biography
He doesn't like the title of "Red Chamber" or the title of "Red Chamber", but he and "Red Chamber" have a long history-when he was very young, his mother had a Japanese version of "Stone". He was too young to understand, so he left it behind. After studying in Nankai Middle School, I often talked about Red with my classmate Huang Shang, who later became a famous prose writer and even tried to translate A Dream of Red Mansions into English.
He really embarked on the road of "researching red" from 65438 to 0947. At that time, he was a student of yenching university Western Language Department. His fourth brother often noticed when reading the textual research articles of Hu Shi, the leader of A Dream of Red Mansions in Yadong Edition, that Mr. Hu Shi mentioned that he had Duncheng's Collection of Four Songtang, but he didn't find Dunmin's Mao Zhai. He deeply regretted it and wrote to tell Zhou about it. Zhou went to the yenching university Library to check, but it was a quick decision. Duncheng and Dunmin were Cao Xueqin's best friends before his death, and his poems naturally contained precious historical materials. To this end, Zhou wrote an article introducing Deng Min's collection of poems on the piano, which was published in the supplement of the Republic of China Daily. Mr. Hu Shi read it and wrote back to discuss it. The letter was published in the newspaper.
Zhou recalled that one day in June of 1948, when he was studying in yenching university, he visited Mr. Hu Shi's house at Dongchang Hutong 1 Wangfujing Street. Mr. Hu Shi personally gave him the Story of the Stone in JOE, and then entrusted him with the collection of Four Songtang, and the preface to Qi Fu of the Story of the Stone, which was printed by a printing machine. It is precisely because of this karma that Zhou completed the new proof of A Dream of Red Mansions on 1948. After the book/KLOC-0 was published by Tangdi Publishing House in September, 1953, the paper in Luoyang was expensive for a while and reprinted three times in three months. In those days, almost all researchers had one copy.
Since then, Zhou has been transferred from a lecturer in the Foreign Languages Department of Sichuan University to the People's Literature Publishing House in Beijing as an editor, and has become a "red man" in academic circles. Because of this book, he became a typical representative of "bourgeois Hushi idealism" in the later political movement, from "red" to "black": 1968 was put in the bullpen, and almost a year later, he was sent to work in the May 7th cadre school in Xianning, Hubei.
Zhou Yisheng was bumpy. He was deaf in his twenties. Later, due to excessive use of the eyes, the eyes were almost blind. He only relies on the right eye vision of 0.05438+0 to support his studies. New Evidence of a Dream of Red Mansions, Biography of Cao Xueqin, Calligraphy Art and Selected Works of Yang Wanli, which have been studied and studied all his life, show Mr. Zhou's artistic talent and attainments in many aspects, which are far from being summarized by the word "red scientist". Although he is an old man, his thinking is no less than before, and he still insists on writing and writing books every day.
Zhou's main works:
1980 went to the United States to attend the "first international symposium on a dream of red mansions"; 1984, he was appointed by the state to the Soviet Union to inspect the stones in Leningrad. 1986- 1987, awarded by the Ruth Foundation of the United States, visited the United States to give lectures for one year and served as a visiting professor at the University of Wisconsin.
