1.
Li Yu: (937-978), originally named Congjia, with the courtesy name Chongguang and the nickname Zhongyin. The sixth son of Li Jing, he succeeded to the throne in 901 and was known as the later master of the Southern Tang Dynasty in history. After taking the throne, he paid tribute to the Song Dynasty in order to gain peace. In life, he is extravagant and lustful. In 975, when the Song army broke through Jinling, he surrendered naked. Although he was granted the title of disobedience, he was actually reduced to a prisoner. He died in July of the third year of Taiping's reign. According to "Mo Ji" written by Wang Zhi of the Song Dynasty, Gai was poisoned by the medicine given by Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty. He was proficient in calligraphy and painting, versed in music and rhythm, and skilled in poetry, especially among the best in the Five Dynasties. In the early period, the poems were mostly about the pleasure life of the palace, with a soft style; in the later period, the poems reflected the pain of the country's subjugation, with expanded themes, profound artistic conception, sincere feelings, fresh language, and full of artistic appeal. Later generations compiled his and Li Jing's works into "Two Main Poems of the Southern Tang Dynasty".
2.
Li Yu, formerly known as Congjia, with the courtesy name Chongguang and the nickname Zhongyin, was the sixth son of Li Jing. He was born in 937 and was established as the prince in 959. He ascended the throne in 961 and has no reign name.
When Li Yu ascended the throne, the Southern Tang Dynasty was already a vassal state of the Song Dynasty. Faced with the pressure from the Song Dynasty, he resigned and submitted in order to live in peace. In 975, the Song army entered Jinling and captured the emperor, thus destroying the Southern Tang Dynasty.
Li Yu was a foolish king in politics, but he was a writer and poet in literature. His main achievements were in poetry, and his early works mainly reflected court life, such as "Sauvignon Blanc" and "Huanxisha". After being captured, he made a great breakthrough compared to his early stage. His representative works include "Poppy Poppies", "Broken Array", "Lang Tao Sha", etc.
Li Houzhu reigned for 14 years. In 975, he was captured and removed from the throne. Song Taizu named him a disobedient prince. In 978, Li Houzhu was poisoned to death at the age of 42.
3.
Five generations of poets. The king of the Southern Tang Dynasty. The courtesy name is Chongguang, and his first name was Congjia. He was a native of Xuzhou (now part of Jiangsu), and one said he was from Huzhou (now part of Zhejiang). He succeeded to the throne in the second year of Jianlong (961) and was known as the later master in history. When he was 38 years old, Commander Song drove across the river and besieged Jinling. Next year the city fell to Song, and he was captured and taken to Bianjing, where he was named General You Qianniu Guard and Marquis of Disobedience. Later, he was poisoned to death by Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi.
In the late Zhongzhu period, the Southern Tang Dynasty had already declared itself a vassal of the Song Dynasty. When Li Yu was in power, he had been serving the Song Dynasty humbly, making contributions every year, and the government treasures were exhausted. But he still didn't want to cheer up. He was glitzy and extravagant, superstitious about Buddhism, and was finally destroyed by the Song Dynasty. He was a mediocre and incompetent emperor politically, but he had many artistic talents. He was good at calligraphy, painting, and proficient in music. He had certain attainments in poetry and literature, and his achievements in Ci were particularly high.
Li Yu's calligraphy
Li Yu's poetry can be divided into two periods, with the eighth year of Emperor Taizu's Kaibao reign (975) as the boundary when he surrendered to the Song Dynasty. His early poems have shown his extraordinary talent and outstanding skills, but the subject matter is narrow, mainly reflecting the palace life and the love between men and women, such as "Yulou Chun" "The evening makeup has begun to brighten the skin with snow", "Xi Qianying" "Xiao Qianying" "The moon falls", "Su Yunwei", [Yizhuzhu] "The evening makeup first passes", [Bodhisattvaman] "The bright moon flies in the light mist", etc.; there are also works about parting and lovesickness, such as [Qing Ping Le] "Farewell to Spring" "Half", etc., describe the scenery and express emotion, blend into one, which is relatively healthy and readable. In the later period, Li Yu changed from a little emperor to a prisoner. "A life of humiliation, the deep pain of national subjugation, the reminiscence of the past, when will it be", [Langtaosha], "Rain gurgling outside the curtain", [Crying of the Crow's Night], "The flowers in the forest have faded the spring red", "Speechless alone" "West Tower" is his later masterpiece. It mainly describes the scene of him leaning on the railing and looking into the distance and returning in dreams. It expresses the infinite nostalgia for the "homeland" and "the past", and expresses the emotion of knowing that the time will never come again but the heart will never die. , reaching a very high level artistically.
