches. Its black color is cold, and it is mostly used for calligraphy. Lacquer smoke ink-it is made of traditional lacquer burning smoke. Its black color is delicate and shiny, and it is also suitable for painting. In the selection, the delicate and moist blue-purple is the best. Take "top, top, tribute and selection" as the grade of ink. Liquid ink keeps the characteristics of oily smoke ink, because convenience is very popular now, but it is more suitable for freehand brushwork. Among them, "Tianjin Calligraphy and Painting Ink" and "Yidege Ink" in Beijing are the best.
What paper is used for meticulous painting?
Cooked rice paper or cooked silk is used for meticulous painting, which is made by brushing raw rice paper or silk with a certain proportion of glue alum water. Its performance is not affected by water. At present, there are many varieties of cooked rice paper, including clear water calligraphy and painting, ice and snow, calligraphy and painting, cicada wings, mica and so on. The cooked rice paper is thin and thick, and the alum water is thick and light. Generally speaking, thin people are suitable for painting light colors, while fat people are suitable for painting heavy colors. Cicada is the thinnest, and ice and snow are the thickest. In addition, fine silk can be drawn with gold stationery and various dyed paper as pure silk products, which can be divided into round silk and plain silk. Round silk, also called "precursor silk", is often used in ancient paintings. Flat silk is commonly used now. After weaving, it is mashed to make it flat, so as to reduce the gap between silk, and it is not easy to leak alum after brushing with glue alum water. This kind of silk has white and imitation old colors.
What pen is used for meticulous painting?
(1) Gou Xianbi
Meticulous painting uses the center to outline thin and even lines. Generally, a thin-pointed wolfsbane pen is selected. Commonly used pens include clothing pattern pen, Ye Jin pen, scarlet hair, scarlet hair, crab claw, wolf's paw, purple paw, etc.
(2) Dyeing pen
Commonly used dyeing pens are: big white clouds, middle white clouds, small white clouds and other soft brush pens. Pure wool pens are too soft and generally do not work well. Baiyun pen is better, because the outer layer is wool, and the middle part is hard and stiff, which can hold water and is elastic.
(3) Scrubber
Meticulous painting often needs to be painted with background color or painted in a large area, so it needs wool scrubbers or combination pens with various widths.
What are the main dyeing methods of meticulous painting?
1. The most important dyeing skill in meticulous painting. Dip one pen in color, dip the other pen in water, and drag the color away to form a gradient effect from thick to light.
2. Unified dyeing: In the process of meticulous painting, according to the needs of light and shade treatment of the picture, it is often necessary to render several leaves and petals in a unified way, emphasizing the overall relationship between light and shade and color, which is called unified dyeing.
3. Mask: Re-mask a layer of color on the already colored picture and render it locally.
4. Lift-dyeing: When dyeing is nearly finished, brightening or deepening the picture with a certain color in a small area is called lift-dyeing.
5. Baking and coloring: Render a faint background color around the depicted object to set off or cover the object.
6. Dot dyeing: With a brushwork close to freehand brushwork, one stroke is dipped in different shades of color and dyed on the screen, which means smart. This method is often used to deal with background or small flowers.
7, swimming dyeing: dye a color around. When this method is used to draw the blush of a lady's cheek, it will also be used in the painting of fine brushwork peony.
8. Wake-up dyeing: After masking, the slightly dim picture is dyed with light dark color again to set off the background color and make the picture eye-catching.
What are the painting characteristics of "boneless" and "color filling"?
"Boneless" flower-and-bird painting is to describe the image of an object with ink or color, without ink lines, so it is called boneless meticulous painting.
Except for the outline, other parts of the lines, such as Ye Jin, flower vein, bird feather, etc., should be outlined with colored lines after dyeing, and the lines and colors should be fused, or the feeling of lines should be directly dyed with colors.
Boneless has a meticulous, rich, harmonious, bright and handsome effect.
Color filling is a form of filling color in the contour line instead of the contour line, also known as "double hook contour filling". Tick-and-fill is the earliest and most basic coloring method in China's traditional Chinese painting, and it is also the most common expression technique in meticulous flower-and-bird painting since ancient times. This has formed a style. In the form of cross-filling, due to the difference of color quality and the complexity of dyeing methods, there are two methods: heavy color method and light color method.
"Heavy color", also known as heavy coloring, is mostly dyed with mineral pigments such as cinnabar, azurite and stone green. The dyeing step is very complicated. After repeated dyeing, the color is deep and thick, magnificent, exquisite and neat, and rich in decorative effect.
