[Tripitaka (punctuation) Volume 11 (Song) The Biography of Monks in the Great Song Dynasty written by Zanning Volume 14, P 1294]
Huai Su (624-697) was born in Nanyang. He is a disciple of Xuanzang and the founder of Dongtaluzong. /kloc-at the age of 0/0, he became a monk and studied legalist classics. In the 19th year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan (645), Xuanzang returned to Chang 'an from India, so Huai Su took Xuanzang as his teacher and attacked the classics of the Ministry of Law. Not satisfied with his theory of learning from others, he wrote a series of new works, such as "Four Divisions". At that time, Huai Su lived in the East Tower of Taiyuan Temple in Chang 'an, so his law school was called East Tower Law School, which became one of the three major schools of law school. (Excerpted from Nanyang Local Records, Volume 46, Page 562)
Shi, whose name is Jinghui, is from Nanyang. After listening to the teachings of the Sutra of Light, I deeply realized the Buddhism and became a monk. He is a teacher, proficient in Sanzang and recites more than 500 thousand words. Worship Buddha 500 times a day I often recite the name of Maitreya when I am seriously ill. Disciple Zhi Sheng waited on him and asked him why he didn't want to live a quiet life. Jie said, "I would like to live with the first eight people, and I would like to live with the first eight people. I have no desire to go, so I have a wish. " Say that finish, there is light on me, and I look more pleasant, so I moved with confidence. 70 years old, buried in the cemetery.
[Tripitaka (punctuation), Volume 10 (Liang), Hui Jue's Biography of Monks, Volume 5, P94 1]
Zhang Xu, Wu (near Suzhou, Jiangsu), was a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. In calligraphy, he is especially good at cursive writing. His cursive script is endless and ups and downs. The so-called "Zhang Miao Yu Fei" means that his cursive lines are thick and full and extremely wonderful. Han Yu, a great scholar in the Tang Dynasty, praised his cursive art in Gao Xianxu. His cursive script, Li Bai's poems and songs, and Pei Min's sword dance are called "Three Musts" by contemporary people.
Zhang Xu likes drinking. Every time I get drunk, I yell wildly, freely and endlessly. God helps others, which is called Zhang Dian. According to Li Zhao's Supplement to National History, Zhang Xu wrote cursive script after drinking every time. When writing, he shouted with a pen, dipped his head in ink and wrote with his hair. His "Fa Shu" is elegant and wonderful, full of different tastes, and even he was surprised when he woke up. This is probably an exaggeration.
Wang Xizhi (303-36 1), whose real name is Shao Yi, is Lian Zhai. The ancestral home of Lang Xie Jianyi (now Linyi, Shandong Province) moved to Huiji and lived in seclusion in Jinting County in his later years. Good at calligraphy, known as the "book saint"
Secretary Wang Ren, General Ning Yuan, Jiangzhou Secretariat. Later, it was the literature and history of Huiji, and the right general was called "Wang Youjun". In March of the 11th year of Yonghe (355), he claimed to be ill and abandoned his official position, and moved to Jinting with his son Cao. Build a library, plant mulberry, teach children, write poems, and do calligraphy and painting entertainment. And with Xu Xun, Zhi Dun and other celebrities, all over the landscape.
Since Wang settled in Jinting, calligraphy has risen. His descendants are good at painting and calligraphy, and their works are hung all over the hall and study, so they are called "Huayuan Painting Hall". Later generations named the village "Huatang" and have been calling it so ever since. Wang Xizhi's remains are all over the county. Duxiu Mountain, west of Shengli West, is Wang Xizhi's reading place, and the plaque of "Old Tour Place of Right Army" is hung in guanyin temple on the mountain. The main temple in Taoyuan Township is built in the foothills, with Wang Youjun as the township owner. Xizhiping of Lushan Mountain in the north of Shengsheng, Yin Qing Temple in the east of Shengsheng, and Wanghanling at the junction of Shengsheng, etc. They are all places for Wang's recreation, and there are still traces to be found so far.
