Huangshan white tea is a specialty of Shexian County, Huangshan City, Anhui Province.
Huangshan White Tea, also known as Huizhou White Tea, is produced in Fenghuang Bay, Qingshan Village, Fu Town, Shexian County, Huangshan City, and in Wugongling Village and Paradise Village of Huangtian Township.
Huizhou official history records:
Phoenix Mountain is 15 miles in the north, 30 miles high and 10 miles in the week. Phoenix often gathers here to produce old tea, only two or three kilograms of old tea. Zhong Qiu Temple in Xining is called "Gan Baixiang".
-Song Xichun's Xin 'an Annals
"Huangshan White Tea", also known as "Huizhou White Tea", has existed since the Song Dynasty, and it has been welcomed by Song Huizong as a tribute tea. Huangshan white tea is rich in amino acids, iron, zinc, selenium and other nutrients, especially the amino acid content is high, up to 9.2%, far exceeding Zhejiang Anji white tea. Because of its low phenol and ammonia, tea soup tastes extremely fresh and mellow, which is more and more accepted by consumers. Since 2008, the market price of white tea has increased year by year, and the sales price has steadily increased, with considerable economic benefits. Especially after several years of continuous efforts and exploration in Huangshan Ganbaixiang White Tea Ecological Park, the production of white tea in Shexian County, Huangshan City, Anhui Province has begun to take shape, and Huangshan Ganbaixiang White Tea is also famous. In 2009, Huangshan Ganbaixiang White Tea Ecological Park won the only special prize in Anhui Province and became a wonderful flower in Shexian tea industry.
In the early 1990s, tea farmers in Huangtian Township, Shexian County, Huangshan City, Anhui Province discovered many primitive white tea bushes in the alpine tea garden about 600 meters above sea level from Liulian to Chongling. 199 1 Hu Wuhai, a senior agronomist of the county agricultural bureau, took samples, developed the first batch of samples and sent them to China Tea Research Institute for testing. The results showed that the amino acid content of Huangshan white tea reached 8%. At the same time, the ratio of tea polyphenols to amino acids is low, so the taste of tea soup is extremely fresh and mellow. After the trial, researcher Cheng Qikun, then director of China Tea Research Institute, happily wrote praises such as "Huangshan White Tea, a God-given plant, white and delicious leaves, the healthiest" and "Huangshan Ganxiang, Huizhou Gongcha".
Huangshan white tea is a raw material picked from one bud and one leaf to one bud and two leaves, which is refined by spreading, deactivating enzymes, shaping and baking.
High-grade Huangshan white tea is tall and straight in shape, golden and green in color and even. After brewing, the flowers are long, the taste is fresh and mellow, and the aftertaste is sweet, which are all reflected in the so-called "sweet and white fragrance" in history books. At the same time, the soup is light green and bright, and the leaves are blossoming, and the whole body is white, like a transparent county.
Since 2008, with the attention of all levels of departments in Anhui Province and the continuous efforts of local tea brokers, the selection, breeding, demonstration planting and large-scale promotion of Huangshan white tea have been accelerated, and brand building is being strengthened. Huangshan White Tea produced by Huangshan Ganbaixiang White Tea Ecological Park won the special gold medal of "China Tea Cup" in 2009. Huangshan white tea has a certain market and popularity in Shanghai, Hefei, Beijing, Suzhou and other cities. Huangshan white tea, as a wonderful flower of tea industry, will be fragrant forever.
