As a spiritual leader and sage in ancient China, Confucius is one of the greatest thinkers and educators in China and even the world, and the founder of China traditional culture. One of the classic thoughts of Confucius' Confucianism is that he put forward the famous idea of "benevolence", which was later summarized as "benevolence" Confucius' "benevolence" is people-oriented, emphasizing moral authority and personality perfection. The ethical order of family and society and the common interests of social groups. The idea of "benevolence" still has strong vitality today. The timely implementation of this Confucian thought in modern school education is of great significance to correctly handle the relationship between teachers and students, carry out humanistic education, build a harmonious campus atmosphere and win the success of school management and education.
The positive influence of Confucian benevolence and morality on the development of humanistic education in schools.
1. Guiding significance in ideological content.
Confucius' teaching content "Six Arts" (Rites: Moral Education, Music: Aesthetic Education, Shooting: Military Sports, ISBN: Scientific and Cultural Knowledge) includes moral education, scientific and cultural education and skill training. However, these three parts are not equal. From "Disciples are filial when they enter, filial when they leave, sincere when they believe, and benevolent when they love." "The virtue of a gentleman, the virtue of a villain and the virtue of grass must be suppressed." (The Analects of Confucius Yan Yuan), etc. Because "music" teaching is equivalent to modern aesthetic education, military skills are equivalent to modern military sports, and scientific and cultural knowledge is intellectual education. Therefore, we can say that Confucius clearly put forward that the teaching content should include four aspects: morality, intelligence, physique and beauty 2500 years ago. In particular, the development of school moral education still has important practical guiding significance. Today, primary and secondary schools in China are actively promoting quality education and training all-round qualified talents for the new century. It still needs to be pointed out that the most critical and important thing in quality education is ideological and moral quality education, that is, how to be a person and what kind of person to become.
2. The profound influence on teaching methods.
Confucius' moral education takes "teaching students how to be a man" as its fundamental task. The so-called "gentleman's service is based on the principle of being a man", while "service is based on learning to be a man". It is also possible to be a kind person who can "love the public" and "give to the people and help others" (that is, to seek benefits for the people). The person with the most perfect personality. However, this lofty goal cannot be achieved overnight, and appropriate ways and means are needed to gradually improve the shaping of personality and realize the ultimate goal of humanistic education. Confucius put forward that "from near to far, pushing oneself and others" is the best way to achieve this goal. The specific implementation steps are: filial piety, filial piety, loyalty and faithfulness, that is, starting with the people closest to you. It is also the minimum requirement of moral education), and then it is gradually developed: on the basis of filial piety to parents, it is further promoted to respect and love elders, superiors and even state leaders; Pushing down needs to be "good" to children (a good father can only make his son filial), and care, love and help subordinates like children ... (that is, the extension of the idea of "old people and old people, young people and young people"); On the basis of loving brothers ("caring"), we should further extend to caring for our companions and being sincere and trustworthy to our friends. This is to gradually meet the requirements of filial piety, love, loyalty and faith from near to far. When these steps are accomplished, we should further demand the moral cultivation of "caring for others". Confucius believes that through such efforts, we will eventually be able to further expand our love to the whole society and meet the requirements of "universal love for the masses". This moral implementation method is based on the order from near to far, from close to sparse, which not only embodies the principle of easy before difficult, but also makes people feel reasonable and in line with human nature. Willing to do so. Therefore, this method of implementing moral education is still very suitable for moral education in primary and secondary schools, which is convenient for primary and secondary school students to practice and will naturally get certain results. In the actual class management, I ask students to "reflect three times a day", spend three to five minutes every day reflecting on their behavior, actions and even learning, and ask students to reflect on themselves and sum up themselves every day. Let yourself clearly understand your growth, find your own personality defects, and overcome and improve every day. Every two or three weeks, we will hold a "comment" class meeting, and point out some classmates you think are most trustworthy and the aspects you need to work hard through mutual comments on others and yourself. This will spread from themselves to others, and gradually let students learn to be responsible for themselves. I also ask my classmates to write a letter to their parents and elders every month, so that they can feel the affection in their own lives, enhance their feelings and understanding of affection, push others, from near to far, and then extend to the feelings of friends, teachers and students. Such humanistic moral education will be a tree with roots and living water, which will benefit students a lot.
