2000 BC: People in China write with a brush made of mouse hair. This ink is a mixture of soot, lamp oil and gel.
BC 1200: The Egyptians extracted natural dyes and colors from berries, plants and minerals to make black water. This pen is a thin reed. 600 years later, the Egyptians invented papyrus.
AD 400: Many civilized societies invented more stable ink. It is made of iron salt, oak bile and gum Arabic. This basic formula has been used for centuries.
AD 700: The Romans invented quill pens, using feathers from the wings of big birds. Feather pen became the main writing tool in the later 1000.
1548: Juan de Iciar, a Spanish calligrapher, mentioned bronze pens for the first time in his calligraphy manual.
1700: Nicolas Bion (a master of musical instrument making in Louis XIV's France) first left drawings for fountain pens. He has five pens handed down from generation to generation.
1803: British engineer Brian Jintang obtained the patent for the first steel nib.
1809: Peggy Williamson obtained the patent for pen making for the first time in the United States, which is a fountain pen with ink in the pen tube. However, his design has many defects.
1830: British steelworkers william joseph Gillot, william mitchell and James Stephen Perry invented the method of mass production of nib. Due to the improvement of steel quality in the next 20 years, fewer and fewer people use quill pens.
1884: Lewis Edersen wortmann, an insurance salesman in new york, invented the first practical fountain pen after losing an important customer because the pen was broken.
1888: John Lauder of weymouth, Massachusetts, USA obtained the patent for the first ballpoint pen, but it was not mass-produced until the patent expired.
In the first decade of the 20th century, four pen manufacturers dominated the market, namely Parker, Xifeili, Will Yongfeng and Liverman.
19 12: Xifeili Pen Co., Ltd. added a pull rod water absorption device to the pen tube of fountain pen. Before this, people used droppers to add ink to fountain pens.
1935: Wolman introduced the ink bag, which was a small glass tube with a cork at that time.
1938: Hungarian journalist László Bíró and his brother Georg invented the first practical ballpoint pen. It uses printing ink that can be dried quickly. Britain later allowed them to make ballpoint pens for British Air Force pilots. Ballpoint pens do not leak oil at high altitude, while fountain pens leak oil.
1945: Milton Reynolds, a Chicago businessman, redesigned Biro's invention and introduced it to the United States. Biro's invention was not patented in America at that time. Yongfeng Company, which owns the patent right of Biro's invention, soon put their products on the market. The new fountain pen caused a sensation and sold well.
1950: French baron Marcel Bisch founded BIC company. His company is good at mass production of ballpoint pens. (Today, the bicycle company is the largest pen-making company in the world, selling 2,654,380,000 pens every day and 7.6 billion pens a year. )
195 1 year: after the initial craze, the public found that ballpoint pens were expensive and unreliable. The sales of ballpoint pens dropped sharply. The pen is back.
1954: Parker Pen Company launched a "notebook" ballpoint pen. This more reliable new ballpoint pen takes five times as long as the most popular similar products. Sales of ballpoint pens have picked up again.
1962: Tomiiki Horie of Tokyo Stationery Company is famous for inventing felt-tip pens.
1966: Fisher invented the space pen for NASA. The ink bag of this pen is pressurized and can write in weightlessness.
1979: Gillette has introduced a new type of pen, which can erase words within 10 hour. The key is to use rubber glue as ink.
1984: Japan Sakura Company introduced neutral ink pen, which is an intermediate product of ballpoint pen and marker pen, and uses neutral pen.
1996: Pentel Company of the United States introduced "Milkys" neutral ink pen, which was deeply loved by American children.