Li Yu's poetry inherited the tradition of Huajian poets such as Wen Tingyun and Wei Zhuang since the late Tang Dynasty, and was influenced by Feng Yansi and others, which pushed the creation of poetry forward a big step. Its main achievements are as follows:
①Expanding the expression field of words. Before Li Yu, the poems were mainly about eroticism and the content was shallow. Even if they expressed a little love, they were mostly hidden and not revealed. Most of Li Yu's poems express his feelings directly from the heart, expressing his feelings about his family and country, with sincere feelings. Therefore, Wang Guowei said: "When the Ci came to Master Li, his vision began to expand, and his emotions became deeper, so he changed the Ci of Ling Gong and became the Ci of scholar-bureaucrats." ("Renjian Ci Hua")
② It has a higher level generality.
Li Yu's poetry often reflects a certain state of general significance in real life through concrete and perceptible personal images. "The east wind blows again in the small building last night, and the motherland cannot bear to look back in the bright moonlight" ([Yu Meiren]), "The flowers fall on the flowing water and spring is gone, and the heaven and the earth are gone" ([Lang Tao Sha]), "It is natural that people grow up and hate the water in the east" ( Famous lines such as "The Crow's Night Cry"), "Departure and hatred are like spring grass, we can walk farther and come back to life" (Qing Ping Le), etc., deeply and vividly wrote the joys and sorrows of life, and aroused the excitement of many readers in later generations. .
③The language is natural, concise and expressive. His lyrics are not embellished with gold and color, but they are elegant and moving; they are not subtle, but they are meaningful and meaningful; forming an artistic feature that is both fresh, smooth, graceful and profound.
④ Be original in style. The Collection of Flowers and the Southern Tang Dynasty poems are generally good at euphemism and beauty, while Li Yu excels in sparseness. Such as "Yulou Chun"'s "romantic", "Wuyewei"'s "moistened brushwork", and "Langtaosha"'s "magnificence and resentment, both heroes" (see Tan Xian's "Fu Tang Ci Hua") , [Poppy]'s natural and unrestrained nature, "like a young horse that cannot be controlled and caught" (Zhou Ji's "Jiecunzhai Lunci Miscellaneous Works"), has the beauty of both strength and softness, which is indeed different from ordinary graceful works. In the late Tang Dynasty, It is unique among the Five Dynasties Ci. As Nalan Xingde said: "Huajian's poems are like ancient jades, which are precious but not applicable. Song poems are applicable but less high-quality. Li Houzhu has both their beauty and the confusion caused by smoke and water." ("Lushui") "Ting Zashuo")
Li Yu was rich in poems, essays, lyrics, calligraphy and paintings. His old ministers said that he had 30 volumes of "Collected Works" and 100 "Miscellaneous Shuoshu". "Junzhai Shuzhi" contains 10 volumes of "Collection of Li Yu", and "History of Song Dynasty·Yiwenzhi" also contains 10 volumes of "Collection of Empress Li of the Southern Tang Dynasty", both of which are lost. "Zhizhai Shulu Jieti" contains one volume of "Two Main Poems of the Southern Tang Dynasty". The Mohuazhai edition of the forty-eighth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1620) contains 34 poems by Li Yu, among which "Wang Jiangnan" can be seen. Divided into two pieces. In the later Qing Dynasty, Shao Changguang recorded another poem. In modern times, Wang Guowei added 9 poems in the supplement to "Two Main Poems of the Southern Tang Dynasty", but there seem to be many problems among them. According to the opinions of most modern scholars, only 32 poems can be identified as Li Yu's poems. The annotated editions of his poetry collections include "The Second Vocabulary Notes of the Southern Tang Dynasty" by Liu Jizeng of the Qing Dynasty, "The Second Vocabulary Notes of the Southern Tang Dynasty" by the recent Tang Guizhang, and "Revision of the Second Primary Poems of the Southern Tang Dynasty" by Wang Zhongwen, etc. His deeds can be found in "New History of the Five Dynasties", "History of the Song Dynasty", "Book of the Southern Tang Dynasty" by Ma Ling and Lu You, and "Chronology of the Two Masters of the Southern Tang Dynasty" by Xia Chengtao.
