division into districts
As of June 65438+February 3, 20051day, Xi had jurisdiction over 9 municipal districts and 4 counties.
Xi covers an area of 9983 square kilometers and has a population of 7.32 million (2006).
Weiyang district covers an area of 26 1 km2 and has a population of 420,000. The postal code is 7 1002 1.
Lianhu District covers an area of 38 square kilometers and has a population of 6 1 10,000. The postal code is 7 10003.
The new urban area covers an area of 3 1 km2 with a population of 500,000. The postal code is 7 10005. Taihualu sub-district office
Beilin district covers an area of 22 square kilometers and has a population of 7 1 10,000. The postal code is 7 1000 1. People's Government of the West Section of South Second Ring Road.
Baqiao District covers an area of 322 square kilometers and has a population of 460,000. The postal code is 7 10038.
Yanta District covers an area of 152 square kilometers with a population of 700,000. The postal code is 7 1006 1.
Yanliang district covers an area of 240 square kilometers and has a population of 250,000. The postal code is 7 10089.
Lintong District covers an area of 898 square kilometers and has a population of 680,000. The postal code is 7 10600. 4 1 Shuyuan Street, People's Government.
Chang 'an District covers an area of 1.583 square kilometers and has a population of 940,000. The postal code is 7 10 100. Qu Wei Street People's Government.
Lantian county covers an area of 1977 square kilometers and has a population of 640,000. The postal code is 7 10500. Languan town people's government.
Zhouzhi county covers an area of 2,956 square kilometers and has a population of 630,000. The postal code is 7 10400. Erqu town people's government.
Huxian county covers an area of 12 13 square kilometers with a population of 590,000. The postal code is 7 10300. Ganting Town People's Government.
Gaoling County covers an area of 290 square kilometers and has a population of 230,000. The postal code is 7 10200. Luyuan town people's government.
history
Xi, Athens, Rome and Cairo are also called the four ancient capitals in the world. From BC 1 1 century to AD1century, there were 13 dynasties or regimes that established their capitals and regimes in Xi 'an, which lasted for more than 1 100 years. 198 1 year, UNESCO recognized Xi as a world famous historical city.
The dynasty of Xi 'an with its capital ※
In the history of China, 20 regimes once established their capitals in Xi 'an. But which of them should be called dynasty and whose capital should be regarded as Xi 'an is a controversial issue. This is the different understanding of the concepts of "Korea", "capital" and "capital", which leads to the different understanding of which dynasty's capital is in a certain place. At present, the official statement is 13 dynasty. There are four different opinions: 10, 1 1, 12, 14, 17. Among them, there are two versions of 14 dynasty and 17 dynasty.
In numerical order, there are mainly the following statements:
*10 chao-in chronological order:
Western Zhou dynasty (363 BC), Qin dynasty (15 BC), western Han dynasty (265438 BC+00 BC), former Zhao dynasty (65438 BC+065438 BC), former Qin dynasty (33 BC), later Qin dynasty (34 BC) and western Wei dynasty (22 BC)
* 1 1 dynasty-On the basis of 10 dynasty, Wang Mang established a new dynasty (15 years ago).
* 12 dynasty-On the basis of 1 1 dynasty, the Western Jin Dynasty (Yu 4 years) was added.
* 13 Dynasty-Eastern Han Dynasty (Xian Di 6 years) joined 12 Dynasty.
* 14 Chao- there are two situations:
1. On the basis of 13 dynasty, add Daxia dynasty;
2. Add Wu Zhou established by Wu Zetian on the basis of 13 dynasty (15).
* 16 dynasty-On the basis of 13 dynasty, the regime established by Liu Xuan was re-established, and the Chimei regime established by Fan Chong and Liu Pengzi and the Daqi regime established by Huang Chao were added.
* 17 Chao- divided into two situations:
1. On the basis of the situation of 14 dynasty 1, plus the Dashun established by Wu Zhou, Daqi and Li Zicheng.
2. On the basis of the 13 dynasty, a new initial regime, the Chimei regime, was established, and He Daqi Dashun was established.