2. Observing the refill (composition) 500-word refill Buying a refill is only a dollar for most people, but this small refill contains a philosophy of life worthy of our deep thinking. The refills of Shell Stationery are always varied, but the retail price is the same-1yuan, the only difference is the pattern and color of the refill shell. Perhaps more often, the shell determines its sales. In order to attract attention, it naturally sells well. Just as a person's first face is judged by appearance, a person with beautiful appearance always seems to be different and luckier. Although the retail price of good and bad is the same, it is different to buy boxed refills. 16 yuan to 89 yuan is different, and the gap is revealed at this time. It may not be the same, but most boxed refills are. When you get what you want, different brands of boxes will determine their value. Just like people, society is a mixture of good and evil people, but our label, school status and academic qualifications determine our value. So the difference between good and bad is the difference between boxes. Of course, if you still keep bad refills, you will ruin the brand's reputation. We all have the habit of trying before buying a refill for the first time. See if this refill works. However, the first thing we see is not necessarily the real quality of the refill. Often some people are always making a fool of themselves, but they just muddle through. Perhaps it is a treasure, but it is a disappointment. In our real life, such examples emerge one after another, deceiving the public's eyes with false faces and false means. But time will tell. This way can only make us. Trust this man. Generally speaking, a good pen and ink refill will not have some annoying problems. For example, after writing on the correction tape, the handwriting will be diluted, and the good refill will keep its original color until the last drop of ink is used up. Just like some people, it will continue to emit its own light from the beginning and will persist until the end. We will never change our nature. There are too many qualities in the refill that deserve our understanding and learning. People are like refills, leaving handwriting in their lives, but whether there is paper for you to write, the quality of your pen and ink, and your painting and calligraphy patterns are all worth pondering and exploring. Let's all be a good refill.
3. Observe the refill (composition) 500-word refill
Buying a refill is only a dollar a minute for most people, but this small refill contains a philosophy of life worthy of our deep thinking.
shell
Stationery stores always have various refills, but the retail price is the same-1yuan. The only difference is the pattern and color of the cartridge shell. Perhaps more often, it is the shell that determines its sales volume, attracts attention and naturally sells well.
Just as a person's first face is judged by appearance, a person with beautiful appearance always seems to be different and luckier.
Good and bad.
Although the retail price is the same, buying a box is different. A box of refills has 16, 17 yuan, and also has 8 or 9 pieces. At this time, the gap is revealed. Maybe it can't be generalized, but most boxed refills are not affordable, and you get what you pay for. A box of different brands determines their value.
Just like between people, the society is a mixture of good and evil, but our label, the status of the school and our education determine our value. So the difference between good and bad is the difference between boxes. Of course, if you still have poor refills, you will ruin the brand's reputation.
The first stroke
We all have a habit. Before buying a refill, we will try its handwriting to see if it works. However, the first thing we see is not necessarily the real quality of the refill. Often some people always fill in the blanks, but they just muddle through, maybe it's beyond the golden jade.
In our real life, such examples emerge one after another, deceiving the public's eyes with false faces and false means. But time will witness everything. This way can only make us lose confidence in this brand and trust in this person.
Pen and ink-writing
Generally, a good refill will not have some annoying problems, such as the handwriting will fade after writing on the correction tape, and a good refill will keep its original color until the last drop of ink is used up.
Just like some people, from the beginning, they will continue to emit an inescapable light, will persist until the end, and will never change their nature.
There are too many qualities in the refill that deserve our understanding and learning. People are like refills, leaving handwriting in their life, but whether there is paper for you to write, the quality of your pen and ink, and the patterns you draw are all worthy of our in-depth thinking and exploration.
Let's be good refills!
4. Write with a pen
Since Cai Lun invented paper in the Eastern Han Dynasty, various writing tools-pens came into being. The pen family flourished: brushes, pencils, ballpoint pens, pens ... These pens have produced various descendants, but pens are the most commonly used now.
Pens can be regarded as a big category of pens. According to the ink storage method, it can be divided into two types: dip pen and unsolicited pen.
Dip pen, as the name implies, is to dip the pen tip in ink to write. Sometimes we just call it a dip pen. Because of its unattractive appearance, simple structure, troublesome writing and inconvenient carrying, it has long since withdrawn from the historical stage. Now we use fountain pens that can store ink. Because of its fluency, portability and low cost, it has become the favorite of many writers.
Pens come in different shapes and colors, but they generally consist of a shell, a barrel, a nib and a cap. There is a small "ink bottle" bag in the pen tube. When absorbing ink, as long as you squeeze the capsule hard to expel air, and then insert it into the ink, the ink will be sucked in. When writing, the ink in the capsule flows from the tongue to the nib. The nib is made of wear-resistant metal, which is thin and durable, unlike the feather tube, which will thicken if it is written too much.