The Historical Origin of Huangshan White Tea
Speaking of white tea, we have to mention Song Huizong (Evonne), the eighth emperor of the Song Dynasty. Although he is a bad king who ignores the political situation, plunders people's wealth and leads a dissolute life, he is a rare painter of emperors and a tea drinker with unique hobbies and opinions on tea. His "Daguan Tea Theory" is the best annotation and the earliest exposition on the development of white tea that we have read. "White tea itself is a kind of tea, which is different from regular tea. Its text is applied, its leaf shadow is thin, and it is born between cliffs and forests. Although it is not caused by manpower. There are only four or five, and only one or two are alive; It's only cooked in the second and third crotch, and it's very difficult to steam and bake. If soup and fire are gone, it will become a vulgar thing. If it needs to be carefully crafted and transported properly, it will be beautiful and unparalleled. Light baking is also available, but the product is not as good as "
In the Song Dynasty (11kloc-0/1189), the production of white tea in our county recorded that "the Phoenix Mountain is in the north of the country, and there are phoenixes here. Old tea is produced, with an annual output of only two or three kilograms. Xining Middle School (1068- 1077) named it "Ganbaixiang", which proves that the production of white tea in China should begin in the Song Dynasty. Some people say that white tea has not been found since Evonne, the emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, recorded it until 350 years in the Ming Dynasty. There is no textual research, just listening. However, China should attach importance to and develop white tea in the 1970s. At that time, Mr. Hu Wuhai (now retired), a tea cadre, happened to find a variety of green tea-white tea in the mountains of Wugongling Village, Huangtian Township. After long-term observation and repeated research, it is found that white tea is different from ordinary tea, with three major values of appreciation, nutrition and economy, and is rich in amino acids, iron, zinc, selenium and other nutrients. The appearance of this kind of tea is as white as jade, and the leaves are as thin as paper. After brewing, the buds and leaves are blooming, and the aroma is Gao Shuang. The soup is clear, light green and bright, and tastes fresh and sweet. It's a treasure in tea.
Third, the development status of Huangshan white tea
Therefore, Mr. Hu Wuhai propagated asexually and tried to plant white tea in a small area in Wugongling Village. Due to historical conditions and various reasons, the development of white tea did not form a market and scale. Until the end of last century, Ms. Cao, the inheritor of white tea (now the legal representative of Huangshan dry white fragrant white tea ecological park), rented land for the first time in Lianjiang Ranch, Guilin Town, and selected white tea varieties for purification, rejuvenation and breeding promotion. Later, due to the construction of the development zone, she moved to Sankeng, Limin and other villages in Zhengcun Town for seed selection and breeding. With the strong support and help of the county agriculture Committee, finance bureau, science and technology bureau, poverty alleviation office, immigration Committee and other units, it was finally established after many twists and turns. The industrialization scale of Huangshan white tea is beginning to show, and the dawn of hope is just around the corner.
In 2009, samples of "Ganbaixiang" brand Huangshan White Tea were sent to China Agricultural Products Testing Center for testing. The results showed that the contents of amino acids, tea polyphenols and catechins were 8.0%, 65,438+00.4% respectively, and the ratio of phenol to ammonia was the highest in the same kind of tea. As soon as the news was released through newspapers, internet and other propaganda media, it immediately attracted the attention of experts in the industry. Mr. Chen Zongmao, the first tea academician in China, happily wrote the inscription "Gan Baixiang"
Huangshan white tea "; Cheng Qi-arsenic, vice president of China Tea Culture Research Association and former director of China Tea Research Institute, praised "Huangshan Ganbai Elephant".
Huizhou tribute tea "; Professor Wang Zhenhuan of Anhui Agricultural University praised "Huangshan White Tea is a God-given variety with white and delicious leaves and the healthiest". In 2009, "Ganbaixiang" Huangshan White Tea participated in the 8th National Famous Tea Appraisal of "China Teacups" for the first time, and won the special prize with a total score of 94.05 points. In 2009, the series packaging of "Ganbaixiang" Huangshan White Tea participated in the first agricultural product packaging competition in our county, and both the product design and the product object won the first prize. In 2009, at the 5th China Huangshan Tea, Famous Agricultural Products and Tourism Expo held in Shanghai, "Ganbaixiang" Huangshan White Tea sold at a sky-high price per kilogram 1 1600 yuan. 20 10 At the 6th China Huangshan Tea and Famous Agricultural Products Expo held in Shanghai, the "Ganbaixiang" Huangshan White Tea was recognized by tea merchants in Hong Kong and Guangzhou, and they agreed to underwrite all Huangshan White Tea at 20 1 16000 yuan per kilogram.
Fourthly, the quality characteristics of Huangshan white tea.