From about 1 1 century BC to the end of 9th century A.D., An was the political, economic and cultural center of ancient China, and was always under the jurisdiction of local administrative organs-Zhou, County, Fu, Lu, Province, Chang 'an, Xianning and other counties. In most dynasties, Xi 'an was subordinate to Jingzhao Prefecture (county), which was a county-level organizational system. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jingzhao was changed to Anxi Road (later changed to Fengyuan Road). In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1369), Fengyuan Road was abandoned and xi Anfu was established, hence the name An. 1928 was first established as a city in Xi, and 1948 was changed from a provincial city to a city under the jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan of the National Government. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Xi 'an was once a city under the jurisdiction of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, a city under the jurisdiction of the Northwest Administrative Region, a municipality directly under the Central Government and a city under separate state planning. Since 1954, Xi 'an has been the capital of Shaanxi Province, and now it is a sub-provincial city, with jurisdiction over nine districts and four counties.
geography
● Location
Xi 'an is located in the Guanzhong Basin in the middle of the Yellow River Basin in the hinterland of Chinese mainland, between east longitude107 40 ′ ~109 49 ′ and north latitude 33 39 ′ ~ 34 45 ′. The eastern part is bounded by Zero River and Yuanqiu Mountain, and is connected with hua county, Weinan, Shangzhou and Luonan counties. The western part is bounded by Taibai Mountain and Qinghai Loess Plateau, bordering Meixian County and Taibai County. South to the main ridge of the North Qinling Mountains, bordering Foping County, ningshan county County and Zhashui County; It reaches Weihe River in the north and crosses Weihe River in the northeast, and is adjacent to Xianyang City, Yangling District, Sanyuan, Jingyang, Xingping, Wugong, Fufeng County and Fuping County. Jurisdiction is 204 kilometers from east to west, north and south 1 16 kilometers; It covers an area of 9983 square kilometers, including urban area 1066 square kilometers. It covers an area of 9983 square kilometers. Xi 'an is located in the south of Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi Province, with alluvial plain in the north and denuded mountain in the south. The overall terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest and southwest, showing a dustpan shape. Qinling Mountain is located in the south of Xi, with an elevation of 2,000-2,800 meters, which is an important geographical dividing line between the north and the south of China.
China's geodetic origin and national timing center are in Xi 'an.
● Climate
Xi belongs to the warm temperate semi-humid monsoon climate zone, with moderate rainfall and four distinct seasons. The average frost-free period is 2 19-233 days. 65438+ 10 is the coldest month with an average temperature of-0.5℃-1.3℃; It is the hottest in July, with an average temperature of 26.4℃-26.9℃. The annual average temperature is 65438 03.3℃. The average annual precipitation is 507.7 mm -7 19.8 mm. The average annual humidity is 69.6%. The annual average snowfall is 13.8 days.
economy
In the national regional economic layout, Xi 'an has the geographical advantages of connecting the east with the west and connecting the east with the west, and has an important strategic position in the strategy of developing the western region. The comparative advantages of Xi are manifested in three levels: the advantages of world-class tourism resources; Advantages of national scientific research and education and high-tech industrial base; Advantages of regional finance, business center and transportation information hub. Through deepening reform and opening wider to the outside world, Xi is becoming an important inland open city in China.
In recent years, Xi 'an has continuously optimized the regional development layout. Xi 'an High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Qujiang New District, Chanba Ecological Zone and Yanliang National Aviation High-tech Industrial Base have achieved remarkable results, forming a new development pattern of "four zones and one base", which has become a central base for the transformation of Xi 'an's scientific and technological achievements, a window for opening up to the outside world and a new growth point for promoting economic development.
Human population
By the end of 2005, the permanent population of Xi reached 8068 1 000, including more than 5 million urban residents. There are 4 168200 males in the city, accounting for 51.66% of the total population; There are 3,899,900 women, accounting for 48.34% of the total population. Sex ratio (female 100, male 106.88).
culture
As the birthplace of Chinese civilization, Xi has a long history and rich cultural accumulation. It is the first batch of national historical and cultural cities promulgated by the people of China. Guanzhong people with Xi 'an as the center summed up their lifestyle and folk customs as the top ten eccentrics in Guanzhong. Eight scenic spots in Guanzhong, also known as Eight Scenes in Chang 'an, originated from the A Qing Dynasty monument in Xi's forest of steles, and recorded eight scenic spots in Guanzhong.