The most expensive part of a pen is the nib. The nib is divided into three categories: gold nib, iridium nib and steel nib, of which gold nib is the best, iridium nib is the second, and steel nib is the second. The gold nib is made of gold mixed with silver and copper. The more copper, the harder the gold pen. The iridium electrode tip and the steel electrode tip are made of stainless steel. Gold tip and iridium tip have small round particles, but steel tip does not.
This is why steel tips are not as durable as gold tips and iridium tips.
That small round particle is iridium alloy, which is called "strong cathode agent" of metal. Very rare and very wear-resistant, it can withstand the scouring and corrosion of ink every day without being washed away. This is also the secret of good durability of pens.
5.282 There are many kinds of pens. Let's introduce a pen. Here, introduce a gel pen.
This gel pen is about 14 cm long and about 1 cm wide. Open the lid, there is an inner lid, and a metal column extends from the inner lid. This metal column is the pen mouth. If you look closely, you will find a small ball at the tip of the pen mouth, which can roll. This is a pen ball. When writing, the pen ball will roll, bring out the ink and attach it to the paper. However, the pen bead is very fragile, and as long as it is violently hit, it will make the pen bead unable to roll. So when using gel pen, don't fall to the ground.
Unscrew the inner cover and you will see the whole inside of the pen. Hold the pen mouth and pull out a slender tube from the pen. This tube is connected with the pen mouth into a whole, which is called a refill. The refill is filled with ink, and the amount of ink determines the life of the refill. When the ink runs out, the refill is scrapped.
There is a cylindrical plastic hard shell outside the refill, which is the pen cover. The inner cover is screwed on the pen cover. There is no limit to the life of the pen cover, as long as it is not broken, it can be used all the time. The refill is scrapped, just replace it with a matching refill.
When the pen is not used, the pen cover will protect the pen mouth and prevent the pen mouth from being violently hit. There is a piece of soft rubber in the pen cover. When the pen cover is closed, soft rubber will press on the pen mouth to prevent dust from entering the pen mouth. There is a groove on the pen cover, which just corresponds to the protrusion on the pen cover. This concave and convex place makes the pen cover firmly cover the pen cover.
Gel pens have many advantages. 1: low price. It's not like a pen. A good pen costs hundreds or even thousands of yuan, and a good gel pen only costs more than ten yuan. 2: light weight. Much lighter than pens, which are generally made of steel and gel pens are made of plastic. 3: Long use time. As long as it is not deliberately destroyed, a gel pen can be used for a long time with a refill. 4: easy to use. If you use a pen, be careful when adding ink. If you are not careful, you will knock over the ink bottle and the gel pen will not get your hands dirty.
Hope to adopt
6. The composition about the improved pen is 600 words, hello everyone! My name is Zhang, and I am the salesman of Ace.
As the saying goes, "Today's dream is the reality of the future." Nowadays, the level of science and technology is changing with each passing day. Climb a flight of stairs every day.
In the future, I think the ordinary pen used now will be improved. Now I'd like to introduce a new century pen-QQ pen.
How's it going? Your eyes are greedy! This pen looks a bit like mechanical pencil, however, its function is not just writing. QQ pen has many functions, please let me introduce it to you slowly.
Function 1: anti-theft function. When you use this pen, we will give you a Bluetooth headset. If you find that the pen is missing, just turn on the Bluetooth headset and make sure that the pen will fly to you unscathed.
Function 2: You can change the words written by the pen. There is a small keyboard at the top of this pen. Besides the English letters on the computer, there are also these characters on the computer. They are lead for pencils, circles for ballpoint pens, steel and colored pens for pens.
Change the handwriting and color of the words written by the pen by exchange. There is also an eraser "eraser". Press this key, and the nib will become an eraser.
It can erase everything you write or draw. Function 3: It can be turned into a computer, a camera and a tape recorder.
Convenient for travel and work. Function 4: It can be used to charge other things.