In the fifth year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (36 1), Wang was buried in Jinting Waterfall Mountain (also known as Ziteng Mountain), and the home of the fifth Sun Heng was Jinting Temple, and the site still exists. During the reign of Liang Datong (535-546), Sun Jianyou Temple was built in front of the tomb, and a bookstore and Mo Chi were built beside the temple. Tang Peitong is the author of Jin Ting Guan Jin Youjun Bookstore Mo Chi's Book. In the seventh year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (6 1 1), Sun Zhiyong, a seven-monk, instructed his disciple Shang Gao (Shaomen of Yongxin Temple in Xing Wu) to go to the Jinting to pay homage to the grave, and wrote an exhibition on the Tomb of Waterfall Mountain to erect a monument in front of the grave. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Tuguan erected a monument to the right of the tomb. In the fifteenth year of Hongzhi (1502), the stone tablet of "Wang Jin You Jun Tomb" was rebuilt, and it still exists today. In the winter of the 29th year of Qing Daoguang (1849), Wang's successor built the memorial archway of the right army in Jintingguan, which is still well preserved.
Mi Fei (1051-107) people's seal, numbered Xiangyang Manchu, Haiyue Waishi and Lumen Jushi. Originally from Taiyuan, Shanxi, I settled in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu. He is called "Mi Dian" because of his eccentric personality and crazy behavior, and he is called "brother" when he meets a stone. Zhao is a doctor of calligraphy and painting, known as Guan. Mi Fei is good at poetry, calligraphy and painting, and his appraisal is accurate. He is a painter, appraiser and collector. He is one of the "four calligraphers of Song Dynasty" (Su, Mi, Huang and Cai) and is second to none. His writing style is bold and unconstrained, and his statutes are rigorous. "The Biography of Wen Yuan in the History of Song Dynasty" said: "My calligraphy is particularly wonderful and I am deeply impressed by Wang Xianzhi's brushwork."
Mi Fei studied hard all his life and made the greatest achievement in calligraphy. Mi Fei claimed that his works were "collections of ancient Chinese characters", and he had a deep understanding of the brushwork, composition and charm of ancient masters, which also showed to some extent that Mi Fei had made great efforts in the tradition of learning books. Miffy was not involved in the political whirlpool and her life was relatively stable. Later, he became a doctor of painting and calligraphy, enjoyed the collection of books in the palace and familiarized himself with the Millennium stories. The gains and losses of the ancients are countless. When he was young, he studied hard Yan, Liu, Ou and Chu, and laid a solid foundation. When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, he visited for advice, and Dongpo advised him to study gold. From the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), Mi Fei devoted himself to the study of Wei and Jin Dynasties, searched many calligraphy posts of Jin people, and even named his study "Baojinzhai". Today, Wang Xianzhi's ink-and-wash autumn post is said to have been copied by him, which is both beautiful in form and spirit. Mi Fei turned to many teachers all his life, and in his later years, he also said in the book "readme": "I am a beginner, so I should learn to write the wall first. I was seven or eight years old. The words are as big as a picture, so it is impossible to write simply. I saw the willow and admired its tight knot, but I learned the Liu Diamond Sutra. For a long time, knowing that it comes from Europe means learning from Europe. For a long time, such as printing plate arrangement, it is the longest time to learn from Chu, and the season of Mo Duan turns fat into beauty, and all sides are perfect. Over time, Jue Duan Quanze exhibited Lanting, so he joined the Jin and Wei Dynasties and abandoned Zhong Fang to study in Yigong. " The same is true of Liu Kuanbei. The seal characters love Chuchu and Shi Guwen. I also realized that bamboo slips are painted with bamboo, which is wonderful and ancient. "
Mifei is famous for his calligraphy, and his achievements come entirely from hard training the day after tomorrow. Miffy comes to the pool every day. Historical records record: "If you don't write for a day, you will feel sleepy, thinking that the ancients never wasted books for half a time." "Zhi Yong inkstone into mortar, can reach the right army (Wang Xizhi). If you start with Zhong (Yao) and Suo (Jing), he can always encourage you. " His son Mi Youren said that he didn't even forget to write on New Year's Day. (According to Sun Zubai's Friends of Mi Fermi). Mi Fei wrote a book seriously and said to herself, "She wrote Hai Dai Shi Hua three or four times, but it's hard to believe the words in the book" ("Mingming Fan Taiwan Notes Mi Fei Yang"). A poem has been written three or four times, and only one or two sentences satisfy him. Among them, the bitterness is beyond the reach of an expert, which also shows his rigorous creative attitude.