Shaanxi Opera, which is popular in Shaanxi and Northwest China, is also called "Bangzi Opera". It is the oldest, richest and largest vocal cavity system among the four major vocal cavities in China. Shaanxi dialect is one of the northwest dialects represented by xi 'an dialect. Xi's food culture is also profound. As the representative of northwest China cuisine, Xi 'an snacks are the most famous, and Muslim food accounts for a large proportion. Chang 'an Painting School in China's traditional Chinese painting originated from Guanzhong Shadow Play before the Han Dynasty, Shaanxi Puppet Show in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and colorful peasant paintings in Huxian County, all of which are indispensable and important components of an 'an culture.
travel
Xi has unique tourism resources and is a famous historical city in the world. From 1 10,000 years ago, Lantian ape-man in Paleolithic Age to banpo village in Neolithic Age more than six or seven thousand years ago, Xi 'an City has a history of more than 3 100 years, and many dynasties established their capitals here, which lasted for more than100 years. No wonder "Qin Zhong has been a country of emperors since ancient times"! During the Han and Tang Dynasties, Xi was the political, economic, cultural and foreign exchange center of China and the earliest international metropolis with a population of one million. "West Rome, East Chang 'an" is a portrayal of Xi 'an's position in world history.
Xi is also the starting point of the famous Silk Road. During the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, which officially opened up the Silk Road, starting from Chang 'an and connecting Eurasia. Since then, China's diplomatic envoys, businessmen and envoys in Central Asia, West Asia and South Asia have been in an endless stream, with the rapid development of Chinese and foreign commercial trade, increasingly active cultural exchanges and deepening friendly exchanges.
"Xi 'an's cultural relics are the best in the world", with profound historical and cultural accumulation and vast cultural relics. Xi 'an enjoys the reputation of "Natural History Museum". There are 554 key cultural relics protection units in the province, including 89 national key cultural relics protection units in Shaanxi Province, 8,822 mausoleums, more than 5,700 ancient sites and more than 2 1, 1 000 cultural relics. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit of Qin Shihuang is known as "the eighth wonder of the world". The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is the earliest site listed in the World Heritage List in China, and the Xi 'an Ancient City Wall is the most complete and largest site of the ancient city wall in the world. In recent years, the development of Hanyang Mausoleum has once again caused a sensation in the world, and its unearthed nude figurines are known as "Venus of the East". Banpo site with a history of more than 6000 years in the city; The Forest of Steles Museum, with more than 3,000 Ming Dynasty stone tablets, is called the Stone History Library. Shaanxi History Museum with the largest cultural relics reserves in China; Big Wild Goose Pagoda, where Xuanzang, a famous monk in the Tang Dynasty, translated scriptures; The oldest mosque in northwest China, the Grand Mosque of Huajue Lane, and the mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor of Xuanyuan, the ancestor of China, around Xi 'an; Liu Che Mausoleum, Tomb of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty; Tang Ganling, the tomb of Wu Zetian in Tang Dynasty and Li Zhizhi in Tang Gaozong; Sakyamuni Buddha refers to famen temple, the site of Daming Palace in Tang Dynasty, and other famous scenic spots at home and abroad. The natural landscape is steep and unique. There are scenic spots such as Mount Huashan, Zhong Nanshan, Taibai Mountain, Wang Shunshan, Lishan, Louguantai and Wangchuan Cave in and around the territory, and there are more than ten forest parks around. The cultural landscape and the new look of the ancient city complement each other, forming the unique charm of the ancient Xi 'an.
In recent years, Xi's tourism industry has developed rapidly and its tourist facilities have been continuously improved. Tourism has become a real pillar industry and leading industry in Xi. Xi was also awarded the title of "China Excellent Tourist City" in the first batch.
education
Xi 'an is one of the most concentrated cities of national key institutions of higher learning, and the number of students in the school is second only to Beijing and Shanghai, ranking third in the country. Xi's per capita education level is relatively high, with an average of 1 person in every 6 people with bachelor's degree or above, ranking first in the western region and leading in the whole country.