Maybe you will ask, what if the QQ pen itself dies? Will there be no electricity? No, this pen, its pen holder can automatically absorb solar energy. If it is rainy or dark for a long time, you can also charge this pen with the charging bag you brought when you bought it.
Function 5: It can be illuminated. If the light is too dim when writing homework, it will automatically light up.
If the light is too strong, it will automatically absorb some light energy and store energy for itself. Function 6: Alarm bell.
As long as the little master's writing posture is not standardized, it will beep to urge the little master to correct his posture. Function 7: Air conditioning in pen.
In this way, the writer will not sweat in summer, and of course it will be warm in winter. Function 8: Deformable.
When writing, if you think the pen is too short, you can lengthen it and even play a self-defense role. Function 9: voice time, voice message.
It can not only set an alarm clock to wake you up, but also record your daily homework, and it can also be turned into a small mobile phone to make a phone call. After listening to my introduction, you must think that such a multifunctional pen must be very expensive. Actually, it's not too expensive. Usually it costs about 1000 yuan, and major festivals such as National Day and Spring Festival can be discounted by 20% or even 60%.
It is still possible to buy such a pen as long as you save the money you usually buy snacks or spend the lucky money. Welcome to buy in China Science and Technology Museum in ten years.
7. Writing about the pen The family pen is a writing tool cultivated by everyone in the cultural park. We practice writing, writing, drawing and calculating with pens every day. However, let me tell you, if you know the huge pen family. Generally speaking, pens are divided into hard pens and soft pens. Speaking of the family history of pens, I'm afraid it's as old as us humans. Tracing back to the source, it was in human life as early as ancient times. It just counts or marks with branches and sharp stones. In slave society, people found that animal hair can absorb water, so they came up with a way to fix an animal hair on a bamboo tube to write. This is a writing brush. According to the different writing materials, it can be divided into wool, wolf hair and so on. The appearance of the brush greatly saves the recording time and is more portable and practical. How many literati use it to splash painters' various brushes and leave them behind. A new kind of pen appeared, which is a new member of the pen family. They are more than ten centimeters tall, wearing metal or plastic coats, shiny metal heads, rubber bellies and full of "ink". Pen is the favorite of pen owners, which is practical, beautiful, smooth, delicate and even in lines, which is beyond the reach of other pens. With the changes of the times and the development of culture and science, there are not only soft and hard pencils, but also rubber-tipped pencils and movable fine-core pencils, which are widely used by primary school students. Today, the pen family suddenly prospered, and many new faces appeared, such as chalk, ballpoint pen, crayon, artistic pen, colored fountain pen and so on. All kinds of exquisite, dexterous, beautiful and practical pens are increasingly updated and widely used by people. The scope of the pen is also growing. Nowadays, pens are not only used for writing letters and taking notes. You see, girls use eyebrows to draw eyebrows, engineers use electronic pens to draw pictures with computers, and so on. Isn't it often said that "pen and ink are earth-shattering, and articles are earth-shattering"? I believe that with the rapid development of science, the pen family will continue to transform, update and develop, and its functions will become more and more complete, which will play a huge role in human civilization. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Pen Since Cai Lun invented paper in the Eastern Han Dynasty, various writing tools-pens came into being. The pen family flourished: brushes, pencils, ballpoint pens, pens ... these pens produced all kinds of descendants. However, the pen is the most widely used now. Pens can be regarded as a big category of pens. According to the ink storage method, it can be divided into two categories: dip pen and unsolicited pen. Dip pen, as the name implies, is to dip the pen tip in ink. Sometimes we just call it a dip pen. Because of its unattractive appearance, simple structure, troublesome writing and inconvenient carrying, it has long since withdrawn from the historical stage. Now we use fountain pens that can store ink. Because of its fluency, portability and low cost, it has become the favorite of many writers. Pens vary in shape and color, but generally consist of a shell, a barrel, a nib and a cap. There is a small one in the pen tube. Just squeeze the capsule hard, exhaust the air, and then insert the ink, and the ink in the capsule will be sucked in. When writing, the ink in the