Complete Collection of Li Yu's Poems
Huanxi Shayulou Spring Watch, Bodhisattva Man, Bodhisattva Man, Bodhisattva Man, Joy, Migrant Oriole, Long Acacia, One Dendrobium Pearl, Night Song
Happy Pozi in the Back Courtyard The fisherman, the fisherman, is in love with the flowers, watch the willow branch, Qing Ping Le, Ruan Lang returns to pick mulberry seeds, pound and practice Zi Ling
Pound Lian Zi Ling, Santai Ling, pick mulberry seeds, grow acacia, thank you for your new favor, thank you for your new favor, thank you for your new favor, thank you for your new favor, thank you for your new favor, Linjiang Fairy
p>The poppies look to the south of the river, look to the south of the river, look to the south of the river, look to the south of the river, the black night cries, the black night crows, meet each other happily
Midnight singing waves wash the sand in Huanxi gauze waves wash the sand
Attachment: Two poems by Li Jing
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Huanxi Sand
The red sun is already three feet high,
The golden furnace adds fragrant beasts successively,
The red brocade lichen wrinkles with every step.
The beautiful lady dances with gold hairpins,
When she is drunk, she picks up flower stamens and smells them,
I hear the flute and drum playing in the distance from the other hall.
Spring in the Jade House
The snow on the evening makeup has just begun to shine on the skin,
The concubines of the Spring Palace are lined up in rows.
The phoenix flute blows through the water and the clouds are idle,
The colorful clothes are pressed again and the song is full.
Who is more fragrant in the wind?
Drunkenly photographing Langan is full of emotions.
When I return home, I will put off red candles.
Waiting for the horse’s hooves to clear the night moon.
Gengluzi
Golden bird hairpin, red pink noodles,
Meet you temporarily in the flower.
You know my intention and feel your pity.
This feeling must be asked to God.
Fragrance makes ears, wax turns into tears,
It still seems like two people’s thoughts.
The pillow is greasy, the brocade quilt is cold,
I feel even more exhausted.
(A title written by Wen Tingyun)
Bodhisattva Man
The flowers are bright and the moon is dark and misty, and the sky is heading towards Langbian today!
He walks up the fragrant steps in stockings and carries gold-leafed shoes.
See you on the south bank of the painting hall, I always tremble when I lean against someone.
It is difficult for a slave to come out, so teach him to be merciful.
Again
The women on the closed rooftop of Penglai courtyard were speechless while sleeping in the painting hall during the day.
Throw your pillow under the green cloud light, and smell the strange fragrance while embroidering your clothes.
The bead lock moved latently, and I was shocked to realize the silver screen dream.
The faces are full of smiles, and the look at each other is infinite.
Also
The rhyme of the copper spring is crisp and cold, and the sound of the cold bamboo is slow, and the new sound is played slowly and delicately.
The eyes are dark, and the eyes are full of eyes.
The rain clouds are deep in the embroidered house, and it is in harmony when you come.
The banquet was over and empty again, and the soul was lost in a spring dream.
The happy migrating warbler
The dawn moon is falling, the clouds are faint,
I lean on the pillow silently.