Xi has 37 colleges and universities, 36 private and other higher education institutions, 334 doctoral programs, 826 master programs, 60 national key disciplines and 385 provincial and ministerial key disciplines. In addition, there are 8 military colleges, 29 adult colleges and nearly 100 private colleges with more than 200,000 college students. Xi universities play an important role in personnel training, scientific research and production experiments. ?
Xi's university
Public and private colleges and universities
Xijing College of Xi Jiaotong University
Xi Anpeihua College of Northwestern Polytechnical University
Xi 'an Translation College of Northwest University
Xi Foreign Affairs College of Northwest A&F University
Xi University of Architecture and Technology Xi An Siyuan College
Xi 'an Eurasia College of Chang 'an University
Xi'an Technological University
Xi university of science and technology
Xi'an University of Technology
Second artillery engineering college
Xi' an Media College
The Fourth Military Medical University
Shaanxi Normal University
Xi an medical college
Xi Youshi University
Xi international studies university
Northwest university of political science and law
Xidian University
Xi' an institute of finance and economics
Xi 'an University of Posts and Telecommunications
Xi'an Polytechnic University
Xi Sport University
Air Force Engineering University
Armed Police Engineering College
Xi 'an Conservatory of Music
Xi Sport University
Xi 'an Academy of Fine Arts
Xi PLA Political College
information
Xi 'an Post is one of the six major communication centers in China (area code 029) and one of the 1 1 first-class mail re-export bureaus. Xi's informatization construction has developed rapidly, forming a modern telecommunication network covering urban and rural areas of the city, connecting the whole country and the rest of the world, such as optical fiber, digital microwave, satellite, program-controlled exchange, data and multimedia. "Digital Xi 'an" is under construction. Xi 'an Telecom's broadband multimedia metropolitan area network has covered more than 90% of urban areas and more than 40% of suburban counties in Xi 'an.
traffic
Xi is located at the junction of two major economic regions in central and western China. It is the gateway and transportation hub of northwest China to southwest China, Central Plains, East China and North China.
Xi Railway Hub is the largest railway hub in northwest China, connecting Longhai, Xikang, Ningxi, Baoxi, Houxi, Xian Tong and West Lake. Xi station is a special passenger station in China and an important station of the Eurasian continental bridge in China. Nowadays, Xi 'an's railway construction has increasingly become a transportation hub connecting the Yangtze River basin and the Longhai Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway.
Xi Xianyang International Airport is open to 68 domestic cities, 1 1 countries and regions, with 108 routes. In 2004, the passenger throughput was 6.36 million passengers and the cargo and mail throughput was 73,000 tons.
Highway construction has formed a high-grade radial trunk highway system with Xi 'an as the center, running through the whole province and radiating the surrounding provinces and cities. There are more than 2,800 kilometers of expressways and five national trunk highways passing through. The ring expressway and the new airport line were completed, the second ring road was fully connected, and the third ring road started construction, and a number of pedestrian overpasses and underground passages were built. All the cities and counties under its jurisdiction have opened expressways.
figure
Xi, the ancient capital, has a long history, rich humanities and talented people. More than 1000 people have been listed in the Twenty-Five History and other history books. They were born in the second place or lived and worked here for a long time, all of which created brilliant history and made great contributions to the development of the Chinese nation. For example:
ancient times
● Politicians Qin Shihuang, Han Wudi and Emperor Taizong
● Military strategists Wei Qing and Huo Qubing
● Thinker Dong Zhongshu
● Diplomat zhangqian
● Writers Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Liu Zongyuan
● Historians Sima Qian and Ban Gu
● Painters Wu Daozi, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan.
Modern Times
● Writer Liu Qing
● Social activist Yu Youren.
● Water conservancy expert Li Yizhi
Modern Times
● Writers Lu Yao, Chen and Jia Pingwa.
● Zhang Xiaohong, a management expert.
● Martial artist Zhou Dong