In history, Liu Bei was actually a strategist who often led the troops to charge ahead, and was by no means like the so-called "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" in which Liu Bei cried for the country and hurt the people. The most typical one is Battle of Red Cliffs. Liu Bei personally took the lead, but played the role of flank cover, because the main force was Zhou Yu's 30 thousand army. Even after visiting the thatched cottage, Liu Bei often left Zhuge Liang at home for an expedition, which will be discussed later.
However, Liu Bei's military achievements are really not brilliant. His most proud work is to win Shuchuan and Xiahanzhong. The former is a counselor, but lost to Pang Tong; Huang Zhong, a veteran of the latter, has made outstanding achievements, and Liu Bei mainly directs operations. In the rest of the battles, he repeatedly lost and relied on others, which is also introduced in detail in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Liu Bei, on the other hand, started from scratch at the lowest level of society, and his position was the lowest among the monarchs of the Three Kingdoms (Cao Shi's family was powerful and Xiahou's family was close; Sun Shi family is a bully in Jiangdong, and it is not easy to become one of the overlords of the Three Kingdoms. From this point of view, although Xishu has the least talents, Liu Bei's level of attracting and absorbing talents is by no means lower than that of Cao and Sun.
Personally, I think Liu Bei's biggest mistake is to attack Dongwu with all his strength. Liu Bei's attack on Wu Dong showed that he looked around the country and saw that Cao Cao was invincible. Only taking the southeast Jiangshan was enough to fight against Cao Cao in the north. However, after the invasion, it was found that Wu Dong's strength was actually beyond his imagination, and he fell into the point of not advancing or retreating. Finally, he was defeated by Lu Xun, but he was helpless.
Zhuge Liang
The protagonist of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is actually Zhuge Liang, who is painted as "half man and half demon", which is not the case.
When Zhuge was alive, he was hardly in charge of the military except leading from Jingzhou and supporting Liu Bei in besieging Chengdu. Bowangpo's victory was an ambush set by Liu Bei, but later Cao Cao's troops arrived, and of course Liu retreated without a fight; Battle of Red Cliffs, Zhuge's credit is actually in Lingling, Changsha area for Liu Bei to seize the fields, and at the same time raised rations, rather than in the front of Chibi. As for lobbying Wu Dong, please refer to Lu Su below.
It was not until Liu Bei's death that Zhuge Liang began to play a role. But he did two things first, one was to get rid of his competitor, Li Yan, who was also an assistant minister, and the other was to pacify Meng Huo's forces in the south. After the completion of these two things, Zhuge Gao really took control of the West Shu, and he could say to his late master Liu Chan that "the palace and the government are in one" (which was disrespectful in the period of emphasizing imperial power). Since then, Zhuge Gao has started the Northern Expedition again and again. It is more appropriate to say harassment than the Northern Expedition. Except for the first time, it was more deterrent, and the rest did not pose a threat to Cao Wei.
Personally, I think Zhuge Liang is not as tolerant as Liu Bei. Wei Yan, promoted by Liu Bei, was the only truly independent warrior in the last years of Shu Han, but this man was repeatedly excluded by Zhuge Liang because of his own ideas, and Zhuge Liang only liked those who absolutely obeyed him. By the way, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang have very different views on talents. It can almost be said that everyone Liu Bei likes hates Zhuge, and everyone Zhuge likes hates Liu Bei.
Because I have always said too many good things to Zhuge Liang, I have also told Zhuge Aliang a lot of truth here. I should say that I still respect Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang was an outstanding strategist who assessed the situation and made an accurate prediction of Liu Bei's confrontation in Longzhong, but Zhuge Liang was by no means a master.
Guan Yu
Guan Yu's greatest fault is pride. Apart from Huang Zhong, a veteran who refused to accept him from Sichuan to Hanzhong, another example is given: Sun Quan asked to marry his daughter, and even if he didn't marry, he insulted him with the dirty words of the northerners, which was the most taboo for southerners at that time. Therefore, some scholars say that Guan Yu's death was self-inflicted, and Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang got rid of it in the name of Cao and Sun, which is very insightful.
