No. 1 copy
A method of learning the calligraphy of predecessors. Put the tablet aside and imitate its strokes, which is called "pro"; Cover the tablet with thin paper and copy it according to its trace, which is called "copying". Mei Kui in Southern Song Dynasty
Second pair of forests
Imitating writing on copybooks can fully train your ability to observe and grasp copybooks.
Beilin no.3
That is, instead of reading copybooks, I imitate copybook writing by memory, mainly training myself to remember and digest copybooks. This method is an important training in the process of temporarily changing to independent writing. Mr. Lu Zhaowei said: "People who recite the post will read it well, and when writing it, they will not refer to it. Just like endorsement, everything should be consistent with the original post." .
No.4 Yilin
That is to say, copying a work does not require shape, but learning part of it, either brushwork, pen and ink, composition, style or artistic conception. The advantage of this kind of copying is that it is relatively free, and it can get rid of the fetters of form, pursue spiritual similarity, and truly integrate the strengths of a certain family into its own works. Generally speaking, after mastering certain pen and ink skills, it is only
Taking temporary measures can last for a long time. Even successful painters often enrich their creations by absorbing the essence of their predecessors through their existence.
No.5 fried iron
It is a common problem in the process of practicing calligraphy. Although it is an anti-post, it only copies words, regardless of shelves and stippling, and it is arbitrary. This kind of mistake is the most undesirable and must be avoided.
No.6 lifting and pressing
It refers to a very important link in calligraphy skills and a means to change strokes in calligraphy. Generally speaking, the pen is pressed first and then lifted, and the turning point is lifted first and then pressed.
Seventh steet
It is one of the methods of calligraphy. "Turn" means that in the process of writing a book, the pen tip turns around; "Folding" means that in the process of starting a pen, you want to go right first and then left, and you want to go down first, so that the nib runs decisively and actively, making it show powerful edges and corners. This is Fang Bi's method. "Turn" generally refers to the method of stroke moving from stroke line to corner in stroke writing methods such as horizontal folding and vertical folding, including "turn around" and "fold" respectively, which is reflected from the difference of stroke movement between "turn" and "fold".
No.8 hanging needle
Write straight and draw a sharp bottom, like an upside-down needle, hence the name. Dew is in two forms. Feng Wu (Jian Yuan) said in The True Story of Calligraphy: "If you want to shrink the front, you must draw it, and if you extend it, you must be equal in beginning and end." But sharp ears. Don't be like a mouse's tail. According to the ancients, there is only one way to show it. The garter st in Lanting started with the word' year'. Later generations thought it was the law. "
No.9 cooking stove
A form of writing and painting. Its pen is like dew hanging down, hence the name. It is different from the "hanging needle" because its front is hidden. Sun Shu Pu in the Tang Dynasty said, "Look at the difference between a husband hanging a needle and showing it."
10 center
When stippling with a pen, keep the main front of the brush on the center line of stippling to distinguish it from the partial front. The money note written in the center is round and textured. In Meng Qian Bi Tan written by Shen Kuo in the Northern Song Dynasty, it was recorded that Xu Xuan was good at seal script in the Song Dynasty, and it was reflected in the Japanese. There is a wisp of thick ink in the center of the painting, and as for the bend, it is one of them. It is because the pen tip can't fall straight down, so the pen tip is often in the painting, so this pen method is also used.
1 1
A technique for starting a pen. It means that when writing, the pen tip is slightly sideways and the inking position is sideways. Zhu Hegang's New Interpretation of Linchi in the Qing Dynasty said: "The front is strong and the edge is beautiful. Wang Xizhi took a pencil when he took the book Lanting. " This brushwork was first formed when official script evolved into regular script. It adds chic beauty to Fang Bi's handwriting. The winger is mostly used to gain motivation and turn into a center. Commonly used by Jin people.
