Qin Shihuang annexed six countries, ended the separatist regime in the Warring States and unified China. He felt that his achievements were greater than those of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors in ancient legends, and he could no longer use the title of "King". He should be worthy of his achievements with a more honorable title, so he decided to adopt the title of "Emperor". He was the first emperor of China, and he claimed to be the first emperor. He also stipulated that the descendants who succeeded to the throne should be arranged in order. The second generation is called Emperor II, and the third generation is called Emperor III. This is handed down from generation to generation and passed on to the next generation. National unity, how to govern such a big country? At a court meeting, Prime Minister Wang Wan and others said to Qin Shihuang: "Now the princes have just been eliminated, especially the three kingdoms of Yanchuqi are far away from Xianyang, and it is impossible to seal several kings there. Ask the emperor to seal some princes there. " Qin Shihuang asked his ministers to discuss it. Many ministers agreed with Wang Wan, but only Reese opposed it. He said: "When Zhou Wuwang established the Zhou Dynasty, many governors were sealed. Later, Zhou killed each other like enemies and could not be stopped. It can be seen that the method of enfeoffment is not good. It is better to set up counties and counties nationwide. " Li Si's opinion is just to Qin Shihuang's liking. He decided to abolish the enfeoffment system and use the county system instead, dividing the country into 36 counties, and then dividing the counties below the county level. The county magistrate was appointed directly by the court. The political affairs of the country, big or small, are decided by the emperor. It is said that Qin Shihuang read the memorial from below every day, reading 12 1 kg (at that time, the memorial was engraved on bamboo slips) and didn't rest until after reading it. This shows how concentrated his power is. Before Qin Shihuang unified the Central Plains, there was no unified system in other countries. Take traffic as an example, the size of vehicles in different places is different, so the lanes are also wide and narrow. With the unification of the country, it is inconvenient for vehicles to walk in different lanes. Since then, it has been stipulated that the distance between two wheels on the vehicle should be changed to six feet, so that the track of the wheels will be the same. This makes it convenient for vehicles to travel all over the country. This is called "the same rail car". Before Qin Shihuang unified the Central Plains, the scripts of other countries were also very different. Even the same word can be written in several ways. Since then, more convenient calligraphy has been adopted and unified characters have been stipulated. In this way, cultural exchanges between different places are much more convenient. This is called "the same book". The transportation is convenient and the business is developed, but the standards of size, barrel and weight in different countries are completely different. Since then, it has been stipulated that the whole country should adopt a unified system of weights and measures. In this way, there is no difficulty in buying and selling around. Qin Shihuang engaged in domestic reform, but I didn't expect the Xiongnu in the north to come in. Xiongnu was originally an ancient minority in northern China. In the late Warring States period, Xiongnu nobles took advantage of the decline of Yan and Zhao in the north to invade the south step by step and took away a large area of land in the Hetao area of the Yellow River. After Qin Shihuang unified the Central Plains, he sent a general, Meng tián, to lead 300,000 troops to resist, and incorporated all the areas around the Hetao, setting up 44 counties. In order to resist the invasion of Xiongnu, Qin Shihuang recruited civilian workers, connected the original northern walls of Yan, Zhao and Qin, and built many new walls. In this way, from Lintao (now Min County, Gansu Province) in the west to Liaodong (now Northwest Liaoyang, Liaoning Province) in the east, the Great Wall of Wan Li is connected together. This world-famous ancient building has always been a symbol of our ancient Chinese civilization. Later, Qin Shihuang sent 500 thousand troops to pacify the south and set up three counties; The following year, Meng Tian defeated the Huns and added another county. So there are 40 counties in China. In 2 13 BC, Qin Shihuang held a celebration banquet in Xianyang Palace for opening up territory. Many ministers praised Qin Shihuang's achievements in unifying the whole country. Dr. Chun Yuyue, however, reiterated that the enfeoffment system could not be abolished, and he thought it would not work if he did not follow the ancient rules. By this time, Reese had become prime minister. Qin Shihuang wants to hear his opinion. Reese said: "Now the world is stable and the law and discipline are unified. However, a group of scholars do not study the present, but study the ancient times, making wild comments on state affairs and creating confusion among the people. If it is not prohibited, it will affect the prestige of the court. " Qin Shihuang adopted Lisi's idea and immediately gave an order: except for books such as medicine and planting trees, all books containing poems, books and hundreds of speeches were handed in and burned; Whoever talks privately about such books again commits the capital punishment; Anyone who criticizes the present with the ancient system will be beheaded. In the second year, there were two alchemists (people who swindled money from an alchemist) named Lu Sheng and Hou Sheng, who talked about Qin Shihuang behind his back. When Qin Shihuang learned of this situation, he sent people to catch them. They have escaped. Qin Shihuang was greatly annoyed. He checked again and found that some Confucian scholars in Xianyang were also talking about him together. Qin Shihuang arrested those Confucian scholars for interrogation. Confucian scholars can't stand the torture and give up a large number of people at will. Qin Shihuang ordered more than 460 Confucian scholars who violated the ban to be buried and the rest exiled to the border. This is the event of "burning books to bury Confucianism" in history. Qin Shihuang was so angry that no one dared to persuade him. His eldest son, Fu Su, thought it was too harsh to deal with Confucian scholars and advised him not to do so. Gal, angered Qin Shihuang, ordered Fu Su to leave Xianyang and go to the north to guard the border with Montaigne.