Guan Zhen kept Jingzhou for many years, thanks to one person: Lu Su. It is precisely because Lu Su insisted on unifying the western Shu that Guan Yu was in Jingzhou. Otherwise, don't say that Zhou Yu and Lv Meng, who died young, have already targeted Jingzhou. Only before Lu Su died, Sun Quan always listened to Lu Su's advice. Therefore, Guan Yu only dared to shoulder the heavy responsibility, but he didn't know that everything should focus on the strategy of Sun-Liu alliance. It's only a matter of time before he collapses.
Guan Yu attacked Coss in Xiangyang. Due to the continuous heavy rain, Cao Wei's reinforcements, who were neither prepared nor good at water warfare, were caught off guard and collapsed. But later, Guan Yu stuck to the Huang Xu army in the ancient city at a loss, which showed that his ability only stayed there until he was taken to his hometown by Lu Meng.
Guan Yu's belief in the people is deep, but this is largely due to the deliberate elevation of the rulers, that is, to promote the so-called loyalty. Among the Three Kingdoms, he, like Zhang Fei, is a fierce image of "ten thousand enemies".
Ma Chao
Ma Chao is a tragic figure.
His struggle with Cao Cao ended in failure, and since then, he has forged a deadly enemy with Cao Cao. In fact, with Cao Cao's generosity, Zhang Xiu and Jia Kui, who have the revenge of killing their children (Cao Ang) and the pain of losing their children (Dian Wei), can accept it, not to mention Ma Chao of Wei Zhenxi?
But Ma Chao voted for Zhang Lu first, and then defected to Liu Bei when he besieged Chengdu. Later, Chengdu surrendered without a fight, because Liu Zhang saw that the tide was gone and had no intention of fighting again. One of the important factors is Ma Chao's submission to Liu Bei. You know, Ma Chao has unparalleled prestige and appeal in the local area. In fact, Liu Beixian sent someone to persuade Ma Chao to surrender. At that time, he was not sure. Later, I heard that Ma Chao was willing to submit. Liu Bei, who has plenty of food and grass, has no chance of winning. At this time, he was overjoyed and immediately said, "I am in Yizhou (Chengdu)!" " Less than 10 days later, Ma Chao surrendered to Liu Bei, and Chengdu surrendered without a fight.
During Liu Bei's period, Ma Chao was still highly regarded. Liu Bei called the king of Hanzhong "General Pingxi, in 1". Zhuge Liang ranked fifth at this time. But it is possible that all Ma Chao's family were killed by Cao Cao, and their anger is hard to calm down. They died at the age of 47. A generation of valiant soldiers failed to establish a career in Xishu, but at the end of their lives, they entrusted their younger brother Ma Dai to Liu Bei. Of course, if Ma Chao can live longer, Liu Bei will certainly take more precautions against him.
Sun quan
As mentioned earlier, the Sun Shi family belongs to the nature of local strongmen. Sun Jian took a fancy to the local beauty Wu (later Mrs. Wu), but Wu's relatives objected on the grounds of Sun Jian's bad reputation. Wu was afraid of getting into trouble and agreed, so Mr. Wu said in the reflection that it was somewhat forced marriage.
Sun Quan's achievement lies in creating a new situation in which the Sun Wu regime and the Wu family headed by Lu and Gu joined hands, thus creating a new situation in which the Sun Wu regime monopolized the southeast. Lu Xun's family has produced more than a dozen generals and marquis. Lu Xun and his son Lu Kang have successively become the military mainstay of Sun Wu. Lu Xun himself is also a general and prime minister, and Sun Wu's highest military and political position. But in the later period of Sun Quan, it dealt a blow to the surname of Wu Di, and Lu Xun was forced to death by him.