capsule will flow from the tongue to the tip of the pen. The nib is made of wear-resistant metal, which is thin and durable, unlike a feather tube. The most expensive part of a pen is the nib. The nib can be divided into three categories: gold nib, iridium nib and steel nib, among which the gold nib is the best, followed by iridium nib. The more copper, the harder the gold pen. Iridium tip and steel tip are both made of stainless steel. Both the gold tip and the iridium tip have small round particles, while the steel tip does not. This is why steel tips are not as durable as gold tips and iridium tips. Small round particles are iridium alloys, which are called "strong positive agents" of metals. They are very rare and wear-resistant. I can bear the erosion and corrosion of ink every day without being washed away. This is also the secret of the durability of a good pen. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = I am an ordinary mechanical pencil. My young master sends me to school every day, and I do the math. I'm afraid everyone knows about my grandfather. At that time, my grandfather could buy it everywhere. Even now, someone is taking advantage of him. However, compared with me, my grandfather is still very backward. Well, I won't forget it. My grandfather is a famous wooden pencil. You will definitely say, "What's the big deal about wooden pencils!" Don't underestimate my grandfather, he is an indispensable writing tool for people in previous years! Grandpa is made of wood, with a refill in the middle and painted with green or various colors. Grandpa's refill is made of lead. Cut it out and sharpen it when you buy it. You have to cut it again when you use it, and then buy it after you cut it. It's inconvenient, but it's the only way. Year after year, day after day, grandpa is old and it's time to retire. At this time, my father has replaced my grandfather's work. My father In those years when I worked for my young master, my young master liked him very much. My father is more beautiful and convenient than my grandfather. Although expensive, he is still loved by people. My father's working principle is simple: put a lead core as thick as a ballpoint pen core and cut it on the pencil sharpener at the top of the pen cap. This is much more convenient than my grandfather's. Just change the lead at any time. Dad's problem also came out. Slow speed, too many black pens and uncleanness made the young master lose confidence in his father. Slowly, I appeared in the young master's pencil box, and my father retired like my grandfather. I have a nice name: mechanical pencil. As the name implies, I am of course automatic, but the principle of "work" is not much different from my father's. Put the lead in and press it. I tell you, my lead is dozens of times thinner than my father's and my grandfather's, so you don't need to cut it or install it.
8. Writing with a Pen Since Cai Lun invented paper in the Eastern Han Dynasty, various writing tools-pens came into being.
The pen family flourished: brushes, pencils, ballpoint pens, pens ... These pens have produced various descendants, but pens are the most commonly used now. Pens can be regarded as a big category of pens.
According to the ink storage method, it can be divided into two types: dip pen and unsolicited pen. Dip pen, as the name implies, is to dip the pen tip in ink to write. Sometimes we just call it a dip pen.
Because of its unattractive appearance, simple structure, troublesome writing and inconvenient carrying, it has long since withdrawn from the historical stage. Now we use fountain pens that can store ink.
Because of its fluency, portability and low cost, it has become the favorite of many writers. Pens come in different shapes and colors, but they generally consist of a shell, a barrel, a nib and a cap. There is a small "ink bottle" bag in the pen tube. When absorbing ink, as long as you squeeze the capsule hard to expel air, and then insert it into the ink, the ink will be sucked in.
When writing, the ink in the capsule flows from the tongue to the nib. The nib is made of wear-resistant metal, which is thin and durable, unlike the feather tube, which will thicken if it is written too much. The most expensive part of a pen is the nib.
The nib is divided into three categories: gold nib, iridium nib and steel nib, of which gold nib is the best, iridium nib is the second, and steel nib is the second. The gold nib is made of gold mixed with silver and copper. The more copper, the harder the gold pen.
The iridium electrode tip and the steel electrode tip are made of stainless steel. Gold tip and iridium tip have small round particles, but steel tip does not.
This is why steel tips are not as durable as gold tips and iridium tips. That small round particle is iridium alloy, which is called "strong cathode agent" of metal. Very rare and very wear-resistant, it can withstand the scouring and corrosion of ink every day without being washed away.
This is also the secret of good durability of pens.