Mi Fei's calligraphy is in Song Sijia, after Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian, and before Cai Xiang. However, regardless of Su Dongpo's position as a scholar or Huang Tingjian's influence as a leader of Jiangxi Poetry School, Mi Fei's traditional skill is the deepest in terms of calligraphy, especially his running script, which shows the correctness of both. Dong Qichang's Essay on Painting Zen Rooms in Ming Dynasty said: "I tasted the word rice and thought that the Song Dynasty was the first. After all, it was based on Dongpo. In other words, Mi Dian's books are more self-sufficient. When he changed in his later years, it was strange that ice was colder than water. " When the emperor asked about calligraphy, Mi Fei claimed to be a "brush character". He was modest and down-to-earth, and "brush character" showed that he was quick and energetic with his pen and tried his best. His calligraphy works, from poems to bamboo slips and inscriptions, are full of vitality and freshness. Judging from the existing nearly 60 Mi Fei's handwriting, the word "brush" vividly shows the spirit of the word "rice". No wonder Su Dongpo said, "Mi Fei is ecstatic." He also said: "Haiyue has been a seal character, an official, a true character, a line and a cursive script all his life. When you are parallel to Zhong Wang, dive and be happy. Not only worth it. " Mi Fei's calligraphy had a far-reaching influence, especially in the late Ming Dynasty. Many scholars, such as Wen Zhiming, Zhu Yunming, Chen Chun, Xu Wei, Wang Juesi, Fu Shan, etc., have taken a Heart Sutra from Mi Zi, and this influence has continued to this day.
Mi Fei's calligraphy has reached a high level, and his calligraphy theory is quite a lot. He is the author of History of Books, Famous sayings of Hai Yue, Visiting Bao Lu, Copyright Review and so on. It shows his outstanding courage and refined taste, and often scoffs at his predecessors. However, he never followed the old saying and was valued by calligraphers of all ages. However, he also talked too much, belittled Ada and Xu Su, and was harsh and critical. Mi Fei's ink handed down from generation to generation mainly includes Tiaoxi Poetry Collection, Shu Sutie, Fiona Fang Anji and Ma Tiancai, among which there are many Korean essays.
Mi Fei is good at ink and wash landscapes, and is called "the Yunshan of Mi Fei", but Mi Fei's paintings do not exist in the world. But at present, the only thing that can be seen is hardly a real "rice painting"-"The Picture of Coral Pen Holder", in which there is a coral pen holder inlaid with the word "golden sitting" by Zuo Shu. Then add rice dots and inscriptions, and Mi Jiashan water will pop up. It's quite interesting for Miffy to use painting as a ghostwriter.
Evonne (1082- 1 135), Emperor Hui Zong of the Northern Song Dynasty, reigned for 25 years (1082-135). During his reign, the traitors were in power, arrogant and extravagant, the state treasury was empty, the people were in trouble, and domestic and foreign troubles broke out one after another. In the seventh year of Xuanhe (1 125), the nomads from the army went south, and at the end of the year they turned to Zhao Huan (Qin Zong), claiming to be the emperor's father. In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), he was captured by Jin Bing, became the king of national subjugation with his son, and finally died in Wu Guocheng (now Yilan, Heilongjiang).