In addition, Sun Quan has the most flexible means in the diplomacy of the three countries, which is why he was accused of instability by later generations. In fact, this is also the difficulty of Sun Quan. He can't hold the emperor to keep people waiting like Cao Cao, nor can he call him uncle like Liu Bei. In the orthodox society, if he wants to dominate Jiangdong, he has to bear the burden of humiliation. Sometimes he resolutely resisted Cao in Battle of Red Cliffs, and sometimes he gave in to Xelloss when Liu Bei was at war.
There is no suitable name outside to convince the public, but there is the integration of local forces in Jiangdong. These are the two dilemmas that Sun Quan faced, but he solved them well. This is also a compliment to "having a child like Sun Zhongmou".
Finally, Sun Quan borrowed an arrow from a straw boat, and Sun Jian cut Hua Xiong's exploits, all of which were replaced by Mr. Luo Guanzhong.
Zhou Yu
Su Dongpo, a writer in the Song Dynasty who was familiar with the history of the Three Kingdoms, gave Zhou Yu the highest evaluation. The sentence "Think twice and be respectful" really tells Zhou Yu's masterpiece, namely Battle of Red Cliffs.
Whether Battle of Red Cliffs is a great war or an encounter between Cao Wei striker and Sun Wu alliance is still controversial. But there is no doubt that Zhou Yu is the main planner and commander of this campaign. At that time, even Zhang Zhao's etiquette was afraid of emergencies, and Zhou Yu was able to turn the tide and break the myth of Cao Jun's invincibility, which really contributed. No wonder Dongpo wants to raise this beautiful man who is proficient in melody so much.
But Zhou Yu's shortcoming lies in his poor sense of the overall situation. He didn't see that the alliance between Sun and Liu was the only way for the two families to survive at that time, and repeatedly advocated killing or placing Liu Bei under house arrest. After Battle of Red Cliffs, he repeatedly had a hard time with Coss in the front line of Nanjun. As a result, he was injured by an arrow. Not only was Jingzhou robbed by Liu Bei, but his young life was also involved. That's a real pity.
Please note that the sense of the overall situation is not the lack of tolerance mentioned in the romance. When Zhou Yu was in command of Wu Jun, there was another deputy, Cheng Pu, who had high military qualifications and often had a hard time with him, but Zhou Yu was generous and calm every time. It was not until Battle of Red Cliffs's victory that Cheng Pucai believed Zhou Yu.
Lu su
This man is definitely a visionary strategist.
As early as the first time this man saw Sun Quan, he had already told a strategy similar to Zhuge Long's hegemony with Sun Wu, that is, first take Jiangdong, then take Liu Biao Jingzhou, then take the Yangtze River in the west, and then compete with Cao Wei in the north. Although it is not as accurate as Longzhong, the time is before this.
When Liu Bei was caught up by Cao Cao's 5000 cavalry units in Changbanpo (this cavalry unit was a terrible unit at that time) and didn't know where to escape, it was Lu Su who persuaded Sun Quan to go to Dangyang himself and showed Liu Bei the meaning of Sun Wu's alliance. At that time, Liu Bei could only be said to be an unknown little person in Nantou, and he was overjoyed to learn what Lu Su meant. This is why Zhuge Liang was sent back to Dongwu to form an alliance with Lu Su. It should be pointed out that at that time, with Liu Bei's strength, he was not qualified to form an alliance with Sun Wu, who dominated the six counties in the East.
It was also Lu Su who persuaded Sun Quan to be "the enemy of many trees" after Liu Bei took the opportunity to win Jingzhou, and this is also Sun Wu's default attitude towards this fact. Since then, he has been guarding the upper reaches of Sun Wu after Zhou Yu, never caring about Guan Yu's arrogance, but starting from the overall situation of maintaining the alliance between the two.
After Lu Su's death, his successors Monroe and Zhou Yu had the same idea, so they attacked Jingzhou. Of course, Guan Yu, a warrior who didn't see the importance of Jingzhou, also gave the other side a chance. When Jingzhou fell, the West Shu was inevitably depressed until it perished, and Sun Wu, who was about to lose all obstacles in the upper reaches, could only fall under Wang Jun's boat after Lu Kang's death.