Monograph of A Dream of Red Mansions: A New Certificate of A Dream of Red Mansions (400,000 words), published by Shanghai Tangdi Publishing House 1953, sold three editions in March, and then updated to 800,000 words, published by People's Literature Publishing House 1976; Cao Xueqin (140000 words), published by Writers Publishing House 1964, and later updated to 200000 words of Biography of Cao Xueqin, published by Tianjin Baihua Publishing House 1980; Gong Kao (1.20 million words) was published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House in 1.98 o; Qin Xianji (400,000 words), published by Shanxi People's Publishing House,1985; The Story of the Stone (200,000 words), co-authored with Chang, published by Bibliographic Literature Publishing House,1985; A Dream of Red Mansions and China Culture (654.38+0.80 million words) was separated from Dongda Bookstore in Taiwan Province Province in 654.38+0.989; A Dream of Red Mansions (1 10000 words), published by Heilongjiang People's Publishing House (1989); Gong and a Dream of Red Mansions (200,000 words), published by Beijing Yanshan Publishing House 1992; The new biography of Cao Xueqin (230,000 words), published by foreign languages press1992; The Art of the Red Chamber (654.38+0.90 million words), published by People's Literature Publishing House in 654.38+0.995; The true story of a dream of red mansions (270,000 words), published by Huayi Publishing House,1995; A Dream of Red Mansions is 654.38+0.20 million words, published by Beijing Library Press in 654.38+0.998; Zhou's Anthology of A Dream of Red Mansions (654.38+0.84 million words), 654.38+0.998, published by Huayi Publishing House; The first man with romantic literary talent (250,000 words), published by Oriental Publishing House 1999; Twelve floors of the Red Chamber (286,000 words), published by Shu Hai Publishing House in 2005.
Academic monograph: Selected Poems of Fan Chengda (220,000 words), published by People's Literature Publishing House 1959 and 1997; Selected Poems of Bai Juyi (200,000 words), co-authored by others, published by Writers Publishing House 1962 and People's Literature Publishing House 1997; Selected Works of Yang Wanli (280,000 words), published by Zhonghua Book Company 1962, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1979 and Hebei Education Publishing House 1999; Questions and Answers on Calligraphy Art (80,000 words), published by Zhonghua Book Company 1980, Culture and Art Publishing House 1982; Appreciation of Poetry (200,000 words), published by Guangdong People's Publishing House 1987; Weekly volume (280,000 words), published by Chinese Publishing House 1999; Zhou Juan, Selected Works of Contemporary Scholars (540,000 words), published by Ange Education Press 1999.
Other achievements: 40 figure paintings of stone, published by People's Fine Arts Publishing House 1979; Hua Qingying (230,000 words), published by Shanghai Oriental Publishing House Center, 65438-0997; The Legend of Rouge Rice (185000 words), published by Chinese Press 1998; A Collection of Mo and niles (308,000 words), published by Shanxi Education Press 1998; The Story of Zhi Xuexuan (654.38+0.80 million words), published by Shanghai People's Publishing House (654.38+0.999).
In addition, he also edited the Dictionary of a Dream of Red Mansions and the China Contemporary Culture Series A Dream of Red Mansions. Revise the new editions of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, A Dream of Red Mansions and Selected Legends of Tang and Song Dynasties, and write a preface; China Ancient Literature Dictionary, Tang and Song Poetry Appreciation Dictionary, Famous Poems and Songs Appreciation Dictionary, Selected Short Stories of China in Past Dynasties, Poetry and Allusions Dictionary. "A Dream of Red Mansions in Esperanto" was written with a preface. In addition, a large number of academic papers, prefaces and columns have been published in local newspapers and periodicals.
This version aims to restore the original appearance of the "Red Chamber"
Liu said that Zhou Yisheng loved A Dream of Red Mansions and read more than ten kinds of ancient books he had studied all his life. "As early as more than 50 years ago, Mr. Zhou and his brother made a word-for-word comparison of 1 1 ancient versions of A Dream of Red Mansions, so as to compile a new version that best suits Cao Xueqin's original intention." This work was interrupted during the "Cultural Revolution". Later, Zhou continued this huge project with the help of his daughter.
According to Liu, People's Literature Publishing House published two versions of A Dream of Red Mansions after the founding of New China. The first edition was published according to Cheng Yiben published by Yadong Bookstore when Feng Xuefeng presided over the cooperative work before liberation. At that time, this version issued more than 1 10,000 copies, but there were many shortcomings. 1982, this version was replaced by the new version of Geng, an expert of China Redology Research Association. "This version is very popular in the book market now. At that time, the launch of this version was definitely a big step forward. However, due to the stubborn belief that only Geng is the most authoritative version, the work of compiling a new version of A Dream of Red Mansions has always been difficult to advance. Mr. Zhou has made efforts in this regard. "
Liu believes that experts and scholars have the responsibility to provide diversified reading choices for readers who love A Dream of Red Mansions. "When I reveal A Dream of Red Mansions, I often talk about many defects of the current version of A Dream of Red Mansions, such as cyclotron poems in many ancient books, but the current version does not. So many readers ask me which version to watch. Now, in fact, Mr. Wang provided such a version last week-it restored the original appearance of A Dream of Red Mansions to the greatest extent, and also reflected the original intention of Cao Xueqin.
