China's famous anti-Jin Dachen in the Southern Song Dynasty. The word Fu Bin. Renshou (now Sichuan) was born. In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1 16 1), Jin Hailing Wang Yan Hongliang led Jin Jun to cross the Huaihe River and advance into the Yangtze River. Song Jun on the front line of Huaihe River was defeated, and 8 jin j was like nobody's business. At that time, Yu was appointed as the military attache of Jianghuai Military Horse House, and was assigned to be a teacher in quarrying (now in Maanshan City, Anhui Province), just as King Hailing's army had to cross the river by quarrying. Seeing that the situation was critical, Yu resolutely organized troops scattered along the Yangtze River, frustrated Jin Jun's plan to cross the river south, and won a great victory in quarrying (see the battle of quarrying). The king of Jin Hailing studied in Yangzhou and rushed to Zhenjiang Prefecture (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province) to intercept. With the northward withdrawal of Jin Jun, Yu gained a high reputation in the Southern Song Dynasty. Three years on Avenue (1 167) is known as knowing the Privy Council and participating in the discussion of state affairs. After the death of Wu Lin, a famous Sichuan ambassador, he succeeded Sichuan ambassador and knew about the Privy Council, actively reorganized the regular army and militia, and reduced military expenditure. For five years, I worshipped the right servant and shot with the Tang envoy. In the autumn of eight years, he went to Sichuan to manage the military and political affairs, and later died of illness. In the fourth year (1 177), I wrote to the teacher to show my loyalty. After his death, he lost his ambition to recover the Central Plains and no longer planned to recover it. However, Yu's contribution to the country is still widely celebrated, and his name remains in history. Mao Zedong once criticized in Zi Zhi Tong Jian that "Wei is here, and one person is eternal", but it is Yu. Yu annotated the Book of the Tang Dynasty and the History of the Five Dynasties, and wrote ten volumes of poems, three volumes of lectures on the Spring and Autumn Period, twenty-two volumes of lectures and fifteen volumes of internal and external chronicles, which are well-known in the world.
Yu, "Prince Charming-Eleven-An Overview of Life Experience"
I have a strong figure, and my height is six feet four inches. At present, I am almost two meters, which is undoubtedly very remarkable among literati. According to the history book, Yu: "Be generous, open-minded and ambitious, but be measured in your speech and be known as a heavy weapon." . In his early years, he became an official by writing. In middle age, he seized this opportunity. During the Song and Jin Dynasties, he made great achievements and eventually became a famous figure. Mao Zedong commented when reading the Biography of Song History and Yu: "Great, one person through the ages."
After the Shaoxing peace talks ended, the generals of Gaozong and Xiaozong dynasties argued endlessly about the peace war, and their personal opinions were different. They are also major battles. Yu and Xin Qiji are obviously more cautious than Zhang Jun; It's the same as Chen,, and Tang Si-tui, but it's different. Chen more attaches importance to war and peace, while, on the other hand, he tends to maintain peace, while pushing is an unprincipled generalization. The same person has different views at different stages. A typical example is Chen Junqing, who was more enterprising in his early years. Later, his views were often different and his actions were conservative. As mentioned above, it does not have the excellent strength and good opportunity to carry out a large-scale northern expedition and win a comprehensive and substantial victory after entering the hub. However, Yu strongly advocated restoration. Why? What I think may have spoken my mind. This material can't be found in the History of Song Dynasty, but the Yongle Grand Ceremony is quoted in Yuan Tongzhi. Mr. Deng Guangming wrote an article to verify its authenticity, which was published in the second issue of Journal of Peking University, 1996. This passage is told to. Chen said: "Therefore, he lost his position. In Kansai, only Wu Paifang is still far away; Since then, the philosopher Deng has been a despicable butcher; Deng, who guards the Guards, is a man full of seafood. He is loyal to the sun and the moon, and he won the honor of quarrying, but the responsibility for restoring the rules lies with the public. If we delay the years and don't study the country, why is it the hope of the Central Plains? Why did the ancestors of Xue suffer humiliation for two hundred years? Why are you entrusted by the night? When the prime minister can't be cured, then the people behind him can! " . Chen emphasized the situation and difficulties faced by Yu and his responsibilities.
