In the Ming and Qing dynasties, officials decorated the front and back of their court uniforms with a square pattern called Buzi, which was used to distinguish the size of the official.
The first-grade civil servant’s zodiac sign is crane, and the first-grade military attaché’s zodiac sign is Qilin.
Attached is a list of Qing Dynasty officials’ sibling:
civilian officials
The patterns for the first to ninth ranks of civil servants are: first rank crane, second rank golden pheasant, third rank peacock, fourth rank cloud goose, fifth rank white pheasant (xian2), sixth rank egret (lu4 si1), seventh rank {[Stream Bird][ Support Bird] (I couldn’t type the word out, so I had to spell it out.)} (xi1 chi4), eighth-grade quail, ninth-grade Lianque.
The symbols of civil servants are all birds.
Attache
The patterns of military attachés from the first to sixth ranks are: first-rank unicorn, second-rank lion, third-rank leopard, fourth-rank tiger, fifth-rank bear, and sixth-rank Biao. The pattern of the seventh and eighth rank military attachés is: rhinoceros. The pattern of the ninth-grade military attache is: Seahorse (looks like a horse, but standing on the sea)
The patterns of the military attache's embroidery are all animals.
Court uniform: This uniform is worn on all important occasions such as Dazhao, Qingcheng, Zhengdan, Winter Solstice, Holy Festival, Award Ceremony, Reading, Table Entry, and System Transmission. He wears a beam crown on his head, a red Luo robe and a white sand singlet with a green collar, and a red Luo Shang with a green border. The legs are wrapped in red silk to cover the knees, the large belt is made of red and white silk, a leather belt and ribbon are worn, and the feet are wearing white socks and black boots.
The focus and main difference mark of the court uniform is on the beam crown. The embodiment of its rank is:
First-grade official, crowned with seven beams, no cage scarf, leather belt and pendant are made of jade, ribbon is made of four-color clouds and phoenix flowers woven with yellow, green, red and purple threads Brocade, with a green gauze net underneath and two jade ribbon rings.
Second-grade official, crown with six beams, leather belt, and rhinoceros ribbon. Others are the same as first-grade officials.
A third-grade official, with a five-beam crown, leather belt decorated with gold, and jade. The ribbon is woven with yellow, green, red and purple threads to make a brocade of clouds and cranes, with a green silk net underneath and two gold ribbon rings.
The fourth-grade official has a crown with four beams, a leather belt decorated with gold, and a medicinal jade. The rest is the same as the third-grade official.
The fifth-rank official has a crown with three beams, a leather belt decorated with silver, {钅 and} flowers, and a medicinal jade. The ribbon is made of yellow, green, red, and purple threads and is made into a carved brocade with a green silk net underneath. Two gold-plated silver ribbon rings.
The sixth- and seventh-grade officials have two crowns, a leather belt decorated with silver, and a medicinal jade. The ribbon is made of magpie flower brocade made of yellow, green and red threads, with a green silk net underneath and two silver Ribbon ring.
Eighth-grade and ninth-grade officials have a crown with a beam, a leather belt decorated with black horns, and a medicinal jade. The ribbon is made of yellow and green threads made of Xiniao {Shuliniao} flower brocade, and the lower part is tied with blue silk. The net has two copper ribbon rings.
During the Jiajing period, the court attire was reformed. The crown and beam remained the same, and the top was red and green with a green edge. It was seven inches longer than the waist and did not cover the lower skirt. The middle singlet is white gauze with green edges. There are seven lower garments (three in the front and four in the back), each with three folds and red and green edges. The knees are covered with a leather belt, and a ribbon is worn behind the leather belt to cover it up.
Sacrificial robes: sacrificial robes are used when worshiping in person in suburban temples or in Sheji, and when offering sacrifices to accompany the sacrifices. The first to ninth grades all wear green robes, with white gauze singlets and soap-colored collars. Wearing a red robe with soap-colored edges. Chi Luo covers the knees, and the square heart bends the collar. Its crown, belt, pendant, sash and other rank styles are the same as those of the court dress.