Zhiyanzhai
The author of A Dream of Red Mansions is Cao Xueqin, which is not controversial. However, as a critic, Zhi Yanzhai revealed something hidden in the book, showing readers and researchers a maze of more than 200 years. There are different opinions about who he is and what is his relationship with Cao Xueqin. The existing version system of A Dream of Red Mansions can be divided into two systems. One is the fat evaluation system that only circulated the first 80 times and kept the comments of Zhi Yanzhai. The other is the Cheng Gaoben system pieced together by Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E, which deleted all the comments of Zhi Yanzhai and continued to write 120 times. The so-called fat review is the sum of all the copied copies of "The Story of the Stone" plus fat reviews. These manuscripts retain a large number of red notes, and some important manuscripts are engraved with the words "Red inkstone re-evaluates the Story of the Stone", so people generally refer to these early manuscripts of the Story of the Stone as fat reviews or fat reviews. Someone once wrote an article criticizing Zhi Yanzhai. He thinks that Zhi Yanzhai is a later scholar than Cao Xueqin. He won the trust of Cao, got some manuscripts, and became famous in the name of the author. If we look at it from this angle, Zhiben is simply a poisonous weed full of cancer, leaving behind all harm and no benefit. Most people who hold this view refute Zhi Yanzhai's comments from the contents of Cheng Ben 120 novels, and think that the comments are absurd, self-contradictory, full of self-promotion and serious exaggeration. However, from the textual research of the fat book system, it is undeniable that the fat book comes first and the craft book comes last, and only the revised version of the first eighty copies can be compared with the fat book. If the reader has two versions at hand, compare the first part of the novel. In addition, in the heyday of novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties, book reviews have not only been regarded as the storyteller's understanding of the novel's content and appreciation of the text, but have gradually evolved into a supplement and re-creation of the overall structure of the novel. This started with a generation of legendary man Jin Shengtan commenting on Water Margin and The West Chamber and incorporating them into his own creation, and Mao Zonggang and his son revised the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Zhang Zhupo's penmanship under the guise of books. As a novel, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many novels have the characteristics of unofficial history's hearsay, and it is indispensable to discuss the ruling and opposition parties and attack the current politics. In order to avoid the persecution of the literary inquisition and achieve the purpose of the novel being handed down from generation to generation, the phenomenon of deliberately using metaphors in novels is extremely common. For example, Jin Ping Mei obviously satirizes the family affairs of Yan Song in the Ming Dynasty, but sometimes because the historical facts are buried too deeply, readers only pay attention to the superficial plot content and cannot pay attention to it. Zhi Yanzhai is not the only one who commented on A Dream of Red Mansions. Besides Zhi Yanzhai, there are other people in the fat edition, such as pervert, Xing Zhai, and so on. Later, some people commented on the popular version of the living, such as the dream master, but Zhi Yanzhai was the first to comment, and added several comments in succession, often hitting the nail on the head. Through a careful study of the contents of Zhi Pi Zhai, we can find that Zhi Pi Zhai is closely related to the author, knowing that the author is at the bottom of the book and has a * * * connection with the author's life experience and feelings, and being familiar with all kinds of strange methods used by the author in the process of writing a book. He often took pains to guide readers to find clues step by step, and even participated in the writing process of A Dream of Red Mansions. He was the earliest red scientist. But this mysterious figure has never been known to the world, and even whether it is a man or a woman has not been clearly debated. It is a strange phenomenon in the red circle. Before the 21st chapter of Chen Geng Book, there was a comment: A Dream of