Yu's literary talent is excellent, mainly for writing evacuation and quarrying. Yu wrote The First Army Knife on the River, The Second Army Knife on the River and The Third Army Knife on the River, and played back Wang's Experience in Quzhou, which fully showed his courage and loyalty. Zhang Shitai, a scholar in Ming Dynasty, compared Yu to Yue Fei. Later, Yu went to Sichuan to announce the mission for Sichuan and Shaanxi, and wrote On the Reorganization of Wulin, On the Worry and Sparseness, and On the Advantages and Disadvantages of Farming. In the first year of Longxing, Yu also wrote a famous book "On the Chance of Fighting Today", which analyzed the situation in the world and compared with the enemy and me. He hoped that Xiaozong would do nothing, try his best to prepare for the war, grasp the chance of fighting and encourage the reality of fighting. Firstly, the article says that it is "the great classics of heaven and earth, the meaning of spring and autumn" to persist in the war of resistance and recover the Central Plains, and then from the perspective of the wisdom of the Song and Jin monarchs, we can see whether the political power is consolidated. After three years in the main road, he became an ambassador to Sichuan, and he has written on kindness, compassion, faithfulness and diligence, Xie Ci's imperial edict, on the politics of Han Dynasty, on the demon of vegetation in West Shu, and how to deal with thieves in floods and droughts. Yu wrote a lot, and Yang Wanli's tombstone said that he was studious all his life. "Eating and reading, literature is successful, and work is not carved." I have written three volumes of Notes on the Spring and Autumn Period, Notes on the Tang Dynasty, Notes on the History of the Five Dynasties, 120, 23, Gong Memorial, 15, Internal and External System, and 10, Poems. In addition, Yu also has two famous early works, one is Bird Fu and the other is Mosquito Fu. Yu is a filial person. After his mother died, he served his father for seven years. He wrote "Distinguishing Birds" to spread the world's filial piety with birds. The article is sincere and has the touching power of Shi Biao's Chen Qingbiao. Mosquito-killing Fu regards gnats as poisonous people, refers to Jin's "swaggering in Hanoi", and advocates that all evils should be eliminated, and "useless things are no longer used, and they will continue to be poisonous to the world".
Yu is not only excellent in poetry and prose, but also an accomplished calligrapher. Wu Kuan, a calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, commented: "Yu Shouji, with clear pronunciation and mellow voice, is graceful." Wang Shizhen, a literary critic of the Ming Dynasty, also said: "The sixth volume of Stop Cloud Pavilion is a famous work of the Southern Song Dynasty, such as Yu Yonggong's Elegance, which can be adopted." My calligraphy is subtle and elegant; His interest is natural, and he inadvertently showed his kung fu. In the Song Dynasty, he had his own personality, and his calligraphy handed down from generation to generation included "Appropriate Post" and "Tang Jun Post".
I have three sons, one is Yu Gongliang of the Secret Pavilion, and the other is Yu, the guardian of Changning Wuning. A * * * has eight grandsons, of which Yu Jian is the most famous, and the last official position is Lizhou Road. He once lectured with Wei Liaoweng outside the East Gate of Shu, "Shu people respect it". Great-grandson Yu Yinglong was the master of Taichang Temple at that time, and he was very famous for knowing Leizhou, repairing schools and promoting water conservancy. Yu Xuan "knows Lianzhou, but also uses its literary name", Zi Yu sets "elegance", "teaching among all sentient beings", "editing and editing with imperial academy as an official", Ji Ziju, a bachelor of Kuizhangge, and Yang Zai and others are also called "four masters of Yuan Dynasty", and his poetic name is shocking for a while.
Battle of Cai Shiji
The head of Shuidiao Song heard that Historical Records defeated Zhang Xiaoxiang.