"Light color" is mainly dyed with transparent plant color (also called watercolor). The basic method of light color dyeing is the same as that of heavy color, but the specific color dyeing is simple. Therefore, light color has clear lines, bright colors, fresh, elegant and hazy effects.
How to use a pen in meticulous painting?
Fine brushwork should not be too fast when marking, but should have rhythm. When drawing short lines, hold the pen on the desktop with your wrist and elbow, focusing on finger movements; The slightly longer hook line should be hung on the wrist and elbow on the desktop, mainly for wrist movement, and the fingers should be solid to make the wrist move flexibly; Wrist on the table, elbow hanging, tick a long line, the line moves with the wrist (not with the fingers). No matter what kind of line you hook, you should hold your breath in the process of writing, not too fast, in one go. In short, no matter which way you write it, you should keep the lines round and smooth.
For example, drawing a line with a hook, instead of "drawing" along the outline with a thin line, uses the pen in calligraphy to "write" the image. Fine brushwork is not only fine brushwork, but more importantly, it pursues the strength and beauty of lines. The so-called "meticulous work and strong strength" opposes the slender lines.
First of all, practice using the center and avoid the winger. The center pen is full and elastic, with rounded lines and strong feeling; When you start to practice hook line, it's easy to hit the side, especially at the corner of the line. Because the brush is conical, it is necessary to lift the pen when rotating, and gently rotate the torsion direction of the pen tube so that the pen tip rotates parallel to the circle, so as to keep the center. The key to the strength of lines lies in the friction between the pen tip and the paper. Some people don't dare to hook the line hard for the sake of thinness, and the hooked line slips on the paper and doesn't meet the requirements. When hooking the line, you should press the pen downwards, so that the pen tip has pressure on the paper surface. At the same time, you should hold the writing brush, which has an upward lift and two forces are balanced, and then use a drag force to write. Not mentioning is "smearing", which is prone to one-sided situation; It's "gone with the wind" to just mention it without pressing it, and the line is slippery and weak, so it's forbidden to "mention", "pick" and "slip" with the line. So each line should have three actions: start, write and receive.
(1) Start writing hidden front: If you want to write to the right, write hidden front to the left first, and then write to the right. This is called first left and then right, and vice versa. The same is true of the last pen. You want to go down first, and you want to go up first, so there is friction between the pen and the paper.
(2) Line pen: The line pen should be steady and slow, and the pressure on the paper should be even. There are various changes in strokes, stopping halfway is "pause" and turning back is "retrogression". When the stroke arm retreats, the stroke arm direction should be adjusted to avoid sideways. The pen with a round center turns to "turn" and the side turns to "fold".
(3) Go back to the front when collecting pens: every time you collect pens, you should take them back in the usual direction. The so-called "the sky does not return" and "does not sag or shrink" make the end of the line subtle and powerful.
We should also pay attention to all kinds of pen and ink changes in the practice line, such as center and flank, forward and backward, and pen changes such as setback, turning, thickness, breaking, Fiona Fang, sudden illness, darkness, and virtual reality. , plus shades, dry and wet ink color changes, to meet the requirements of formal beauty in line drawing.
What are pens used by centers and wingers?
The center should hold the pen correctly, the nib should be in the middle of the ink line, the strength of the pen should be uniform, and the nib should be perpendicular to the paper, so that the effect is round and steady. Hold the pen side, and the nib is at the edge of the ink line. The pen tip forms a certain angle with the paper surface, and the force is uneven, fast and slow, light and heavy, and the effect is rough and astringent.
How to make antique paper and antique silk?
(1) You can mix ochre, cyanine, ink and other colors in traditional Chinese painting (preferably transparent) in a larger container, dip the upper color water with a combination brush or a board brush (filter out the coarse pigments in the lower layer), and brush it evenly on paper or silk. If you can't brush it once, you can dye it twice for antique painting.
(2) Boil the black tea with a proper amount of water on the fire. When the tea leaves are boiled to reddish brown, add other colors or inks according to the needs of color tone, and then scrub.
(3) Potassium permanganate is a commonly used disinfectant, which is in small particles, purple after being dissolved in water, and brown after being coated on paper. It should be noted that this solution should not be too thick, too thick will make the texture of the paper brittle.
How to over-draft and paper-mount meticulous painting?
Because cooked paper or silk is not easy to change, meticulous painting usually draws a sketch on the drawing paper first, and then copies it to cooked rice paper or silk to draw the manuscript. These steps are:
(1) Choose paper or silk, cut it one or two centimeters larger than the sketch, and paste it with glue or paste later.
(2) Put the sketch under the cooked paper or silk, and gently trace the sketch with HB pencil. The outline should be clearly drawn, and the pen mark should not be too heavy, so as to avoid leaving copied pencil lines when drawing ink lines in the future.
