China is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world with a long history. About 5000 years ago, settlement organizations began to appear around the Central Plains, and then became countries and dynasties. After many evolutions and dynasty changes, the unified dynasties are Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Jin, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing. In the history of the Central Plains Dynasty, there were constant exchanges and struggles with nomadic peoples in the north, and many ethnic groups merged into the Chinese nation. After the Revolution of 1911 in the early 20th century, China's monarchy withdrew from the historical stage and was replaced by * * * and regime. 1949 after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the people's democratic dictatorship and the people's congress system were established in Chinese mainland. China has rich and colorful folk culture. Traditional art forms include poetry, opera, calligraphy and Chinese painting. Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival are important traditional festivals in China.
China is high in the west and low in the east. Mountains, plateaus and hills account for 67% of the land area, while basins and plains account for 33% of the land area. The mountains are mostly east-west and northeast-southwest, mainly including Altai Mountain, Tianshan Mountain, Kunlun Mountain, Karakorum Mountain, Himalayan Mountain, Yinshan Mountain, Qinling Mountain, Nanling Mountain, Daxinganling Mountain, Changbai Mountain, Taihang Mountain, Wuyishan Mountain, Taiwan Province Mountain and Hengduan Mountain.
There is the highest Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the world in the west, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters. It is called "the roof of the world", and Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world, with an altitude of 8844.43 meters. Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Loess Plateau, Sichuan Basin and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in the north and east are the second steps of China's topography. Daxinganling-Taihang Mountain-Wushan Mountain-Wuling Mountain-Xuefeng Mountain is the third step, and the coastline from east to east is mostly plain and hilly. The continental shelf to the east and south of the coastline is rich in seabed resources.
Millions of years ago, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplifted, which was a major crustal movement in the history of the earth and formed the landform of China. Overlooking the land of China from the air, the terrain is like a ladder, descending gradually from west to east. Influenced by the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is rising continuously, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters. It is called "the roof of the world" and constitutes the first step of Chinese topography. Mount Everest, the main peak of the Himalayas on the plateau, is 8844.43 meters high, which is the highest peak in the world. The second level consists of Inner Mongolia Plateau, Loess Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin and Sichuan Basin, with an average elevation of 1000-2000m.
The eastern edge of the second step passes through Daxing 'anling, Taihang Mountain, Wushan Mountain and Xuefeng Mountain, and the third step reaches the Pacific coast eastward. The terrain of this step drops to 1000 meters below 500 meters. Northeast Plain, North China Plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are distributed from north to south, and the edge of the plain is inlaid with low mountains and hills. Further east is the shallow sea area of China continental shelf, which is the fourth level, and the water depth is mostly less than 200 meters.