Snow washes the dust, and the wind is about Chu Yun window. Who writes tragic stories? The lake and sea in the ancient city of Chuijiao are full of heroism. You can light candles to see Wu Gou. Leaving the place where you like to burn rhinoceros, the waves are floating all over the sky. Looking back on that year, Zhou and Xie were rich in spring and autumn. Xiao Qiao got married for the first time, but his perfume bag has never been solved, so his career is good and his travel is good. The setting sun at the head of Chibi Rock and the hay beside the Feishui Bridge are worrying. I will go with the wind and swear to flow.
Zhang Xiaoxiang, a famous poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote this water tune song, which was felt after hearing that the quarrying was defeated, and his words were bold and unconstrained. Quarrying is one of the famous battles in the history of China, and Yu mentioned in this paper is the direct commander of the quarrying campaign.
Since Yan Yanliang staged a coup to seize the throne, the state of Jin has accelerated the process of sinicization. Wan Yanliang thinks that Jin Guo has accepted Chinese culture, and there is no distinction between North and South, so China should be unified. He first moved the capital from Huining to Beijing, and then actively built Kaifeng, preparing to move the capital here, and launched a southern expedition in the following time. Of course, Xu Jin is well prepared militarily. There was no war in the Southern Song Dynasty for nearly twenty years, and they lacked psychological preparation for the war. Although news came from time to time that Jin people were going south, the ruling class never paid attention to it until Jin Guorang and Gao Jingshan came to congratulate them on their birthday and put forward the territorial claim of ceding Huainan in Song Dynasty. It was not until the Southern Song Dynasty that the ruling and opposition parties realized that the war was about to break out, and they rushed to arrange their troops for defense. The Southern Song Dynasty held a meeting of all government officials and decided to send Cheng Min to lead 50,000 troops to defend Hubei. According to normal thinking, it is understandable that the dynasties with the capital of Jiangnan should defend the upper reaches of Hubei. But at this point, the weak voice is opposed to such a dispersion of troops. He thinks that the main direction of the nomads from the army will be Huainan, so the army should be arranged in Jiangxi. If there is an emergency upstream, Hubei will rescue it. If Huainan changes, it can be mobilized to defend it. Despite the proposition endorsed by Prime Minister Chen, all our troops were stationed in Wuchang.
And the idea coincides with the speculation. Nomads from six hundred thousand all the way to attack southern Shaanxi, all the way to take Jingxiang. These two roads are partial teachers, and Yan Hongliang directly took Huainan with his own head. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the old general Liu Kun was in charge of guarding the Jianghuai area. However, Liu Kun, who is old but seriously ill, was no longer brave. He had to eat rice porridge and only ordered his lieutenant to direct the battle. The kingship feared the enemy like a tiger, fled without fighting, and Liu Kun could not win. Liu Kun led the army back to Yangzhou. Huai and Huai both fell. Jinbing was preparing to cross the river in Jiangbei, and the Southern Song regime was in jeopardy. Different from the previous Song and Jin wars, Yan Hong Liang's expedition to the south, strict military discipline and no offense in autumn also show that Yan Hong Liang is determined to win.
Seeing that military commanders have been defeated in many wars, Ye was sent to inspect the military affairs of Huai River and Huai River in the Southern Song Dynasty, so he also got the opportunity to make suggestions. After the Five Dynasties were replaced by the Song Dynasty, the military was respected and suppressed. Many times, civil servants unify the army, and few civil servants really understand the army and look down on military commanders. The so-called scholar-bureaucrat is a true portrayal of civil servants. Therefore, it is precisely for this reason that the Song Dynasty's foreign wars have always lost more than won. This leaf also represents the scholar-officials of the Song Dynasty. Ye saw Liu Yong's battle report and didn't know what Liu Yong said to the new soldiers in the nomads from the army. What is even more ridiculous is that Ye dug a ditch one foot deep on the sandbar and inserted some branches along the ditch as antlers. Ye also said that Nomads used this to stop them from crossing the river. When the people saw it, they all laughed and said that people who eat meat are no more knowledgeable than those who eat chaff. As a result, the tide rose overnight, all the ditches were leveled and all the branches were washed away. Compared with these scholar-officials who don't understand Gu Hejia, Yu, who is also a scholar, is simply amazing in quarrying.