Red Mansions is all the same, but I lost its surname, only to see that its poems were horrible, so it was recorded in Sri Lanka: I committed suicide, and the son of Qian Sha was infinitely affectionate, and Mr. Qian hated it. Is it fantasy or vacuum, idle wind and idle moon, oh, in a bad mood, what should I do if I am in a bad mood? Many people write books. This is a unique song, and the poem is full of warnings. I also know that I am going to write a book at the bottom, but I am sorry that my name has been lost. This passage is obviously secretive. Imagine if Tso Gong and Zhi Yanzhai met such a confidant who knows the truth and has three tastes, and it was too late to be thankful and sigh. Is there any reason to remember the poem clearly but forget the other person's name So I'm afraid this guest can only be the author or the approver himself. I'm afraid it will cause too much trouble, so I'll call the roll here. It can be seen from the meaning of the poem (if Zhifu says this poem is famous for its happy ending): A Dream of Red Mansions is a self-arguing, self-directed and self-acting play. The two characters in the play are Jia Baoyu, who is full of love as a novel, and Mr. Yan Zhi, who is full of hatred and criticism. These two characters are very lively with each other, but they all belong to an organic part of the whole dream of red mansions. In other words, fat criticism is indispensable to A Dream of Red Mansions. Without him, readers can only see Mr. Qian Sha's infinite affection, but they can't appreciate the hatred of Mr. Yan Zhi, the other side of the book. So who should hate the whole book? It is clearly written in the poem: a piece of nonsense, a bitter tear, the author of Dou Yun is crazy. Who can explain the taste? Of course, I want to express my hatred for the author Cao Xueqin. So, isn't Mr. Yan Zhi mentioned here the doppelganger of Zhi Yanzhai, the author of A Dream of Red Mansions? Of course, the other part of the author's emotional doppelganger is mainly entrusted by Jia Baoyu. In this way, the structure of the book is extremely complicated and interesting. We know that the main plot of the book is the story carved on the stone-the story of the stone. There are four main theories about the identity of Red Circle Zhiyanzhai: (1) The author says; 2 Shi Xiangyun said; 3 uncle said; 4 cousin said. These are all about the relationship between Zhi Yanzhai and Cao Xueqin. "The author said". This statement can't stand reasoning, and it is also the most difficult to establish. There are many expressions of "Yu Er Ren", "Writer" and "Approver" in Fat Criticism. There is a clear line between the author and the approver, so there is no doubt that there are two people. And if this is the author's "cunning brushwork", those people, that is, the author, will become boastful and have low personality, which is obvious. Judging from the spirit and thoughts revealed in A Dream of Red Mansions, how can an author with an empty mind be willing to slap his mouth? And that kind of arrogant and free-spirited literati image, which is "arrogant, eloquent, eloquent" and "arrogant like a gentleman, is even more fragmented", constantly does not allow himself to do such an unbearable thing. The biggest reason for this statement is that "when the author writes a book, how can others know about it" (in Yu Pingbo), which undoubtedly takes Zhi Yanzhai as an ordinary reader and ignores his close relationship with Cao Xueqin. "Shi Xiangyun said." Mr. Zhou picked out some comments similar to women's tone from Zhi Pi, so he decided that Zhi Yanzhai was a woman. For example, Geng wrote a line at six o'clock the second time: "If Brother Yu sees this batch, he will definitely say,' Old goods, he won't relax me everywhere, damn it!'" "In retrospect, I compared Yu to firewood. Dai and others were bosom friends, and Yu was lucky! Smile. " Back to Baoyu, saying that "a sentimental girl accompanied her on her honeymoon" annoyed Daiyu, and he criticized Yun sideways: "I will be annoyed, too. Mr. Zhou thinks that "it's not a woman if you don't scream" and "it's a female voice again" In fact, Cao Xueqin always put himself in the position of acting for the characters in the book during his creative process. If a woman is a woman, she intends to "talk". If the villain is a villain, she imitates the villain's tone. If she was a clown, she didn't swear, and many people were arrested. In essence, approving books is equivalent to writing books. You also need to devote yourself to the environment of the book and vent your related emotional feelings one by one. When you are satisfied, you will pity others and get the most from another angle. At the same time, according to a line in the second edition of the book, Mr. Zhou criticized the saying that "drinking for people first, then drinking for people" and thought that "knowing Yan Zhai is not among people", but it must be an important role in the book. It is most appropriate to further infer Shi Xiangyun. " Uncle said. There are two main reasons for this statement. 