Evonne is an artist emperor. He is obsessed with calligraphy and painting all day long, and has no intention of sitting in the dragon chair to deal with the huge political affairs of DaSong. First, Gao Qiu, a famous football player at that time, was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the palace. Then he reused Cai Jing and Tong Guan, leaving political affairs to these men. He paid great attention to the cultural and artistic undertakings, personally took charge of the Hanlin Painting Academy, gave generous treatment to painters and encouraged them to create excellent works. A generation of great masters like Mi Fei and Zhang Zeduan came into being. He extensively collected folk cultural relics, especially epigraphy and calligraphy, expanded the Hanlin Painting Academy, and compiled the ancient calligraphy and painting collections collected by the imperial court into books such as Xuanhe Shupu, Xuanhe Huapu and Xuanhe Bo Gu Tu. He made outstanding contributions to the construction and development of the Academy of Painting in Song Dynasty, to the promotion and advocacy of calligraphy and painting art, and to the arrangement and preservation of ancient art. He can be called the emperor who loves painters instead of mountains and rivers. The conquered emperor was politically incompetent and lived in luxury, but he had profound artistic attainments. He plays the piano, paints and calligraphy, sings songs and writes lyrics. He is a great master. I have a lot of works in my life, all of which have been lost. The existing paintings include Furong Golden Rooster, Autumn Night in the Pond, Four Birds and Guixue River. There is a collection of Song Huizong's Ci.
Zhao Ji studied Huang Tingjian's calligraphy at the beginning, followed by Chu Suiliang, Xue Ji and Xue Yao, who mixed various schools of thought and learned from others, creating a unique "thin gold book" style. The Book of Thin Gold is an original creation in the history of calligraphy, which is characterized by being thin and straight, with bamboo edges, horizontal painting with hooks, vertical pens with dots, daggers, knives and slender vertical hooks. The so-called "like bending iron and breaking gold". This kind of calligraphy is a very mature style. Evonne brought its artistic personality into full play, which many later generations have learned, but few have learned. As the Book History Society praised: "The brushwork strives for strength, and the intention is natural, and it must be sought." There are thousands of cursive words handed down from generation to generation, mid-autumn moon poems and so on.
Wang Duo (1592- 1652) is also known as Juesi, Qiao Song and Chian. Jin Meng (now Jin Meng, Henan Province) was born. When I was a child, my family was very poor and lived a life of "I can't eat porridge twice a day". Tomorrow, the next year (1622), I will be a scholar, and I will be tired of the history of the Ministry of rites. Wang Duo is in troubled times, and his official career is changeable. 1644, Li Zicheng conquered Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty hanged himself in Jingshan. Ma Shiying and others set up the Axe King in Nanjing, waiting for the East Pavilion of the University. After entering the Qing dynasty, he went down to the Qing dynasty, and the Qing dynasty granted him a bachelor's degree in history, Guan Hong College of Literature and a little protection. Wang Duo changed from a veteran of the Ming Dynasty to an upstart of the Qing Dynasty. In the eyes of adherents of the Ming Dynasty, he was a despised second minister. Therefore, he is always depressed. After entering Qing Dynasty, Wang Duo was an official for 8 years and died in his hometown of Shunzhi for 9 years. During the Qianlong period, the court confiscated all the books and periodicals of Wang Duo, and included Wang Duo in Chen Erzhuan.
Wang Duo is well-read, with works in poetry and prose. He is knowledgeable in ancient times and has made great achievements in poetry, painting and calligraphy. In particular, his calligraphy is unique, and he is known as "Wang Duo" internationally. His calligraphy is as famous as Dong Qichang's, and he is known as "the king of South, East and North" in the late Ming Dynasty. His calligraphy is unconventional and relaxed, but it is full of free and easy and vigorous flowing. Wang Duo is good at cursive brushwork, vigorous and free and easy, dripping with fun. Dai said in the Postscript of Wang Duo's Cursive Poems: "(Mi Fei) is crazy about cursive writing, but his absolute thoughts are all about emotion. The sweeping of the floor in Wei and Jin Dynasties made him extremely happy and brave, which was beyond the reach of Zhao and Dong. " His ink has been handed down from generation to generation, and many calligraphy posts, letters and inscriptions have stone carvings, the most famous of which are Zhushan Garden Post and Langhuating Post.
Many people often complain about Wang Duo's character because he fell to the Qing Dynasty after the Ming Dynasty, and his character has many flaws. But his calligraphy is very popular in Japan, South Korea and Singapore. Wang Duo's calligraphy is very appreciated by the Japanese, so it developed into a genre called "Ming and Qing Tunes". His "Mountain Garden Post" was introduced to Japan and caused a sensation. They think Wang Duo is a first-rate calligrapher. Put forward the viewpoint that "the first king (Wang Duo) wins the first king (Wang Xizhi)".