Feng Zhe 12
A skill of using a pen when changing the direction of strokes. Refers to the pen-receiving gesture, which is different from the pen rotation, that is, when the pen tip changes direction, it turns from the positive side to the negative side, or from the negative side to the positive side. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiang Kui's "Continued Book Spectrum" said: "At the beginning of the text, there was a front and a front. Their bodies are written at the beginning. Whenever writing, the first word is mostly a cover, and the second and third words are mostly a cover. If the right side between words is mostly positive, it should be left. " Folding is sharper than stippling and creating postures. In Qing Dynasty, after Bao's book "Liu Wenqing Four Scholars Fu", he said that his brushwork was "to create momentum by folding the front, and to take the posture by folding the front"
13 national wind
The skill of using a pen. The pen goes in the opposite direction. "Think first, think left first." In the future, with a round pen, the nib is restrained in the middle of stippling, which is called "wrapping the front". Such as Cao Quanbei and Shimen Ming.
14 counter front
A technique of writing brush. In order to hide the front and spread it out, the method of "down first, then right, first left" is adopted, and the words written in the opposite direction are often full of vigor and vitality. Liu Xizai in the Qing Dynasty said, "If you want to write with a sharp pen, you must use an inverse formula. Le Zefeng leads the right tube to the left tube, and Nuze leads the lower tube, which is also the case. However, it is just a secret machine, and it is wrong. "
15 Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
Squat, which means to stay. It's the same as squatting. In calligraphy, squatting and squatting are two methods. Generally speaking, crouching before refers to the crouching potential in the slow motion of the pen, while crouching before refers to going beyond crouching first, retreating and advancing again. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang's "Forbidden Sutra in Yutang" said: "crouch in front, slow down the festival, and be serious"; "Squatting in front, you are also true in the fence. If you have a husband, you must squat first. "
16 occipital wrist
The left palm is placed under the right wrist, or the right wrist is placed on the table, which is called "pillow wrist". The purpose of pillow wrist is to use the power of fingers to write, which can not give full play to the role of wrist. Compared with "hanging wrist" and "lifting wrist", this method is very different and loses the fluency of wrist movement. This method has been mentioned since ancient times, but it is generally believed that this method should not be advocated. Some people think that fine print can be written like this. In my opinion, this method is not convenient for lowercase letters. Because this method is too rigid and inflexible, it is difficult to write only by the strength of fingers, and it is also difficult to penetrate the strength of elbows and arms. Naturally, the words will not be vivid and the brushwork will not be powerful. Therefore, this method is unnecessary.
17 Hangwan
Hanging from the wrist to the elbow is called "hanging the wrist". In Hanlin Yao Jue, Chen Zeng, a calligrapher in Yuan Dynasty, said: "Hanging in the air is the most powerful". Zhu Luzhen, a calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty, also said in "On Calligraphy": "Hanging is both powerful and powerful, and the word potential is endless." It is true that this method of wrist movement is the best in calligraphy. Not only can you easily send all your strength to the end of the hair, but also, whether it is straight down or straight down, your pen can sink and be satisfied. In particular, writing in block letters or cursive scripts is flexible and lively, and there will be no stagnation.
Title 18
Lift your wrist with your elbow on the case, which is called "lifting your wrist". There used to be a saying: "There are a thousand strokes of writing, so you must improve your wrist before you touch it." In other words, if you want to write forcefully and spread around, you must raise your wrist to get its majestic posture. This method of lifting the wrist is more suitable for writing Chinese characters, not for larger characters, nor for cursive writing. Because of this method, the elbow touched the box,
It not only limits the scope of brush strokes, but also makes it difficult to take into account the momentum of the whole article. If you do it reluctantly, the written works will inevitably lack ideological content and it is difficult to express the charm of the works. Of course, for beginners, it is impossible to use hanging wrist at first, so this method can still be used for the time being. However, you must practice raising your wrist. Which is the elbow
Don't stick to the letter surface, otherwise the force can't penetrate the shoulders and arms, which will affect the writing effect.