(3) Find an ordinary piece of white paper and cut it to the size of a sketch as the backing paper. Because cooked paper or silk is generally thin and translucent, it is easy to see the picture effect when painting with white paper below. Wet the backing paper until it is completely unfolded, and then stick it on the drawing board with paste or glue.
(4) When the liner is dry, put the copied manuscript on it and spray the paper with a nozzle or watering can. When the paper is completely unfolded, apply one to two centimeters of glue or paste on the back of the drawing paper while it is still wet. When it's dry, you can draw.
What should I pay attention to when drawing meticulous paintings? How can I frame the paper?
Sticking paper is an important part of meticulous painting. If you don't pay attention, it will cause alum leakage and bring inconvenience to future work.
In the whole process, we should pay attention to the following points:
(1) The manuscript paper must be one or two centimeters larger than the four sides of the sketch, so as to glue or paste, otherwise the picture will become smaller.
(2) Put the drawing board flat on the desktop and spray a proper amount of water on the paper or silk. Too much water will wash away the glue and alum water on the surface of drawing paper, and it will also crack the paper. If you spray too little water, the paper or silk will not be fully unfolded, and the paper will be uneven when painting. The water sprayed by the watering can or nozzle used is preferably atomized, which is more uniform. It is best to spray a thin layer of water on the paper, let the water penetrate into the paper, and then stick it to the drawing board with glue or paste.
(3) When there is water on the drawing paper, don't touch it by hand, let alone wipe it with a cloth or suck it with absorbent paper, which will cause alum leakage.
What is the "lost alum" in the process of meticulous painting?
Because the boiled paper or silk is brushed with alum water for many times, and it is repeatedly rendered or used too much water in the painting process, alum will run off, resulting in alum leakage. Alum will ooze water after leakage, and its color is uneven. One piece is deep and the other is shallow, which will affect the picture effect. The ancients said that "three alum and nine dyes" is very reasonable. Learn to prepare the glue alum water by yourself, and apply it every few times, which can not only fix the color, but also prevent the alum from leaking.
Fine brushwork is to describe objects in a neat, meticulous and meticulous way. Fine brushwork is divided into two categories: fine brushwork and fine brushwork. Meticulous brushwork is a complete description of objects with ink lines, without coloring. Sketch was originally used for painting, but Li, a painter in Song Dynasty, developed it into an independent painting. His sketches, like flowing water, are endless and expressive. His "Five Horses Map" is a first-class sketch in ancient times. Figures and horses are drawn with single lines, with accurate proportions, clear musculoskeletal structure, and even the luster of horse coat is shown in detail. Heavy color meticulous painting means that meticulous painting is neat, fine and lays a heavy color. In the early days of China's painting, meticulous painting played a major role. The silk paintings found in Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha, Hunan Province are full of genuine meticulous colors, especially the T-shaped "non-clothing" in Fei Fei's tomb, with ingenious composition, fine line drawing and gorgeous colors, which shows that the meticulous colors reached a high level at that time. In ancient painting, heavy-colored pigments such as cinnabar and turquoise were widely used, so painting was called "Danqing", which shows the important position of meticulous heavy color in ancient painting.
Freehand brushwork is a painting method relative to meticulous painting. It needs extensive and concise pen and ink to describe the shape and spirit of the object to express the author's artistic conception. It is said that in the Tang Dynasty, Xuanzong ordered painters Li Sixun and Wu Daozi to paint the scenery of Jialing River together in Datong Hall. Li Sixun is good at meticulous painting. It took him several months to finish this mural. Wu Daozi painted three mountains and rivers in Jialing, Vandory in one day. It is conceivable that he can't paint with meticulous and colorful techniques. It must be broad and concise. This shows that there was a difference between meticulous painting and freehand brushwork. In Song Dynasty, Su Shi put forward "literati painting", arguing that painting "does not seek similarity", but expresses the author's subjective thoughts and feelings through writing feelings. The only painting he left behind was a dead tree and a stubborn stone, with one or two bamboos exposed behind the stone and several fine grasses under the tree. This painting expresses his thoughts and feelings that he is not satisfied with politically, but the great calligrapher speaks highly of him, saying that the branches are "bent without a clue" and the stones are "grotesque, like a hollow chest". After the Yuan Dynasty, freehand brushwork prevailed with simple brushwork, vivid modeling and hearty and interesting style.
In this way, freehand brushwork and meticulous brushwork, which abide by tradition and law, have formed two schools with different styles, which have been passed down from generation to generation in the painting world and last forever.