I dream about the fragrant grass,
The sky is far away and the sound of wild geese is rare.
The singing orioles are scattered, the remaining flowers are scattered,
The lonely painting hall is deep in the courtyard.
Pian Hongxiu swept away Congyi,
Leave it for the dancers to return.
Sauvignon Blanc
Yun Yi [纺呙], jade shuttle,
The thin shirt is thin,
Light Frown double Dailuo.
The autumn winds are strong and the rain is gentle,
There are three or two banana nests outside the curtain,
What can people do in the long night!
A handful of dendrobium beads
After putting on her evening makeup, Shen Tan lightly added some beads.
Displaying the cloves to others,
A clear song, temporarily causing the cherries to burst.
Luo Xiu □ ("Zhong" in exchange for Yi) is still beautiful,
The cup is deeply swirled with fragrant mash [氵万].
The embroidered bed is leaning on the embroidered bed,
Chewing the red velvet, laughing and spitting at Tan Lang.
Midnight Song
Looking for spring must come early in the spring, and don’t wait until the branches grow old to see the flowers.
The ethereal jade is soft, the fermented grains are floating on the cup, and the surface is clear.
Why not smile frequently and return home late in spring in the forbidden garden.
Drunken and idle together, poems are completed with Jiegu.
Hua Pozi in the Back Courtyard
In front of the back court of Yushu, in front of the Yaocao makeup mirror.
Last year the flowers did not grow old, this year the moon is full again.
Don’t teach biasedly,
Heaven teaches you to grow up with the moon and flowers.
(Perhaps written by Feng Yansi)
The Fisherman
The waves are like a thousand layers of snow, and the peach and plum trees are like a silent team of spring.
With a pot of wine and a pole of fiber, how many people are there like Nong in the world?
Again
A spring breeze, a leaf boat, a cocoon thread and a light hook.
The lake is filled with flowers, the wine is filled with wine, and freedom is found in the vast expanse of waves.
Die Lianhua
Walking leisurely in the distant night pavilion,
The Qingming Festival has just passed, and I wake up early to feel the late spring.
The sound of rain and the wind are lingering,
The hazy moon and clouds come and go.
The peach and plum blossoms are dim in spring,
Who is whispering in the smile of the swing?
A heart filled with thousands of emotions,
People have no place to arrange their time.
(A title written by Li Guan)
Geng Lezi
The willow silk is long, the spring rain is thin,
The sound of leaking outside the flowers is delivered far away.
The wild geese are frightened, and the crows are rising in the city.
The golden partridges are painted on the screen.
The fragrant mist is thin and penetrates the heavy curtain,
The melancholy Xiejiachi Pavilion.
The red candle is on the back, the embroidered drapery is hanging down,
Meng Changjun doesn’t know.
(A title written by Wen Tingyun)
Willow Branches
As the charm grows older, spring becomes shy,
Everywhere the soul feels like it is old;
Thank you for the long strip that looks familiar,
The strong hanging tobacco spike brushes the head.
Qing Ping Le
Don’t come in the middle of spring,
It’s so touching that your eyes are so soft and your heart is broken.
The falling plum blossoms are as chaotic as snow,
It is still full after being brushed all over.
There is no proof of the arrival of wild geese,
The dream of returning home is difficult to come by.
Leaving hatred is like grass in spring,
You can walk farther and still be alive.
Ruan Lang returns
Presented to the twelfth brother of King Zheng
The east wind blows the water and the sun carries the mountains. When spring comes, it is long and leisurely.
The fallen flowers are in a mess, the wine is fading, and the music is playing in the drunken dream.
Who can groom the emerald servant girl if she wears her clothes quietly and wears her makeup at night?
Linger to cherish the beautiful scenery, and lean against the lantern alone at dusk.
Picking mulberry seeds
In front of the pavilion, all the red flowers are chasing each other in spring, and the dance is lingering.
The drizzle is gentle, and the eyebrows are temporarily opened.
The calm and fragrant sound of the green window is broken, and the fragrant seal turns to ashes.