1. Yu Rui, a man of A Qing Dynasty, wrote in the book "Idle Pen at Jujube Window": "I have heard about the old book" A Treasure Mirror of Yue Feng "for a long time, also known as" The Story of the Stone ".I don't know why someone wrote it. Cao Xueqin got it, because the story told in the book is similar to that of his family. Because of the use of the title, he revised the book five times ... I have read the manuscript, and this book has comments on what happened in that year, which is very true. It is easy for people to call it A Dream of Red Mansions and "Baoyu" refers to his uncle, not his own portrayal. Both sentences begin with the word "smell", which should be a popular view at that time, not from his uncles Yi Ming and Lin Ming, so it can't be confirmed. This "smell" once aroused people's doubts about the copyright of Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions, and its fallacy was obvious (Fu Chayi may have made friends with Cao Xueqin, and there are 20 poems of tihongloumeng, the preface of which is: "Cao wrote Dream of Red Mansions to remember the prosperity of the romantic years, and ........................................................................... Yu Rui said to himself:" I want to associate the word Xueqin with its name, but I don't know it. Cao, a soldier in the Han Dynasty, didn't know his official flag. We don't know Cao Xueqin that well. How can I listen to his "smell" and believe it? Isn't it ridiculous to add the word "smell" to such a thing as "having friends with Cao Xueqin"? Secondly, Geng Chenben said for the eighteenth time: "Before Baoyu entered the school, Jia Fei introduced him when he was three or four years old." Fat criticism: "The critic brought this religion, so he criticized it and burst into tears. My elder sister died too early, otherwise, why should I become a cripple? " On this basis, Zhi Yanzhai called Wuchun her sister, and Yuan Chun's image was based on Cao Xueqin's aunt as a princess, so it was concluded that Zhi Yanzhai should be Cao Xueqin's uncle. "Cousin said". Zhi Yanzhai and Cao Xueqin are brothers. In chapter 22 of Jing Ben, there is a grotesque comment: "Let's talk to someone we have known before. After several years, all the scholars of the Western Qin Dynasty, Zhiyan and Xingzhai have not left one after another. Now there is only one rotten product left in Ding, and I would rather not kill it! " In the comment on writing, Cao Xueqin and Zhi Yanzhai are called "philosophers", while the self-proclaimed "rotten things" look like Cao Zhi is the same generation, and abnormal is one generation older than them. JOE's third time; "The host said,' I'm in poor health these days, and I'm sad to see the girls, so I can't bear to see them for the time being. "The pervert criticized:" I haven't made a statement for a long time, and I may wake up when I see this statement. "There is more than one grotesque self here, which can prove that he is the elder of Zhiyanzhai who is smarter than Jia Baoyu. Jia Xuben said for the second time, "In the garden in the back area. "Zhifu:" Why don't you use the word "west"? I am afraid that my husband will cry, so I dare not use the word' west'. " According to Zhi Yanzhai's respect for "Mr.", "Mr." should be an elder, otherwise it is abnormal. Cao Yin calls himself "Xitang Flower Sweeper", and his branch is extremely sensitive to the word "West". When future generations write books, they naturally avoid them. At this time, the earliest time for mass production was Xu Jianian (1754). In the above three comment on writing, no matter "Mr" or "pervert", it will not be Cao Yin himself or his brother, but only Cao Yinzi's nephew. Red inkstone is naturally the grandson of Cao Yin, so he is equal to Cao Xueqin. In addition, it seems more reasonable that Zhi Yanzhai and Cao