How many national treasures did the western powers lose in the war of aggression against China?

How many China cultural relics are "imprisoned" in the hands of foreign public museums and private collectors? Professor Lin of Nanjing Art Institute has been studying the cultural relics lost overseas in China for 25 years. According to his statistics, about 6,543,800,000 pieces of China cultural relics live in foreign public museums, including a large number of fine works, and the number of China cultural relics living in the hands of private collectors is estimated to be twice this figure.

From 1985, Lin began to count the cultural relics lost overseas in China, and spent 654.38+million dollars before and after. At present, there are 8 famous paintings of China and 3 sculptures of China collected abroad, and China's calligraphy collected abroad is being sorted out, which has earned more than 4,000 pieces of China's cultural relics, while he has more than 200 pieces in 47 countries around the world.

The vast list cannot be enumerated one by one, and the exquisite cultural relics in the album are both amazing and embarrassing. Among these cultural relics, there are the Historical Map of a Woman by Gu Kaizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (now in the British Museum), the earliest picture book of Luo Shen Fu (now in the British Museum, and the copy in the Forbidden City is the Song Dynasty), Yan's Map of the Emperor in the Tang Dynasty (now in the Boston Museum), the Five-color Parrot Map (now in the Boston Museum), and the stone carvings in Zhaoling of Emperor Taizong. There are countless similar top national treasures (now at the University of Pennsylvania). In addition, there are 50,000 pieces of cultural relics scattered in 1 1 countries in Dunhuang, and only over 20,000 pieces in China. Among the 30,000 pieces of Oracle bones lost overseas, there are nearly13,000 pieces in Japan ... Cultural relics related to Jiangsu include the famous Zhang Chen Square Pot in the Warring States Period (in the University of Pennsylvania, Zhang Chenyuan Pot in the Nanjing Museum).

Lin said: "The most serious loss of cultural relics was in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Just like the Yellow River burst its banks, China's top cultural relics continue to flow overseas, which is a disaster for China's cultural relics and an unforgettable national humiliation. " It was during 1985 that he visited the Northern Wei Dynasty stone carving "Empress" at the Nelson Atkins Art Museum in the United States. This cultural relic was photographed by Pu, director of the Oriental Department of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, at Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang in the 1930s. He found Yue Bin, an antique dealer in Beijing, and asked him to chisel it out and ship it to America. Yue Bin contacted local director Garbo and bandits, cut the stone carving into several sacks, then assembled them in Beijing and shipped them to the United States. The general Allen colluded with Lu, an antique dealer, and turned his attention to Lu She, a giant Buddha modeled after Wu Zetian. Because the giant Buddha was too big to be transported away, they even "cut off" the half-meter-long right palm of the Buddha and transported it away. The greed of marauders brought great disaster to the cultural relics in China. Sculpture relics were cut into pieces, especially Buddha statues. For example, in Cave 2 1 of Tianlongshan Grottoes in Shanxi, the head of a bodhisattva is hidden in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in the United States, while the body is hidden in the Metropolitan Museum of Japan. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Japanese troops occupied Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi, sent "experts" to conduct "research", and posted notices around: "Offenders will be killed." However, Tianlong Mountain in Shanxi was looted by the Yamanaka Chamber of Commerce in Japan, and the cost was only to bribe the monks in the temple under the grottoes with 12 gold bars.

Lin said: "The cultural relics that we have compiled and published are only 90 cents." . "The animal heads of Yuanmingyuan are just a group of cultural relics that have attracted more attention. This auction is an opportunity for people to pay more attention to and pursue lost cultural relics. At the same time, cultural relics theft and smuggling are still rampant. I remind everyone to pay attention to the place of Hong Kong. Since the Republic of China, Hong Kong has been a major transit point for cultural relics smuggling. To curb the current loss of cultural relics, it is necessary to block the outflow channels. "