I can't help but feel like I'm about to fall asleep and fall into a dream.
Tao Lian Zi Ling
The deep courtyard is quiet, the small court is empty,
The intermittent cold anvil and intermittent wind.
I have no choice but to stay awake for a long time,
Several voices and the moon come to the curtain.
Tao Lianzi
The hair on the temples is messy, the makeup is worn out at night,
The eyebrows are full of resentment from far away.
The tender cheeks and bamboo shoots are leaning against each other,
For whom are we leaning against the railing with tears?
Santai Order
Watch the watch without sleep and weariness, put on your clothes and go out.
The moon is cold, the autumn bamboos are cold, and the wind cuts through the windows at night.
Picking mulberry seeds
It is late to go to work on the Jinjing sycamore,
A few trees startle the autumn. Day rain brings new sorrow.
A hundred-foot shrimp must be on the jade hook.
The Qiong window is broken by two moths in spring,
Looking back, I want to send my scales to swim,
Nine curved cold waves do not follow the current.
Sauvignon Blanc
One mountain, two mountains,
The mountains are far away, the sky is high, the smoke is cold, and the water is cold,
Acacia maple leaves.
The ju flowers are blooming, but the ju flowers are withered,
The wild geese are flying high and the people have not returned,
A curtain of wind and moonlight is idle.
(A title written by Deng Su)
Xie Xin'en
There is no flute-playing girl in Qin Tower, leaving only the scenery of Shangyuan.
The pink flower and golden pistil are low and high.
The east wind makes me feel fragrant.
The dream of Qiongchuang□ (original lack) will be left for the rest of the day, how much hatred I had in those days!
The green stems reflect the weeping poplar trees.
Meet each other temporarily, like a dream and lazy thinking.
Also
The month before the cherry blossoms have fallen all over the stairs, they are like a bed leaning against a smoked cage.
It’s just like last year today, but the hatred is still the same.
The two servant girls are haggard and cloudy, and their breasts are red with tears.
Where is the pain of lovesickness? The screen window is in a drunken dream.
Also
After the empty guests in the courtyard returned, the painting hall was half-covered with a bead curtain.
Lin Feng is tired of the night.
The new moon in the small building looks back on its own slimness.
The people in Chunguang Town are empty and old, so why should we hate the new sorrows?
Jin Chuang is still sleepy after being trapped.
The sound of the Qiang flute startled the drunken face.
Again
When all the cherries have fallen and spring is about to get sleepy, the swing is lowered and we return.
The moon is dim and slanting late and late, on the flower branches.
Under the screen window at dawn, you don’t know what’s coming.
(Twelve words are missing below)
Also
The slow autumn light cannot be retained, and the red leaves are full of dusk.
It’s the Double Ninth Festival again, and the fragrance of dogwood falls on the terrace.
Purple Ju gas floats in the courtyard door, and the evening mist drizzles.
Yongyongxin's wild geese swallow cold sounds, and the sorrow and hatred are the same every year.
Linjiang Fairy
The cherries have fallen and spring has returned, and the butterflies turn over and fly together.
Zigui cries about the moon in the west of the small building.
The jade hooks and curtains are hanging, and the melancholy twilight smoke hangs down.
After the lonely alleys and people dispersed, Wangcan Tobacco was in the doldrums.
The incense of the stove floats like a phoenix.
Holding the Luo belt empty, I look back and hate Yiyi.
Breaking Time
In the past forty years, our country and our country have spread over three thousand miles of mountains and rivers.
The phoenix pavilion and the dragon tower reach the sky, and the jade trees and their branches are used as tobacco.
How many times have we experienced fighting?
Once you become a captive, you will sink your waist and wear your temples.
On the most hasty day of farewell to the temple, the temple still plays a farewell song.
Weeping to Gong E.
Poppy
The wind returns to the small courtyard, turning green, and the willow eyes continue to spring.
I have been silent for half a day,
The sound of bamboo and the crescent moon are still the same as before.
The music and songs have not yet dispersed, and the ice on the pond has just begun to melt.