At this time, Yu also received orders from Ye to visit Liu Kun, who was seriously ill in Guazhou. Because of his serious illness, Liu Kun proposed to Yunwen to hand over the system and recruit two SEALs. Yu Zhengse said to him, the country has been like this. Didn't the old general resign? Liu Kun was ashamed. At this time, Yu received Ye's order, sent him to urge the replacement of the kingship, and sent him to quarry and reward the army. When Yu rushed to the quarry, the kingship had left, but not yet arrived. The defeated troops of the kingship scattered in groups of three and five, all unloaded their saddles, rolled up their armor and sat by the roadside, while the nomads from the army were opposite. Seeing the situation of both sides, Yu's entourage suggested that he return to Jiankang. For a moment, I remembered that when he was on a mission last year, he and his receptionist competed with each other to shoot arrows, and he hit the target with one arrow. Emblems, the emperor of Qin and national hatred reappeared in my mind. I know that he has arrived in the army, and he has no responsibility to bid. If he chooses to go back, there is nothing wrong with it. But at present, the military situation is urgent, moire knew that if Li Xianzhong came, it would be too late. You can't leave because you have no responsibility. So he resolutely chose the important task of commanding the quarrying campaign. He immediately called Zhang zhen, Wang Qi, Shi Jun, Gao Dai, Sheng Xin and others to tell everyone that it is useless for you to escape if the enemy crosses the river. There is a great river before now, and it is also appropriate to escape from death. The country has raised you for so long. Can't we fight for our country? The generals said that the main reason was that no one presided over it. Moire said, "Li Xianzhong hasn't arrived yet, so I will lead everyone to fight to the death here." Encouraged, these people are determined to fight bravely with the 8 Jin Army.
When Yu Yinjun arrived at the edge of the Yangtze River, he saw that a high platform had been built on the north bank of the Yangtze River, with two red flags and five-color flags on both sides, and a yellow hood was erected in the middle, sitting proudly below. Scouts said that the day before, Wan Yanliang had killed the white horse and the dark horse to sacrifice to heaven, and agreed with the soldiers to cross the river the next day and have breakfast in Tang Yulin. Whoever crossed the river first would get a couple of gold. At that time, there were 400,000 Jin Jun and twice as many horses as there were troops, while Song Jun had only18,000 men, so it began to deploy. First, it ordered the generals to form a large formation, bridle the horses, and divide the Ge boat into five teams. Two teams ran along the east and west banks, one team stopped in the middle of the river, waiting for the battle, and the other two teams hid in a small harbor to guard against unexpected events. Hardly had he finished directing the arrangement when the enemy was already shouting loudly. Yan Hongliang held a small red flag and directed hundreds of warships to cross the river. After a while, 70 ships arrived at the south bank and directly attacked Song Jun. Song Jun retreated a little. When he went to war, he patted his back and said, "Your courage is well known. Women and children, to say the least. Shi Jun immediately took out his double knives and fought to the death with Song Jun. Song Jun in the middle of the river also attacked the golden boat with a dolphin boat. Nomads from the ship as wide as a box, unstable action, not familiar with the river, unable to move. As a result, the ship sank into the river or semi-floated. It's getting late, but the nomads from the army still don't retreat. At this time, there happened to be a scattered army coming from Gwangju, so I handed them flags and drums and asked them to turn out from behind. 8 jin j suspect reinforcements have arrived, this just retreat. After returning to camp, they retreated. Because General Song and Han Yi were afraid of death and did not lead warships to attack, they were each beaten by one hundred lashes. Reward meritorious soldiers again, because the rewards and punishments are clear, allowing Wen to win all the troops. The Yan Hongliang side also killed all the herders who came back without death.