Cao Cao
Although I mainly talk about the characters of Shu and Wu, I still want to mention Cao Cao briefly.
Cao Cao is not only a politician and strategist, but also a writer who occupies an important position in the history of literature. Only from this point of view, Liu Bei and Sun Quan seem to be inferior.
The reason why Cao Cao appeared as a white-faced clown among the people is largely because of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. In the era of emphasizing orthodoxy, Cao Cao's cruel treatment of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (mainly under house arrest, coupled with the ruthless eradication of the surrounding anti-Cao forces, such as the empress) was inevitably criticized by later scholars, but today, Cao Cao's strength in unifying the North was unparalleled at that time.
It should be said that Cao Cao's achievements have been basically affirmed in the academic circles since Guo Laosou wrote "Reversing the Case for Cao Cao", and will not be developed. Responder: Liu Bei appeared.
Bangwen went to Zhuoxian, which led to a hero in Zhuoxian. That man is not very good at reading; Generous, reticent, angry or not.
The form is colored; Known as ambitious, specializing in making friends with heroes all over the world; Born seven feet five inches long, with two earlobes and shoulders, hands on knees and eyes.
Can take care of ears, face like a crown jade, lips coated with fat; After Liu Sheng, zhongshan jing wang, the great-grandson of Han Jing, surnamed Liu Mingbei,
The word xuande. Yesterday, Liu Zhen, the son of Liu Sheng, sealed the pavilion of Zhuolu in Hanwu. Later, he lost power with gold plating and left this branch in Zhuoxian.
Liu Xiong, the father of Xuandezu and Li Jia. Hong once gave filial piety and tasted the taste of being an official. He died early. Xuande is young and lonely, and his mother is filial; A poor family, a peddler
Take knitting seats as a profession. He lives in Lousang village in this county. In the southeast of his home, there is a big mulberry tree more than 50 feet high. Seen from a distance, Tong Tong looks like this.
Car cover. Xiang Zheyun said, "There must be noble people in this family." When Xuande was a child, he played with children under a tree in the country and said, "I am the son of heaven.
When riding this hood. Uncle Liu Yuan Qi made a strange remark, saying, "This son is very human! "See xuande poor family, often to him.
At the age of fifteen, my mother studied abroad, studied under Zheng Xuan and Lu Zhi, and became friends with Gongsun Zan.
Guan Yu appeared.
(Liu Bei and Zhang Fei) While drinking, I saw a big man pushing a car, stopped in front of the store, and walked into the store and sat down. He called the bartender, "pour it.
As soon as I finish drinking, I will rush into the city to join the army. Liu Bei looked at him: nine feet long and two feet bearded. If the face is heavy, the lips are painted.
Fat; Cheng, lying silkworm eyebrow, beautiful and dignified. Liu Bei invited him to sit with him and knocked on his name. The man said:
"My name is GuanMingYu, fairy. Later, it was changed to Yunchang, and Hedong solved the lover. I killed him because I was a powerful man in this place.
It's been five or six years since I fled the Jianghu. I heard that the army was recruiting thieves here, so I came to recruit them. "
Cao Cao appeared.