Xueqin are brothers of the same age. For the first time, I wrote a fat criticism: "from time to time, I just hope that the Lord of nature will give me another Qin and a fat." What's the use of books? " The other two are also very happy in Jiuquan. ""One Qin and One Fat "also said that it is conceivable that the relationship between them should be suitable for equal brothers. The study of A Dream of Red Mansions began in the early 1920s. 1920 When Lu Xun wrote A Brief History of Chinese Novels, all the references to A Dream of Red Mansions were in the order of the movable type versions of Biography of Qi and Biography of Gao Mu. It can be seen that Lu Xun paid more attention to paper money than to high currency. 1927, Hu Shi bought a copy of JOE, and published the article Textual Research on New Data of A Dream of Red Mansions in February of the following year. This is the first monograph in the history of a dream of red mansions, and it is also the beginning of the study of a dream of red mansions. Around this time, the banknotes of A Dream of Red Mansions were discovered one after another, and so far there are the following twelve kinds. (in the order of discovery): 1. Qi's Preface to the Story of the Stone, referred to as Qi Xu Ben, consists of eighty chapters. 19 12 There was a lithograph printed by Zhengshu Company in Shanghai, and the first 40 chapters of the original manuscript were found, which is now in Shanghai Library. Second, "Re-evaluation of the Stone Story in Hongyan Zhai" (Jiaxuben) is referred to as Jiaxuben, and the remaining 16 chapters. 1927 was collected by Hu Shi, originally collected by Liu Quanfu in Daxing. This book is in the Cornell University Library. Three, "Hongyan Zhai Re-evaluation of the Stone Story" (bazaar edition) referred to as bazaar edition, there are 38 times, followed by three times, two times and a half, and now it is forty-one times, two times and a half. It was first collected by Dong Kang, then by Tao Zhu, and now it is in Beijing Library. The newly discovered three times and two and a half times are still collected by the historical museum of the original discovery unit. 4. Re-evaluation of the Stone in Hongyan Zhai (Chen Geng Edition) is called Chen Geng Edition for short, with seventy-eight chapters. It was purchased by Xu Xingshu in 1932 and is now in Peking University Library. 5. Biography of the State of Qi The Story of the Stone (collected in Nanjing Library), referred to as the Book of Qi Ning for short, is an old collection of Nanjing Library. 6. The Preface to a Dream of Red Mansions, referred to as eighty chapters for short, was discovered in Shanxi in 1953 and is now in Beijing Library. 7. One hundred and twenty copies of Qianlong's manuscript A Dream of Red Mansions, referred to as Dream Draft, were discovered in the spring of 1959 and are now in the library of the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Sciences. 8. The Story of the Stone, referred to as "Mongolian Palace Collection", was originally eighty times, and paper money was made into one hundred and twenty times. It was discovered in 1960 and is now in Beijing Library. Nine, Shu preface "Dream of Red Mansions" is referred to as Shu, with 40 existing copies, old collections, Zhu Nanxi's copy, and Beijing Library. Ten, Zheng Zhenduo banknote "A Dream of Red Mansions" referred to as Zheng Ben, there are twenty-three or twenty-four copies, collected in Zheng Zhenduo, and now in Beijing Library. Eleven, Yangzhou Jing Ke Tibetan banknotes "Stone" referred to as Jing Ke Tibetan, eighty times, Jing Ke old collection has been lost. 12. Leningrad Institute of Orientalism, the banknote "stone" was collected for short, eighty times, missing five or six times, and seventy-eight times, and was collected in Leningrad Branch of Institute of Orientalism of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. In addition, A Dream of Red Mansions, a Xiu Xiang block-printed movable-type edition published in191,is internationally known as Cheng Jiaben, and its original edition is also an early banknote based on fat. There are thirteen different early notes of A Dream of Red Mansions. Except that the Classic Edition has been lost, only the Fat Edition has been preserved and lost, the other twelve kinds, whether it's A Collection of Light Pieces of Jade or The Completion of Zhao Bi, are precious materials for studying the banknote edition of A Dream of Red Mansions.