Books will only be read more and more. In the past, present and future thousands of years, China and foreign countries will cross several Wan Li. When you develop good reading habits, you will find that there is too little time and too many good books to read. So learn to read and absorb the infinite energy of books in a limited life. Therefore, it is very important to develop good reading habits. I found some famous reading methods for you, I hope it will help you.
Ba Jin's reading method;
The famous writer Ba Jin's reading method is very strange, because he did it without books. Reading without books is really a miracle of the world. What's going on here? Ba Jin said: "I was hospitalized for the second time. I take a nap for less than an hour every day, so I get out of bed and sit on the small sofa, waiting for the nurse to take my temperature at two o'clock. I sat still, but I didn't doze off. My brain refuses to rest. It is recalling some books and works I have read in the past, as if it wants to keep the next beautiful thing before my memory completely declines. " ?
It turns out that his reading method is to sit there and recall the books he has read. This has many advantages:
(1) is not restricted by conditions and can make full use of time. (2) review the past and learn new things. (3) You can constantly draw spiritual strength from the books you have read.
Hua's reading method:
Chinese reading method: "from thin to thick" and "from thick to thin"
Professor Hua summarized the process of reading into two stages: from shallow to deep and from shallow to deep.
He said: "a book, before you read it, you think it is very thick;" In the process of reading, if you discuss each chapter and section in depth, add notes on each page and supplement the reference materials, you will feel thicker. However, when we really have a thorough understanding of the contents of the book, grasp the main points of the book and master the spiritual essence of the book, we will feel that the book has become thinner. The more thorough we are, the thinner we will feel. This is not a process that every scientist has to go through.
-
Engels' reading method:
One of Engels' reading methods is to pay attention to reading the original, and generally do not use second-hand and third-hand materials easily. On August 6th, 0884, Georg Henrich Vollmar, a German social Democrat, wrote a letter to Engels, saying that a woman was interested in socialism and planned to study social science, but she didn't know which college to go to. Engels replied that this question is difficult to answer. Because every science in the university, especially economics, has been badly ruined, the key is to learn by yourself and master effective self-study methods. Engels said in his letter: "Learn from truly classic books, not from the most offensive German economics summary readings or the speeches of their authors." "The most important thing is to seriously study classical economics, from the physiocratic school to Smith and Ricardo and their schools. There are also works of utopian socialists by Saint-Simon, Fourier and Owen, and works by Marx. At the same time, we should constantly strive to get our own opinions. " In other words, we should read the original work systematically, because "studying the original work itself will not lead some second-hand materials such as simplified books astray." Judging from the bibliography he has read, although he has read many popular brochures, newspapers and periodicals, etc. He spends the most time and reads the most classic original works. Reading the original works systematically is the correct reading method for research. In this way, we can understand the process of the emergence, development and perfection of a theory, not only comprehensively and systematically grasp the basic principles, but also grasp its development process and understand the whole picture of this theory.
Dumas' reading method:
Reading Methods of The Elders of Faria
Dumas, a famous French writer, has a set of carefully selected reading methods. In the book The Count of Monte Cristo, he created a knowledgeable figure, the Faria Elder, and talked about this reading method through the elder's mouth: "In my study in Rome, I have nearly 5,000 books, but I have read them many times and found that a person only needs 150 selected books, right. At least I know everything I need or should know. I spent three years of my life studying this 150 book until I remembered them completely in my mind. " Here, he thinks that the book 150 can cover "all human knowledge", which is obviously not scientific enough. However, it is worth learning from the motor's emphasis on "reading selected books"
The quality of books in the world is different, so choose the best books to read, and don't spend your energy on second-and third-rate books. When reading, you should remember the rule that you can only get the best from the middle.
Einstein's reading method:
Einstein, a great physicist, summed up the reading method of "one is always divided into two parts and three is combined", which can be used for reference.
Read the preface, postscript, preface and other general parts of this book first, and then read the table of contents carefully to get a general understanding of the structure, content, main points and system of this book, so as to have an overall impression on this book.
Dichotomy: after reading the table of contents, skim the text first, without reading word for word. You should focus on reading paragraphs with big or small titles, underscores, dots, bold words or special marks, which are often the focus of each section. You can choose what you need to read carefully according to these.
Trinity: On the basis of skimming the whole book, you have a concrete impression of this book. You can go back and carefully read the contents of the catalogue and the whole book, think and synthesize it, so as to make it organized and systematic, so as to clarify its internal relations, achieve the purpose of deepening and improving, and further understand many things that you don't understand at first. This step is very important. When this step doesn't matter, people often throw away the book.
Hua, a famous mathematician, has a strange way of reading. He picked up a book under the light, didn't read it word by word from beginning to end, but thought about the title for a while, then turned off the light and lay in bed, closed his eyes and meditated. He imagined how to write such a topic ... after thinking about it, he opened the book, and if the author wrote what he thought, he wouldn't read it. A book takes ten and a half months.
Su Dongpo is knowledgeable. He has a reading method of "being attacked on all sides". He believes that every time you read a book, you only need to understand and digest one question. Read it again and again, and you can master everything. Young people learn knowledge and read every book several times. A book is rich in content, but people's energy is limited and it is impossible to absorb it all at once. They can only focus on one aspect. For example, if you want to explore the reasons for the rise and fall of dynasties, read it from this angle without considering other aspects. If you want to discuss deeds, history or laws, let's look at it from another angle. Read it again. Although this method is a bit stupid, it can stand the test of all aspects after completion. There is an important principle in Sun Tzu's Art of War, which is called "I am long, and the enemy is divided". If you are attacked from all sides, don't be attacked from all sides, but concentrate superior forces to surpass the enemy in number. This method is used by Su Dongpo in reading and has always been praised by scholars in past dynasties.