19 calligraphy
Refers to calligraphy works with high artistic level. In ancient times, calligraphy works written on paper and silk were all called "calligraphy books" or "books" Samadhi Calligraphy: "When you write a word, you must be calm. Although there are three strokes between each painting, this is a dharma book. " Wang Anshi wrote a poem in the Northern Song Dynasty, "Good deeds are passed on, and calligraphy posts are empty." . Nowadays, calligraphy works are generally called calligraphy books, which also means respecting the author.
Fa Tie No.20
Also known as "Hou". Refers to the ink of ancient celebrities and calligraphy (including rubbings) carved on stone (or wood) boards. In the third year of Chunhua, Song Taizong (992), Wang Zhu, a bachelor of calligraphy, was ordered to copy ten volumes of calligraphy of Secret Pavilion Collection, and the words "Fa Tie X" were engraved at the beginning of each volume, which was collectively called "Chunhua Secret Pavilion Fa Tie". According to legend, the name "Fa Tie" started from here. Pedigree of legal positions
He said: "Xiling (Song Taizong) paid attention to calligraphy, revealed the original works collected by the imperial courts in previous dynasties, and ordered the king to carve the Forbidden City into ten volumes. This is the ancestor of the ancient law posts."
2 1
Inscription terminology. Refers to the use of cinnabar to directly engrave words on stone tablets. Lishi: The Story of the Stone written by Cai Yong was carved by workers. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiang Kui's Book Continuation: "If you get ink, you will be thin, and if you get Zhu, you will be fat. Therefore, the book Dan is particularly thin and powerful, while the ripe beauty is often redundant and the dryness is often insufficient. " Later, the epitaph of this book was generally called Shu Dan.
No.22 Toben
Books or images extracted from inscriptions and bronzes. Physical objects were first seen in the Tang Dynasty. Methods Rice paper was soaked in water, covered on the inscriptions of utensils, rubbed into a suitable paper bump, and then dipped in ink to make it. In ancient times, vertical paper and oil smoke ink were polished after extension, and the ink was black and shiny, which was called "Wujin Extension"; With horizontal paper, Song Yanmo, green and light, not oily, it is called "cicada wing exhibition". Also known as "Zhu Tuo", the scarlet extension; When a stone tablet has just been shaped or unearthed, it is called "initial extension".
No.23 stone carving
Specifically, it refers to calligraphy and painting carved on stone tablets and cliffs. For example, the stone carvings of Huiji in the Qin Dynasty and the cliff carvings of Ode to Shimen in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Huan Tan (New Theory): "On Mount Tai, there are more than 800 stone carvings, of which 72 can be identified."
Si Qian No.24
Also known as "painting" and "reflecting tape", it refers to the tracing between strokes or between words in calligraphy.
No.25 bamboo slips
Bamboo slips, wooden slips, bamboo slips and wooden slips are the most widely used and oldest writing carriers before the invention of paper.
Shiguo no.26
It means that the turning point of the transverse folding is not that Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang and Ou Yangxun pouted inward with Fang Bi in the early Tang Dynasty, and they had a strong and steep "shoulder", but that before the turning point of the transverse folding, the pen tip was gently lifted and then the pen was turned down, so that the corners of the eyes were round and subtle, and no traces were exposed.
No.27 yelang
"Side shift" means that the stippling of each part of a word gives way and echoes each other, so that words with more strokes do not appear dense, and words with fewer strokes do not appear sparse, such as the words next to "Ma" and "Wu", and the left side should be written straight to make way for the half word on the right; Other words with left and right radicals are also analogized.
No.28 ziran
Refers to the natural expression of calligrapher's knowledge and accomplishment, and the artistic characteristics formed without deliberate carving.
Shen Cai No.29
That is, charm, borrowing calligraphy, is the charm, charm and interest of the works, and is the pen and ink embodiment of the calligrapher's spiritual temperament and personality feelings.
No.30 Xingzhi
Refers to the physical aspects of calligraphy, including length, height, density and so on.
365438 Hao +0 temperament
It is the embodiment of inner spirit, momentum and charm.