3. Scientific orientation of humanistic goals
As a noble spiritual force, humanistic spirit is a comprehensive and positive potential of human beings. It is an important content to comprehensively carry out moral education in primary and secondary schools. Judging from the educational policy of the party and the country, it is the educational goal of moral education in primary and secondary schools at this stage to train builders and successors of the socialist cause of "four haves", of which "morality" is the primary content. At present, with the continuous development of the socialist market economy, although the country is implementing quality education, the influence of "determined to become a talent" and "learned officials" still exists in society. "Get high marks, go to college and earn a lot of money", "get a master's degree and a doctor's degree" and "get a green card for studying abroad" are the goals of some students and parents. They think that only these are true, and the others are empty, which leads to the phenomenon that only intellectual education is paid attention to and moral education is ignored. You know, 2,500 years ago, Confucius put forward the idea that "a gentleman is righteous and a villain is beneficial" ("The Analects of Confucius"), which means that ordinary people only know their own interests, and a gentleman knows social morality in addition to his own interests. If a person's selfish desires are not restrained, it will lead to bad consequences. "Doing things in the interests will lead to more resentment" (The Analects of Confucius, Liren). You can even sacrifice your desire for survival in order not to violate benevolence. "Benevolent people are benevolent, there is no harm to benevolence, and there is sacrifice for benevolence" (The Analects of Wei Linggong). Gao Zhendong, a famous educator in Taiwan Province, once described the importance of moral education: "Without moral education, intellectual education is an accomplice to crime. Sports is violent in Depth Charge, and there is no moral education. Aesthetic education is a catalyst for corruption and there is no moral education. "
Today, with the implementation of the curriculum reform, our teachers should carry out targeted and effective "Five Loves" education deeply and persistently, so that primary and secondary school students can understand that loving the motherland is the most basic moral quality of China people and the lofty morality of the whole nation. I remember that in ancient times, Wei Zi fled because Zhou Wang had no choice, so Ji Zi was banished to slavery, and Bigan was executed for persuasion. All three of them are benevolent at heart, abandoning the selfishness of seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages. So Confucianism called it "Yin Youren" (The Analects of Confucius). Our teachers should strengthen the humanistic education for students and enrich their humanistic knowledge, such as strengthening the study of humanities such as history, geography and literature, cultivating students' moral sentiments with practical humanistic education, and urging students to internalize humanistic knowledge into humanistic spirit. In the actual education and teaching, I ask students to find some noble role models, such as Qu Yuan. Liu Hulan, etc. Educate students to realize that these great examples of the Chinese nation can remain immortal because they embody a valuable spirit, thus helping and encouraging students to understand the noble humanistic thoughts and spirit in history, promoting students' humanistic reflection on daily life practice, awakening the real humanistic needs of the younger generation, earnestly strengthening criticism and resistance to decadent humanistic consciousness such as utilitarianism and hedonism, and making them truly feel and experience human dignity and beauty. Actively realize science and technology education and humanities.
Second, the ideal of universal benevolence pursued by Confucianism laid the foundation stone for building a harmonious humanistic campus.
Confucius' ideal is to realize a harmonious world full of kindness. Universal kindness can be said to constitute the lofty ideal pursued by Confucianism. Confucianism advocates "rule by virtue", "benevolent government" and "people-oriented", which lays the foundation for us to put forward people-oriented, implement humanistic management and build a harmonious humanistic campus today.
1. "Co-existence, tolerance, trust, people and benefit" is the necessary way to implement the management of school people's culture.
The author believes that in the process of building a harmonious campus, it is very important to implement the ideological strategy of "Confucius can do five things in the world and be kind to others" in teacher management. Confucius put forward "five essentials"-"respect, tolerance, faith, sensitivity and benefit. Respect is not an insult, tolerance is popular, trust is responsible, sensitivity is meritorious, and benefit is enough to make people.