The old revolutionary Xu Teli also has a set of effective reading methods. One is the accumulation method. When he studied Shuo Wen Jie Zi, he divided 540 radicals into one year and read only two words every day. When he teaches students to learn these radicals, he only asks them to remember one word every day and finish it in two years. He began to learn a foreign language at the age of 43, which is the same way: he learns a new word every day. Finally, I learned French, German and Russian. He said: "Reading often suffers from' skimming',' wolfing down' and' swallowing dates', and when you read it, you forget it. Unrealistic greed, I can neither understand nor remember. My reading method is always based on' quantitative' and' constant'. " Second, the methods of ancient and modern China and foreign countries. Books should be read at all times and all over the world. "The combination of ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, become mine. I like to eat beef or dog meat, and it becomes my meat after eating it. That's right. " Third, borrow books and extract them. Choose excerpts to deepen your understanding in the selection. The selection of materials must be analyzed, and the essentials can be mastered through analysis. When he was in Hunan, he heard that the circulation organization of books and newspapers in Hunan had a "cheap * *". He just adopted the methods of copying and reading. But he didn't copy it all, but extracted it and made a detailed analysis. As a result, his understanding of the second volume is deeper than that of the first volume. Later, even when it was not difficult to buy books, he advocated copying some books, because it could help him understand them deeply.
Zou Taofen
Zou Taofen was a famous journalist, political commentator and publisher in modern times. When reading a book, he always reads it first. If he likes it very much, make a mark on the topic and read it for the first time, especially for the third time. Daai watches it whenever he has time. In this way, the books he read formed a pagoda with the largest foundation and a wide range of browsing. Then the more he went up, the less he read and the more diligent he became. Zou Taofen said so.
Pagoda reading method combines browsing and intensive reading when reading a book, selects the best and eliminates the bad in the reading process, avoids general exertion and wastes unnecessary reading time. Learning and thinking are one. Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." This sentence summarizes the dialectical relationship between "learning" and "thinking" Only by combining the two closely can we go through the process of "removing the rough and selecting the fine"
Lu Xun's "Skipping Reading" Method
Mr. Lu Xun said: "If you only look at that place when you are in doubt, you won't understand it for a long time, so jump over and move on, and then even understand the place in front." This method is the further development of Tao Yuanming's "not asking for much" reading method. Its advantage is that it can save time, improve reading speed and focus on the overall understanding of the original and the most important content.
Lao She's "Impression" Method
Lao She said, "It seems that I only need a little inspiration to study. Impressive is a good book, and I don't have time to analyze it carefully ...' Impressive' is sometimes not the whole book, but a passage that interests me the most; Because this passage made me feel good about the whole book; In fact, the beauty of this paragraph is enough to ruin all the beauty, but I don't care; I like a paragraph for two days and I am grateful. "
Hua's "thickness" method
Hua believes that the first step in reading is "from shallow to deep". In other words, reading should be down-to-earth, and every concept and theorem should be traced back to the source and thoroughly understood. In this way, a book that was originally very thin has become "very thick" because of adding a lot of content, which is "from thin to thick". After this step, there is a more important step, which is the first step.
Einstein's three-step reading method of "whole, divided and combined"
The so-called total is to form an overall impression of the whole book first. On the basis of browsing the preface, postscript, editing and other general things, read the table of contents carefully and get a general understanding of the structure, system, clue content and main points of the book.
The so-called "score" means reading the full text page by page on the basis of overall understanding, rather than word by word. In skimming, we should pay special attention to the key points, points and contents closely related to our own needs.
The so-called combination is to sort out and systematize the impressions obtained after reading the whole book, so as to organically combine ideas and materials. After careful thinking and synthesis, the internal relations of the whole book are clarified, so as to achieve the purpose of summing up, deepening and improving.
Jack London's "Hungry Wolf" Reading Method
Jack London, an American writer, has gone through hardships and cherishes the opportunity to study. When he came across a book, he didn't pry it open with a sleigh and steal a little content, but like a hungry wolf, he put his teeth into the book's throat, sucked its blood, swallowed its meat and bit its bones violently! Until all the fibers and muscles in that book became a part of him.
Mao Mu's "Interesting" Reading Method
Mao Mu, an English writer, put forward the idea of "reading for pleasure". He said, "I don't advise you to read one book before reading another. Personally, I think it is more reasonable to read five or six books at the same time, because we can't keep the same mood every day, and even within one day, our enthusiasm for a book may not be the same. "
Yang Zhenning's "Infiltration" Reading Method
Professor Yang Zhenning believes that since knowledge permeates and expands mutually, the method of mastering knowledge should also be adapted to it. When we concentrate on studying a course or delving into a subject, if we consciously extend our wisdom to the adjacent knowledge fields, it will inevitably have a different artistic conception. If we are part of those familiar knowledge chains, we are likely to make unexpected new discoveries. We might as well read books on related majors if time and energy permit. It doesn't matter if you don't know for a while. In the process of semi-communication, some valuable enlightenment may be produced. Infiltration learning will broaden our horizons, activate our thinking and greatly improve learning efficiency.
If you don't accumulate steps, you can't become a river or a sea. In this era of material supremacy, it takes a little effort to persist in learning from Shushan. Come on!