Public service: Used in the morning and evening every morning and evening to attend court affairs, serve on duty, express gratitude, and make speeches. The style of this garment is: a robe with a coiled collar and right gusset, made of silk or gauze, with sleeves three feet wide. The difference in grade is mainly the color: first to fourth grade Fei robe, fifth to seventh grade green robe, eighth to ninth grade green robe. As for the patterns of public clothes, they are: the first grade is a large duke flower with a diameter of five inches, the second grade is a small duke flower with a diameter of three inches, the third grade is a two-inch loose flower without branches and leaves, and the fourth to fifth grade is a small one and a half inch flower. Mixed patterns, the sixth to seventh grades are small one-inch miscellaneous flowers, and there are no patterns below the eighth grade. The belt system for public uniforms is as follows: the first grade is a jade belt with flowers or plain flowers, the second grade is a rhinoceros belt, the third or fourth grade is a gold lychee belt, and the fifth grade or below is a black horn belt.
Ordinary clothes: In general, the public clothes when attending court are called ordinary clothes. It is made in the form of a black gauze hat, a collared shirt and a belt. The belt is divided into: the first grade is jade, the second grade is flower rhinoceros, the third grade is gold rhinoceros and flowers, the fourth grade is plain gold, the fifth grade is silver pole flower, the sixth to seventh grade is plain silver, and the eighth to ninth grade is black horn.
In the 24th year of Hongwu's reign, the system of patching up uniforms was stipulated, which embroidered different patterns on official uniforms to distinguish the grades of officials. The patterns are: the first-grade civilian crane, the second-rank golden pheasant, the third-rank peacock, the fourth-rank cloud goose, the fifth-rank white roc, the sixth-rank mandarin scold, the seventh-rank {brook bird} Su, the eighth-rank yellow roc, the ninth-rank quail, and the miscellaneous official Lian magpie, judicial officer Xie Zhi. The military attaché’s service pattern will be introduced in the next chapter.
In the Ming Dynasty, the government issued an order prohibiting officials or civilians from using some patterns and colors on clothes, because these could only be used by members of the royal family. In the second year of Tianshun, it was stipulated that the clothes of officials and people were not allowed to use patterns such as python, dragon, flying fish, bullfighting, roc, lions, four treasures, big passion flowers, big clouds, etc., and they were also not allowed to use black, yellow, etc. Purple, black, willow yellow, turmeric, bright yellow and other colors.
The following introduces the uniform system of civil servants in the Qing Dynasty.
First-grade official: The top of the crown is an engraved gold base, decorated with an east bead in the middle, and a ruby ??on it. Among the men who embroidered cranes on the front and back of the clothes, only Du Yushi embroidered Xie Zhi. The court belt is made of four square plates engraved with gold and jade, each with a ruby ??on it. Other decorations are the same as those of the Duke.
Second-rank official: Chaoguan, smoked mink is used in winter, and mink tail is used from November to Shangyuan. The top of the crown is an engraved gold base, decorated with a small ruby ??in the middle, and an engraved coral on top. The top of the auspicious crown is also made of carved coral. The front and back of the makeup service are embroidered with golden pheasants. The court belt consists of four engraved gold circular plates, each inlaid with a ruby. The rest is the same as the first-grade official.
Third-grade official: The top of the crown is an engraved gold base, with a small ruby ??in the middle and a sapphire on top. Sapphires are also used on the crowns of Jifu crowns. The peacocks were embroidered on the front and back of the mended clothes, while the Xiechi were embroidered on the mended clothes of the deputy capital censor and the inspector. The court belt is a golden round plate for off-the-plan buildings. Others are the same as Wen Erpinguan.
Fourth-grade official: The top of the imperial crown is an engraved gold base, with a sapphire in the middle and a lapis lazuli on top. The top of the auspicious crown is also made of lapis lazuli. Among the men who embroidered wild geese on the front and back of the clothes, only Daotai embroidered Xie Zhi. The python robe is embroidered with eight four-clawed pythons. The court belt consists of four gold medallions with silver engraved patterns. Others are the same as Wen Sanpinguan.
