The Warring States period is an era of great social changes, and various social contradictions are complicated. All classes and strata put forward their own opinions and demands on various social issues from their own interests, which is the class foundation for a hundred schools of thought to contend. At the same time, the rapid development of feudal economy in this period provided material conditions for the prosperity of academic culture. The rise of private schools has created a large number of knowledgeable scholars and provided a public opinion position for academic prosperity. However, in the period of feud and separatist regime, it is impossible for rulers to implement the policy of cultural autocracy, and the academic atmosphere is more relaxed. Scholars and thinkers representing the interests of all classes and strata all attempt to explain or put forward opinions on the universe, society and everything in accordance with the interests of their own classes and strata, so a situation in which a hundred schools of thought contend has emerged. The main factions are Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism and Legalism.
Confucianism: representative figures: Mencius and Xunzi. Mencius inherited the thought of Confucius' benevolence, advocated benevolent government, opposed feudalism, cruel exploitation and oppression, and advocated good human nature in the theory of human nature. Xunzi's thoughts tend to be legalist, advocating both courtesy and law. On the theory of human nature, he advocates that human nature is evil. He has a materialistic tendency in the view of nature and puts forward to control the destiny and use it.
Mohist school: representative figure Mozi. The main propositions are "universal love" and "non-attack", advocating love without difference and opposing war. In addition, Shang Xian, Shang Tong, frugality, frugality of burial, ambition of heaven and ghosts are advocated. Mozi is the spokesman of small producers.
Taoism: the representative figure Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi advocated relativism and agnosticism in philosophy, was passive in politics, escaped from reality, opposed social progress, and advocated inaction.
Legalist: Han Feizi is the representative figure. Oppose retro, advocate innovation, advocate the rule of law, advocate absolute monarchy, and use harsh laws to stop people's resistance. Legalists represent the interests of the emerging landlord class.
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