President Yang of our school is trying to practice these five words. Just say "Min" (diligent)! President Yang worked hard and never slacked off, set an example, took the lead in setting an example, and led everyone with one heart and one mind. He often talks with students to make campus management close to their heartstrings. He can apply for "going abroad" for Xu Danyang, a sixth-grade student, and bend his knees for more than two hours, so that the students can get spiritual counseling, and his feelings with the students are extremely harmonious. He set an example of "civilized and hygienic bending over" for the teachers and students of the whole school-when he saw the plastic bag, he immediately took it in his hand and threw it into the garbage bin; The light in his office stays on until late at night, but the pace of entering the campus in the morning is often the first ... He works tirelessly and enthusiastically like this. He insisted on warming the hearts of all teachers and students in the school with a fiery heart and beautifying the school with hard sweat-a paradise for studying and working together! Say "width" first! In management, President Yang insists on tolerance-oriented, dares to accept different opinions, pays attention to democracy, makes school affairs open, accepts wise words, treats people with different political views with an open mind, is tolerant and generous, liberates teachers' thoughts and personality, releases their ideals and passions, and forms a harmonious campus culture. And often give teachers humanistic care to make the school feel at home. Teachers are often organized to participate in colorful recreational activities, organize "Red Five" competitions, organize dances, organize competitions to climb the western hills, organize tug-of-war between teachers and students, and organize class teachers to take vacations to study. Of course, President Yang never tolerates mistakes. This kind of criticism is severe, but he enthusiastically helps people who make mistakes, making them turn over a new leaf, go into battle lightly, and devote themselves to school work, making the school shine with the brilliance of human nature everywhere and become a stage for teachers to achieve their careers.
2. The relationship between teachers and students, who loves it, can work hard, which is a powerful guarantee for building a harmonious humanistic campus.
Teachers and students constitute the main body of interpersonal relationship in the school. To build a harmonious humanistic campus, it is necessary to establish a harmonious relationship between teachers and students first. Teachers should completely change their role consciousness, that is, in the whole process of education, teachers should become organizers, guides, collaborators and promoters of students' learning, and become close partners trusted by all students in good faith, and students exist as the main body of educational activities. Teachers should have an equal dialogue with students at any time and place, go deep into the student groups and sincerely respect students. Teachers should always embody their actions in the word "love" and teach each student "tirelessly" depending on the individual. Many educators at all times and all over the world regard loving students as the most basic virtue in a teacher's life. Confucius said, "If you love it, you can be loyal to it and teach it." Xia Gaizun, a modern educator, said, "Without love, there is no education." Teacher Wang replied, "What experience do you have? It's simple. There is only one word, that is, love, love what you do and love the students you teach. " Therefore, I think teachers can only win the respect of students with selfless love, establish a new teacher-student relationship of equality and mutual love, create a harmonious learning atmosphere, and ensure the smooth progress of educational activities.
Secondly, building a harmonious campus needs to establish a harmonious relationship between students and students. If friendship is compared to wealth, then educate students to cherish this classmate's love. In the long journey of life, adolescent friendship is the purest. Students should care about their classmates and lend your helping hand to those in need. Let them feel warm and beautiful classmate friendship. Confucius said, "I visit three times a day: I am unfaithful to others, making friends, and I don't believe or learn." This sentence taught us that problems should be found from ourselves. Getting along with classmates, complaining less, understanding more, maintaining a good attitude, tolerance, solidarity and mutual assistance are important factors in building a healthy and harmonious classmate relationship.
3. The moral pursuit of "self-cultivation to respect people and self-cultivation to comfort people" is a long-term solution to build a harmonious humanistic campus.
In the process of pursuing universal kindness, Confucius once said, "Cultivate one's morality to respect people, cultivate one's morality to help people, and cultivate one's morality to help people." This shows how important it is to strengthen one's moral cultivation, which is also the individual basis for building a harmonious campus. School principals, teachers, classmates and even parents should cultivate self-cultivation, starting from small things, starting from now, starting from me. For example, students accidentally dirty their clothes. I found a piece of paper on the ground when I passed by after class, and I picked it up; My child offered to donate money for Project Hope, and I encouraged him to support him. When I went to the bathroom, I saw a faucet still leaking, so I screwed it on. The light in the classroom was still on after school, so I turned it off. Give your seat to the old man on the bus; When I met a foreign guest asking for directions, I patiently and meticulously told him to show him the way ... I believe that people on campus will start from small things, improve their moral cultivation and practice their moral quality, and campus humanities and culture will be more harmonious, campus humanistic taste will be more noble, and campus humanistic harmony will last for a long time.
References:
1. Guo, History of Educational Thought in China, published by Education Science Press.
2. Hu Yinsheng, editor-in-chief, The Course of Primary Education, published by People's Education Press.
3. Lai, The Analects of Confucius, Fudan University Press, 1996.438+00.
4. Net text, A Study of Confucius' Educational Thought was published by Kong Xiang of Heilongjiang Institute of Education.
5. He Kekang, the four pillars of Confucius' educational thought and education, educational technology communication.
6. The net text "Gentleman's business is born on the basis of Tao" —— Comment on the "Roots" and "Methods" of Moral Education published by Liu Guoying of Du Nan High School in liyang city, Jiangsu Province.