The candles are bright and the fragrance is dark, and the building is deep.
My temples are full of clear frost and lingering snow.
Again
When will the spring flowers and autumn moon come? How much do we know about the past?
The east wind blew again in the small building last night,
The motherland cannot bear to look back in the bright moon.
The carved railings and jade inlays should still be there, but the beauty has been changed.
How much sorrow can you have?
Just like a river of spring water flowing eastward.
Looking to the south of the Yangtze River
Idle dreams are far away, and the southern country is in full bloom.
There is an orchestra on the boat and the river is facing Lu, and the city is full of flying catkins and light dust.
Busy to kill the flower watchers!
Again
Idle dreams are far away, and it is autumn in the southern country.
Thousands of miles of cold mountains and rivers are far away, and a lonely boat is parked deep in the reed flowers.
The flute is in Yueming Tower.
Looking at Jiangnan
How much hatred was in my dream last night.
It still feels like the old days when you were swimming in Shangyuan, with cars flowing like water and horses like dragons;
The flowery moon is in the spring breeze!
Again
How many tears, the broken face regained its shape.
Don't talk about your worries with tears, Feng Sheng will not cry when you cry;
Heartbreak is even more doubtless!
The black night cries
The forest flowers have withered the spring red,
It is too hasty,
The cold rain comes in the morning and the wind comes in the evening.
The tears of rouge will make you drunk.
When will it be heavy?
It is true that life grows and hates water.
The black night cries
Last night there was wind and rain, and the curtains rustled with autumn sounds.
The candle is broken and leaks, and I often lean on the pillow. Can't sit up flat.
Everything in the world goes with the flow, but only a dream comes to an end.
Zuixiang Road is stable and should be visited frequently, but other than that it is unsuitable.
Meet each other happily
Speechless, I went up to the west building alone, the moon was like a hook.
The lonely Wutong deep courtyard locks Qingqiu.
Continuous cutting and confusion are the symptoms of divorce.
Don’t have the ordinary feeling in your heart.
Midnight Song
How can we avoid sorrow and hatred in life? There is no limit to my love for being alone in ecstasy!
The dream of returning to the motherland makes me shed tears.
Who can go up to the tall building? I will always remember Qiu Qingwang.
The past has become empty, still like a dream.
Langtaosha
The past can only be sad, but it is difficult to look at the scenery.
Moss invades the steps in the courtyard in the autumn wind.
As long as the bead curtain is not rolled up, who will come all day long?
The golden sword has been buried, and the strength has faded.
On a cool night, the moon is blooming.
Imagine the shadow of Jade Tower and Yao Palace shining in Qinhuai!
Huanxi yarn
I return home from a dream while turning the candle,
I want to find the traces of my past, but I am disappointed,
The wish of Heavenly Teaching is with Violation.
Waiting for the water to pass away from the moon pool platform,
The shady flower pavilion is dimly lit,
I don’t hesitate to put on more clothes.
Lang Tao Sha Ling
The rain is gurgling outside the curtain, and the spring is fading.
Luo quilt cannot bear the cold at dawn.
In the dream, I didn’t know that I was a guest, and I was greedy for pleasure for a while.
Don't lean on the railing alone, the world is unlimited.
It's easy to say goodbye but hard to see.
Flowing water and falling flowers, spring is gone, heaven and earth are gone.
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Two poems by Li Jing
Shanhuazi
The fragrant lotus leaves are gone, and the green waves are rising in the west wind. Still haggard and haggard with the time, unbearable to look at.
The drizzle dreamed of returning to Jisai far away, and the cold wind blew through the small building. How many tears are there to limit hatred, relying on the lantern.
Shanhuazi
The jade hook on the hand-rolled bead curtain locks the heavy building according to the spring regret. Who is the master of the flowers falling in the wind? Thinking leisurely.
The bluebird does not convey the message from the clouds, and the lilacs are empty and full of sorrow in the rain. Looking back at the green waves at dusk in spring, they connect with the flow from the sky.
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