Headed by a kind hero, seven feet long, thin eyes and long beard; Courage, originality. Laugh at Qi Huan and Jin Wen's lack of talent, and discuss Zhao Gao and Wang Mang's strategy of being less vertical and less horizontal. Fighting is like Sun and Wu. They are familiar with strategy. Official worship riding a captain, a native of Peiguoqiao County, surnamed Cao, whose name is Meng De, is the 24th generation grandson of the Han Dynasty. At that time, people were unknown, but as soon as Qiao Xuan saw Cao Cao, he pointed out, "The world will be in chaos, and obedience can't be saved." Who can be safe, is it in Jun? When He Qing met Cao Cao in Nanyang, he said, "If the Han family dies, the world will be safe, and so will this person. "Xu Shao has a high reputation in Runa. Cao Cao went to see him and asked, "What do I look like? "There is no answer. He asked again and said, "Zi can rule the world, and traitors in troubled times. "Fuck, glad, thank you. Qiao Xuan said, "You are not famous, so you can give it to Xu Zijiang. "The child will be trained by his son. He is also good at human relations, appreciated by many people and has a high reputation with his brother Jing. Emerging figures who have a hard time talking about nuclear issues need more product topics every month, so Runan Customization has monthly comments. Cao Cao went to make a fuss and asked him, but he despised him and didn't answer. Cao Cao robbed him again and said, "Zi can rule the world, and treacherous officials in troubled times. "Fuck, leave happily. Cao Cao:
I would rather teach me to be negative than negative. "This is the most prominent aspect of Cao Cao's ambition. He can be wrong, but his subordinates cannot be wrong. There is a two-part allegorical saying that Cao Cao killed Lv Boshe-he was wrong when he was wrong. In order to win the world, this is the embodiment of Cao Mengde's great talent. He is not in a hurry to achieve success, and he knows how to hide his strength and foresight. However, even the cleverest person nods, and his suspicious heart has no intention to be the reason for his failure. His ambition can also be reflected in his cruel nature. In order to avenge his father, he attacked the city and plundered the land, killing tens of thousands of people, and innocent debris stopped the drowning people. However, his great talents are still told for us. Cao Cao is a famous historical figure in China. For thousands of years, there have been different opinions about Cao Cao. Those who are praised are heroes who serve the world, and those who are eliminated are called traitors and treacherous courtiers. Cao Cao's historical achievement in unifying the North is an indelible historical fact. In the northern unification war, Cao Cao played a prominent role, and the battle of Guandu laid the foundation for northern reunification. I agree that Cao Cao is a strategist. Some scholars think that Cao Cao is a poet, and I agree with him. Because "wine is a song, what is the geometry of life?" ..... The poem "The Duke of Zhou vomits food, and the world returns to the heart" is not a literary artistic conception that ordinary literati can achieve. Some people think Cao Cao is a politician, but I think some comments are on the high side. First of all, Cao Cao committed the atrocity of killing people. In A.D. 193, Cao Cao avenged his father Cao Song, and once bloodbath Xuzhou and the unarmed people who fled Yong and Liang. The war is cruel and the people are innocent. They should not be victims of wars between warlords. Hundreds of thousands of Li people were massacred, and "Surabaya is not smooth" (biography of the later Han Dynasty) recorded that the killing scene was tragic at that time. It's cruel. This incident exposed the cruelty in Cao Cao's heart. It is also the biggest stain of Cao Cao's life. Cao Cao also committed the crime of suppressing peasant rebels, and his hands were covered with the blood of the Yellow Scarf Army. Secondly, Cao Cao's personal style has great problems. Cao Cao is very lewd. Although the "sage" has a wonderful exposition that "food, color and sex are also important", Cao Cao is really crazy about women. In Zhang, he caught his aunt. When he beat Lu Bu, he caught his wife, Qin. Although it is not very bad, it should be condemned on moral issues. Finally, Cao Cao slaughtered many civil servants and military commanders for his own power. Kong Rong, Yang Xiu, Cui Yan and others who made great contributions to Cao Cao also died one after another. It proves the bad style that feudal rulers can use it for us and kill it without using it. It is ridiculous that Mr. Guo Moruo, the so-called tycoon in China's literary world, should write such a worthless article as "repeating the mistakes of Cao Cao". The article did not face up to some crimes of Cao Cao's massacre of the people, and unilaterally advocated Cao Cao's reclamation. Cao Cao's reclamation is actually a very exploitative system, which is not worth imitating by future generations. Lu Xun, who is worshipped by our people, thinks that Cao Cao is at least a hero. Where is Cao Cao's hero? But it's not clear. Any extreme evaluation of Cao Cao's views is wrong. We should evaluate and understand Cao Cao more dialectically and fairly.