What is "white tea" and "sweet" Huangshan white tea is not white tea among the six major teas classified by processing technology in tea production, but a new famous tea belonging to green tea. According to relevant data, white tea is a new variety with genetic variation caused by chlorophyll deficiency in low temperature environment, and it is a unique variety in tea trees. Although white tea is called white tea, it still belongs to green tea, because its fresh leaves are white (white for a while during growth) and are made according to the processing technology of green tea.
The color of white tea tree is obviously lighter. Miraculously, the color of tea buds of tea trees changes with the seasons. For example, in Tomb-Sweeping Day, the young leaves are gray, and in Grain Rain, the young leaves will gradually turn green until they turn green completely. Moreover, the tea production period of white tea is short, generally only about one month, which makes white tea more precious.
The morphological characteristics of white tea are: the spring tea is tender and the bud leaves are white; When spring tea matures, its leaves gradually change from white to white and green, while Chaze is green in summer and autumn. The quality characteristics of white tea are: slender shape, thin leaves, white leaves, jade-like milk color, green pulse and bright oil; After brewing, it looks like a phoenix feather, with green stems and green leaves; The soup is light yellow, clear and bright; The aroma is fresh and fragrant, the taste is refreshing and the aftertaste is sweet. Because white tea is rare in variety, unique in style and excellent in quality, it is called "end tea" by the people, respected by the world and precious. Mr. Zhuang Wan Fang, a famous tea expert in China, spoke highly of white tea, saying that white tea "has three great values of appreciation, nutrition and economy, which is incomparable to ordinary green tea".
Five, Huangshan white tea strain division
Huangshan white tea (Huizhou white tea) has three strains in terms of sensory and whiteness: "Huangshan 1" (tentative name), with high whiteness and white and thin leaves; "Huangshan No.2" (tentative name), with whitening degree of 2, white and thin leaves and slightly green veins; Huangshan 3 (tentative name) is less albino than Huangshan 2, and its leaves are white and thin. Of course, the whitening degree of white tea depends on the surrounding environment, altitude and management level. From a comparative point of view, the whiteness of Huangshan white tea is higher than that of similar products, which is inseparable from the unique ecological environment and excellent varieties of our county. Because white tea is a genetic variant of chlorophyll deficiency at low temperature, due to the specificity of this tea plant's metabolic function, the synthesis of chlorophyll is inhibited at low temperature, but the production of free amino acids is significantly increased. Therefore, the free amino acid content of white tea in early spring is generally above 6%, even as high as 9%. At this time, the content of other general green tea products is only 2%-4%. Free amino acids in tea are composed of more than 20 kinds of amino acids, of which tea amino acids account for 50%-60% of the total amino acids. This kind of tea amino acid is a characteristic component of tea, which has not been found in other animals and plants so far. Huangshan "1" is a rare variety with high albinism, rich content, unique style and excellent quality.
Six, Huangshan white tea development goals
The development of white tea in our county is more than ten years later than that in Anji. Last year, I went to Anji with relevant departments to investigate and study. I am deeply moved, deeply moved. On the history of tea production, Anji is no longer than us. On the famous historical tea, Anji is inferior to us; From the natural conditions, Anji is not better than us, from the tea quality, Anji is not better than us, from the discovery of white tea, Anji is not as early as us, but now Anji white tea can be said to be famous all over the world. The reason is that, in addition to the advanced market economy consciousness, strong market development ability and fighting spirit, Zhejiang people are good at finding the bright spots of products, immediately forming a joint force, persisting for several years and persevering in development.
In order to further enlarge and strengthen the white tea industry, enterprises will focus on the breeding of white tea varieties and accelerate the construction of bases; Accelerate the clean renovation and expansion of the initial factory, introduce automatic processing equipment, and develop new products and packaging; Intensify brand publicity and promotion, improve the reputation and popularity of Gambaixiang Huangshan White Tea as soon as possible, and strive to build "Huangshan Gambaixiang White Tea Ecological Park" into a collection of production (ecological tea garden), Canada (clean processing), marketing (brand sales), learning (teaching research and practice), research (new product development) and tourism (tea town customs experience tour) through 3-5 years' efforts.
Huangshan White Tea (Huizhou White Tea)
Shexian County, Anhui Province now governs 28 townships with a total area of 2 122 square kilometers.
Source of information: Shexian Tea Network