Although the first battle was successful, Yu was clear-headed and knew that the army of nomads from the Golden Army would come again, so he pulled the warship to the upstream area and deployed it at the estuary. As a result, the nomads from the attack was repulsed again. Yan Hongliang couldn't win, so he wrote a letter to Quan Wang to persuade him to surrender. After accepting this letter, moire said it was a double agent. Yu wrote back and told him that the kingship had been brought to justice because it fled without fighting. Today's commander-in-chief, and last year sent to refuse. Seeing that the quarrying was impeccable, Yan Hongliang had to lead an army to Guazhou to prepare to cross the river from there.
Finally, I arrived at the quarry, and I expected to cross the river from Guazhou, so I negotiated with him and sent an army of 16 thousand people to Jingkou. Later, Yu also rushed to Zhenjiang to visit the sick Liu Kun first. Liu Kun took moire's hand and said, "Why do you ask about the illness? The imperial court has been raising soldiers for 30 years, and Dacheng is publishing books and being a novice. My generation is ashamed to death! "
Zhenjiang at this time, assembled with Yang Cunzhong and Cheng Min's two hundred thousand troops. In order to deter the arrival of nomads from coming, Song Bing was allowed to cruise on the river in his car and boat, which circled on the river like flies. Nomads from the army were shocked. Although Yan Hongliang pretended to be calm, the morale of the nomads from the army began to waver. Yan Hongliang ignored the fact that the objective situation was extremely unfavorable to him and crossed the Yangtze River. Yan Yanliang's men realized that crossing the river was a dead end, so under the leadership of Lu Ye Yuan Yi, Yan Yanliang was killed in Guazhoudu. Nomads from the north retreat, all of them are full of praise for the newly enthroned Jin Shizong Hong Yan. The Southern Song regime once again saved the day. Song Gaozong Zhao Gou, who was ready to escape, commented on Yunwen, saying that Yunwen was born, and he was my supervisor. Mao Zedong said that it takes a thousand years for a person to be strong and dangerous. As one of the thirteen great feats in Song Dynasty, the battle of quarrying is famous in history.
Objectively evaluate the reasons why Song Jun won the battle of quarrying.
1 Yu kept calm in times of crisis, commanded well, and gave full play to his military talents.
Nomads from the army are not used to water warfare, which is Song Jun's strong point.
Xu Jin Guo civil strife, Hong Yan praised nomads from acceded to the throne, morale is low.
Liangshan Lake dried up, and the ships that Xu Jin was preparing to March south could not go down the river, so they had to temporarily recruit some civilian ships, which were small and old and could not compete with the ships of the Southern Song Dynasty.
More than 290 years later, Ming Taizu took Jiangnan from Huaixi, and Chang Yuchun was the first to seize quarrying. This shows the importance of the strategic position of the quarrying industry. History can't be assumed, but if it weren't for a bookworm like Ye, these herders might have successfully crossed the river. After crossing the river, with horses, the corrupt army in the Southern Song Dynasty will surely repeat the scene of the great defeat of the Huaihe River. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that Yu saved the Southern Song Dynasty and contributed to the reconstruction of the Southern Song Dynasty.
After Yan Yanliang's death, the northern nomads from the army retreated, and Xu Jin took the initiative to send someone to make peace, saying that all the faults were caused by Yan Yanliang, hoping to maintain the contract. So he asked for a northern expedition to the Central Plains. At this time, within the Southern Song regime, hawks gained the upper hand and demanded the Northern Expedition. At the same time, Hong Yan praised the new accession to the throne, the unstable political power, and the rebellion in Khitan, China, which was unbearable. Judging from the later history, this is the best opportunity for Shaoxing after ten years. However, Song Gaozong, who was frightened by the Jin people, chose to wait and see, then meditated and passed the throne to his adopted son Xiaozong. As for the Southern Song Dynasty, it is a pity to lose this opportunity.