No.32 bubai
Refers to the arrangement method of Chinese character spacing and the blank relationship between Chinese characters and lines. The stippling and blank space of characters are simple and short, and the structure is large, dense and correct. When writing, you must be flexible because of the characters. Proper white cloth is an artistic effect that can make words staggered and coordinated. Also, the whole work does this.
The arrangement between rooms is also called "white cloth".
Qixing 33
Refers to the echo relationship between words and lines in calligraphy works. Generally, broken pens, rows and articles are required. In writing, there are both changes and harmony, such as Song Cao in Qing Dynasty.
Zhu Mo No.34
Metaphor font strokes fat, bloated, lack of bones and muscles. Because the word is like an ink ball, it is named. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Yanyuan quoted the Dharma Sutra by Mrs. Wei in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Thirty-five cooperation
Sun Guoting in Tang Dynasty
Zheng Ping No.36
"Fairness" is what we often call "horizontal and vertical", which is a basic principle of stippling structure. However, it should be noted that the "flat" of "horizontal and vertical" is not a general flat, but a flat with oblique potential. Because people's eyes, vision is unbalanced, horizontal painting is really flat, because of the illusion of eyes, it seems to fall to the right. Therefore, the horizontal painting must be slightly oblique, but not too oblique. The approximate horizontal drawing slope should be 5. A seven. About. Beyond this angle, it is too oblique; Not as good as this angle, even peace is not good-looking. The so-called vertical means that every straight painting, whether in the middle, left and right, up and down, must be drawn straight, and it is not allowed to tilt or tilt (except for the straight painting with the door to the left and the door to the left).
No.37 raw and cooked
Proficient in calligraphy learning Beginners are born and practiced for a long time. Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty said: "The article should be familiar, and if it is familiar, it will be full of gas." The spiritual temperament of fingering books. It is generally believed that if it is too ripe, it will be kitsch, and if it is ripe, it will be elegant. In Qing Dynasty, Wu Dexuan's "On Lou Shu in the Early Moon" said: "Dong Siweng (Qi Chang) said,' If you write, you will be born naturally'.
oh Valley (Huang Tingjian) was born in the middle, Dongpo (Su Shi) was born in the middle, and Mo Jun (Cai Xiang) and Bird (Mi Fei) were quite interesting. Zhao Qiao became a popular school. "
Habit 38
On artistic conception of calligraphy. Generally refers to the emotional appeal of tying a knot with a pen. It's derogatory. On Zhao Meng by Wang Shu in Qing Dynasty? \ Book: \ "Zi Ang's talent is not as easy as Song Sijia's, but he won by hard work. After becoming famous at the age of late, I couldn't help sliding and got used to it. "
No.39 Rutie
The so-called post-entry means that in the process of learning a book with WordPad as a template, from unfamiliar to familiar, you can gradually master the template's brushstroke, pen gesture and even mental outlook, and you can enter the post harmoniously with the original post. This is a very high standard, which is difficult to achieve without hard work. Generally speaking, if you can reach the level of posting, you will enter the field of "specialization".
It is not too far from establishing a "portal".
No.40 iron removal
The so-called paste means that in the process of copying the template, you don't stick to the template and imitate it step by step, but write your own face while mastering the brushwork, brushwork and brushwork of the template.
No.41change
"Change" means that a word has more than two identical strokes, so the shape should be changed to avoid similarity.
No.42 Du Tie
"Reading" posts means reading more and dealing with the words in the posts, which helps to remember the characteristics of the posts, deepen the impression and avoid rebirth.
No.43 ink
The color of ink can be divided into dry and dry, and the technique of making a book dry is called "using ink".
You must draw with ink, and the ink should be shallow. Wang Shu commented on Dong Ri in Qing Dynasty: "At first, ink was used in painting, which was fresh and charming at first, but dull for a long time. However, no one used ink in their books without intensive use, and the audience didn't pay attention. " Ink style often varies from person to person. For example, Liu Yong likes to use thick ink, while Wang Wenzhi is good at light ink, so there is a saying that "thick ink is the prime minister and light ink is the flower". Wu Changshuo, a close friend, makes good use of Jiao Mo and is unique.