Fifth rank official: The top of the crown is an engraved gold base, with a small sapphire in the middle and a crystal stone on top. Crystal stones are also used on the crowns of Jifu crowns. White pheasants were embroidered before and after mending clothes, and Xie Zhi was only embroidered for judicial officers such as Shi Zhong and Yu Shi. The court dress is azurite, edged with gold, and covered with cloud satin. There is a row of pythons on the front and back, with folds in the middle.
The collar and sleeves are made of azurite satin. The court belt consists of four plain gold circular plates with silver titles. Others are the same as Wen Sipinguan.
Sixth-grade official: The top of the crown is an engraved gold base, with a small sapphire in the middle and a clam on it. Tridacna is also used on the crown of Jifu crown. The egret is embroidered on the front and back of the patchwork; the court belt is four round silver plates with tortoise shells. Others are the same as those of Wenwupinguan, except that there are no court beads. Below the fifth-rank official, only officials of Jingtang, Hanzhan, Kedao, etc. can use Shaoqiu and Chaozhu; below the sixth-rank official, only officials from Taichang Temple, Honglu Temple, Guanglu Temple, Imperial College and other institutions, as well as altar officials Temple deacons and palace guards can use court beads.
Seventh-grade official: The top of the crown is an engraved gold base, decorated with a small crystal stone in the middle, and a plain gold title. The crown of the auspicious clothing is also made of plain gold. The embroidered owl is embroidered on the front and back of the mending suit, and the court belt is made of four plain round plates. Five four-clawed pythons are embroidered on the python robe. The rest are the same as those of Wen Liupinguan.
Eighth-rank official: The top of the imperial crown is engraved with shadow patterns, and the golden top is undecorated. The Jifu crown is the same. The front and back embroidered quail. The court dress is an azure cloud satin, without a python robe. The collar and sleeves are made of green Japanese satin in winter and summer, with folds in the middle. The court belt consists of four silver round plates with bright ram's horns. Others are the same as Wen Qipinguan.
Ninth-grade official: The top of the imperial crown is carved with Yangwen and gold. The Jifu crown is the same. The front and back embroidery of the make-up service is done by embroidery. The court belt consists of four silver round plates with black horns. Others are the same as the eighth-rank Wen official.
The uniform of civil servants who have not yet entered the ranks is the same as that of officials of the ninth rank.
Among the official uniforms of the Qing Dynasty, there was also a "rain crown suit" worn on rainy days.
The system is that non-royal princes, princes and barons, first, second and third grade civil and military officials, as well as imperial guards, guards at the Qianqing Gate, Hanlin in the upper study and south study, and walking personnel in the batch office all wear red raincoats; Civil and military officials of the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades wear red raincoats with green edges; civil and military officials of the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades wear cyan raincoats with red edges; as for raincoats and raincoats, non-royal nobles and first-grade civil and military officials wear raincoats before the emperor. The bodyguards, governors and governors of various provinces all use red; civil and military officials below the second rank all use cyan; as for the bright yellow used exclusively by the royal family, only the ministers of the bodyguard, the imperial minister, the squad leader of the bodyguard, the commander of the guard army, the wing leader of the Jianrui camp and the Only those who have been specially gifted by the emperor can take it.
For clothes, everyone below the prince and above the royal family wears a golden belt; Jueluo wears a red belt. These two colors of belts may not be used by ministers with different surnames unless they are given by the emperor.
Let’s talk about the regulations on peacock feathers. If there are three eyes on the end of the plume, they are worn by Beizi and above and Gu Lun's forehead consort; if there are two eyes, they are worn by the princes of Zhenguo, Fuguo, and Heshuo; The guards, the commanders and subordinates of the forward and guard armies, the forward guards, the chief historians of the princes' palaces, the casual knights, and the second-class guards can all wear it. The roots of the feathers are all decorated with blue feathers. The chief of ceremonies of Baylor House, the second- and third-class guards below the prince, as well as the vanguard, pro-army, and military guards all wear dyed blue feathers