Judging from the ups and downs of painting development, the development of meticulous painting has not been smooth so far; The appearance of this painting form should be initially influenced by the bright colors of early murals. We can get a glimpse from the tombs and Dunhuang murals unearthed today. After thousands of years, the wisdom of countless people has accumulated and developed, becoming more and more mature; Among them, there are neat and complicated paintings, as well as works that directly use color and attach importance to the interest of pen and ink.
However, in the Ming Dynasty, Dong Qichang put forward the theory that "painting is divided into two factions", and under the theory of "respecting the south and restraining the north", he included meticulous painting in the "northern faction" and regarded it as a craftsman, which made such an important mainstream of painting fall into a worse and worse situation. Until the early years of the Republic of China, under the influence of the May 4th New Culture Movement, there were many voices to reform Chinese painting. At that time, sages such as Jinbeilou, Zhou, Zhou, and other artists and their predecessors set up painting research societies one after another, and "meticulous painting" revived and prospered again.
Chinese painting is one of the traditional plastic arts in China. It has its own system in the world art field, and it is also the most complicated painting, and its internal classification is even more complicated. Zhang Yanyuan's Record of Famous Paintings in Past Dynasties in Tang Dynasty is divided into six chapters. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Xuanhe Huapu was divided into ten branches. Deng Chun's painting in the Southern Song Dynasty is divided into eight categories. According to pen and ink techniques, it can be divided into meticulous brushwork, large freehand brushwork and small freehand brushwork (that is, writing with work), and according to color setting, it can be divided into three categories: line drawing, ink painting and color painting. According to their functions and uses, they can be divided into temple murals, easel paintings, folk paintings and decorative paintings. According to the theme of the works, it can be divided into Buddhist paintings, genre paintings, historical paintings, folk New Year paintings and literati paintings. According to the tool materials, it can be divided into painting, coloring and ink painting. But the most popular ones are divided into three categories according to the subject matter: figures, landscapes and flowers and birds.
Landscape painting is called "landscape" for short. Painting with natural scenery as the main body. The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties gradually developed, but it was still attached to figure painting, which was mostly used as a background. Independence began in Sui and Tang Dynasties, such as Zhan Ziqian's colorful landscape, Li Sixun's Jinbi landscape and Wang Wei's ink landscape. Wang Qia's splash-ink landscapes, etc. ; During the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty, landscape painting flourished, with a large number of painters such as Hao Jing, Guan Tong, Li Cheng, Dong Yuan, Ju Ran, Fan Kuan, Xu Daoning, Yan Wengui, Song Di, Wang Shen, Mi Fei, Mi Youren, Wang Ximeng, Zhao Boju and Zhao Bojun competing with each other between the north and the south, reaching a peak and becoming a major painting genre in China. Landscape painting in Yuan Dynasty tends to be freehand brushwork, taking virtual as reality, focusing on the charm of pen and ink, and creating a new style; Ming and Qing dynasties and modern times, continuous development, a new look. Pay attention to the professional position and artistic conception in the performance. The traditional methods are ink painting, turquoise, resplendent, boneless, light red, light color and so on.
Qing dynasty: the prosperity of ink freehand brushwork painting and its integration with western painting continued the trend of painting in Qing dynasty since Yuan and Ming dynasties. Literati painting prevailed, landscape painting flourished, and court painting developed new. The integration of Chinese and western painting appeared in Kang and Gan periods. Generally speaking, ink freehand brushwork is popular in technique. In the early painting world, there were two thoughts of "Four Kings" and "Wu Yun" and "Four Monks" in the field of literati painting. In the landscape painting in the early Qing Dynasty, painters paid more attention to brushwork and pen and ink, and their styles and techniques competed with each other. Under the influence of western painting, the new exploration of traditional techniques of China landscape painting. Although the figure painting in Qing Dynasty didn't improve much in artistry, it was more prosperous than that in Ming Dynasty and developed in freehand figure painting. The painting academy flourished in Kanggan period of Qing dynasty, and the techniques of the painters in the painting academy were obviously different from those of the literati painters in cloth. Being neat and colorful is the ability of court painters, but the artistic conception is relatively dull. Wild Chinese cloth painters are mainly freehand brushwork in ink and wash, but also bring meticulous figures, and are good at pursuing the artistic conception of ink and wash. In the early Qing Dynasty, the painting world developed a technique of "finger painting", which used fingers instead of brushes to paint on Xuan paper and silk. Among the techniques of flower-and-bird painting in Qing Dynasty, meticulous brushwork, freehand brushwork and boneless techniques are very popular, which not only inherits the tradition, but also innovates. Flower-and-bird painting in Qing Dynasty flourished in Kang and Gan dynasties, and was mainly used for decoration.
20th century: epigraphy calligraphy introduced painting, combined Chinese and western styles, and incorporated the brushwork of calligraphy seal cutting into painting, which has the flavor of epigraphy. In the use of color, it breaks through the tradition of the ancients and absorbs the characteristics of folk colors, with bright colors and strong contrast. In the past hundred years, China's modern painting has developed in the cultural environment influenced by western artistic thoughts. Under the influence and impact of western art, China's painting techniques broke through the traditional mode and a new situation appeared. According to different views of painting, the exploration of techniques basically follows two roads: one is the traditional road of "borrowing the past to open up the present", which is less influenced by the west and seeks changes from the tradition itself. Break through the limitations of literati painting, expand the scope of study, draw nutrition from stone tablets and folk art, and realize the revival and development of modern Chinese painting on the basis of traditional technique schema. Qi Baishi, Huang, Pan Tianshou and Fu Baoshi are the most outstanding painters of this kind. The other is the combination of Chinese and Western art, represented by Gao, Xu Beihong, Liu Haisu, Lin Fengmian and Li Keran.