No.44 bone method
Also known as "bone strength". Calligraphy terminology. Refers to the pen power contained in writing and stippling. It is the pillar of stippling and form, and also the basis of expression. Liu Xizai in Qing Dynasty
No.45 roufa
Metaphor is a technique that is thick and thin in pen and ink, fat and thin, and thick and light in writing. In Yuan Dynasty, Chen Yi once said in the article "The Meat Method" in Hanlin Yaomu: "The meat of a word is also a pen. The sparse place is full and the dense place flies. You are fat when you are full, and thin when you fly. Fat people have enough points; Thin words will save a lot of points. " Brush strokes are written in ink and wash, so it is also called: "beginners are lively, and squatting is light and round;" Old age is tight, and squatting is heavy. If the water is too dirty, the meat will be scattered; if it is too dry, the meat will wither. Dry ink is a wet pen; Wet grinding ink is dry pen. If the ink is too thick, the meat will stagnate; if it is too light, the meat will be thin; Thick and more tired, the products are uneven. "
Blood method no.46
Metaphor is a technique of using ink and water in calligraphy. Chen Yizeng in Yuan Dynasty
No.47 ink method
Also known as "blood method". One day: use ink. The predecessors called it ink painting, and the blood of the word is also. Therefore, when writing books in the field, I am extremely particular. Too light ink will damage the color, too thick ink will delay the pen. Must be "eager to live, talk about it." Song Jiangkui's "Continuation of Book Spectrum with Ink" says: "To write a script, you should do it, but not too dry. When the grass is dry, it is good to moisten it, and it is risky to dry it. If the ink is thick, the pen will be sluggish, but if it is dry, I don't know. " Bao Qing Chen Shi's "The Story of the Art Boat II Series" said: "Painting and calligraphy are both based on pens and formed in ink, so ink painting is a key to calligraphy. In fact, the pen is heavy, but it is floating. ..... "Ink style, on the one hand, often varies from person to person. For example, the thick ink in the Northern Song Dynasty is practical, while the thick ink in the Southern Song Dynasty is flexible. Liu Yong likes to use thick ink, while Meng Lou just uses light ink. On the other hand, it is often different because of different book styles and paper properties. The next day: grinding ink. Su Song Jianyi's "Four Books of Study: Ink Spectrum" said: "Learning ink is like a disease, and it is important to be even without mud." Grinding ink should be cold, and it will give birth to light when it is cold. Don't heat the ink, it will blister when heated. The cover avoids the urgency and ink fever of its research. Li said, "users won't stop for a long time, but the dust pollutes each other for a long time and the glue will die." It's too dull to write. " Chen Yuan-Yi once said in the book "The Essentials of Hanlin Meat Method": "The method of grinding ink is both pressing and pushing, and the operation is nearly folded." "Never use inkstone to grind the ink, so that the ink will stagnate, and it must be temporarily considered by water drops." "Don't grind your own ink, your hands will tremble and your bones will be strong. It is also a taboo. "
No.48 brushwork
The method of writing and drawing with a pen. China's paintings and calligraphy are dominated by lines, and the tools used are all sharp pens. In order to enrich the line stippling of calligraphy and painting, we should first pay attention to writing, and grasp the weight, speed and correctness when lifting the pen. Straightening, straightening and other methods are called "brushwork". Zhang Tang Huai Jin said.
Zhangfa 49
Refers to the arrangement of the whole work, word for word, line by line, mutual echo, care and other methods. That is the "white cloth" of the whole work. Also known as "big rules". Traditionally, it's also called the arrangement of one-character stippling, and the relationship between one-character arrangement and numbers is a "small chapter method". Zhang Shen explained calligraphy in Ming Dynasty: "The ancients used a writing method to write like a composition. Composition, article method and final structure are all corresponding. Therefore, the cloud says:' One is divided into one word rule; A word is the owner of the last article. Mingdong chess field