—— Appreciation of the ancient poems about the Mid-Autumn Festival (Part II)
Wang Chuanxue
The poems about the Mid-Autumn Festival in the Song Dynasty have less horror of the Ghost Festival and more festive atmosphere.
Fan Zhongyan, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote A Hundred Flowers in the Mid-Autumn Night, which shows the elegance of enjoying the moon:
Nanyang is a satrap and crazy,
enjoying the moon before the Mid-Autumn Festival.
I forget to go home at night in Baihuazhou,
The green road is silent and smooth.
Heaven learns that the blue sea pours out pearls,
Cold glow shoots treasures and stars are scattered.
Looking at the world under the West Building,
Yingran is in the jade pot.
It's never possible to avoid the heat.
It's not an act of god to have a cool life tonight.
a flute blows away Wan Liyun, and
the host sings loudly and gets drunk.
The guests are drunk and dance with me, and
Vogel dances like CSI.
Fan Zhongyan (989-152 AD) was an outstanding thinker, politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Successive Xinghua county magistrate, secret cabinet school manager, Chen Zhou judge, Suzhou magistrate, etc., have been repeatedly criticized for speaking out. In the first year of Kangding (14), together with Han Qi * * *, they were appointed as the deputy envoys of Shaanxi to appease and recruit, and adopted the policy of "cultivating fields for a long time" to consolidate the northwest frontier defense. In the third year of Qingli (143), he became a participant in the political affairs and initiated the "Qingli New Deal". Soon after, the New Deal was frustrated, and Fan Zhongyan was banished from Beijing, and he learned about Zhangzhou, Dengzhou, Hangzhou and Qingzhou. Fan Zhongyan has outstanding political achievements and outstanding literary achievements. His thought of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" and moral integrity with lofty ideals have a far-reaching impact on future generations. There is a collection of Fan Wenzheng's official documents handed down from ancient times.
Fan Zhongyan knew Dengzhou in the sixth year of Qingli. Baihuazhou is located in the southeast corner of the ancient city of Dengzhou. Among many poems written by Fan Zhongyan during his knowledge of Deng, he praised Baihuazhou many times: "Nanyang has a unique victory, Baihuazhou under the city" ("Poem of Lanxiu Pavilion"), "Baihuazhou forgets to return at night, and the green trees are silent and smooth" ("Hundred Flowers in the Mid-Autumn Night").
The poet knew that Dengzhou was under the jurisdiction of Nanyang, so he called himself the prefect of Nanyang. In the eyes of the world, the poet seems to be "clear and crazy", actually enjoying the moon on the night of Zhongyuan and wandering in Baihuazhou at night. In Baihuazhou, the green road is silently exposed to light and lubricated. God also learned to produce pearls like a blue sea, spit out one, and its cold radiance makes the stars dim. Looking downstairs again, the whole world is shrouded in moonlight, as if a crystal is in a jade pot. The poet wrote about the beautiful scenery under the moon, highlighting the pleasant mood when "enjoying the moon".
Next, write about the feast after enjoying the moon. It has always been said that the summer heat is inevitable. Tonight, God is especially blessed. It is so cool, so let's enjoy ourselves and live up to this beautiful moment. The host sang loudly, and the loud flute blew away the dark clouds in Wan Li; The guests were drunk and danced to the host's song. The poet sighed: If you don't dance or sing, you will get old quickly.
The poet writes about appreciating the moon on the Mid-Autumn Festival. After enjoying the moon, he feasts, dances and sighs, which shows the poet's philosophical attitude towards life.
Let's look at Han Qi's "Ji You Zhong Yuan" in the Northern Song Dynasty again:
I'm tired of steaming to get the Zhong Yuan,
Yu Ku invades people and is still fresh and happy.
the sick plug can't flush the wine weir,
the gas has finally emptied into the orchid.
Chen bian will be lazy when he is on the couch,
Feng Ling, who is in danger, wants to get down.
I heard that the grass and the grass were all over the scale, and
the sun was on the west, and I was happy with the sunset.
Han Qi (AD 18-175) was born as Guigui, so he was named Gancuo. Politicians and famous soldiers in the Northern Song Dynasty. Li Shumi, the direct bachelor, the assistant envoy of Shaanxi's strategy to appease, and the Shaanxi Fourth Road strategy to appease and recruit envoys. With Fan Zhongyan * * * defending Xixia, he was famous for a while and was called "Han Fan". In the first year of Jiayou (156), he served as a Tang dynasty; Three years, thanks to the same book door flat chapter. The British Sect succeeded to the throne, worshiped the right servant and shot him, sealing Wei Guogong. God stands upright, worships the common and serves the middle school, and knows Xiangzhou and Daming House. He is the author of fifty volumes of Anyang Collection. The whole Song Ci recorded four ci poems.
I finally looked forward to the Mid-Autumn Festival, thinking it would be cool, but the weather was still so hot that the sick poet was still uncomfortable. I can't drink because I'm sick. I'm too lazy to read books, and it's hard to go downstairs However, the rosy clouds all over the sky before sunset have brightened my old eyes, which can temporarily comfort my sick people.
Being sick and in a bad mood during the Poets' Day, and being very hot in autumn and summer, add to the troubles. However, the sunset glow all over the sky made the poet feel better.
Zhao Ding, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote the poem "Drunk and Beautiful in the Mid-Autumn Festival", which shows the festive interest:
People are happy to get together every year, and
it's good to have wine beside the poem.
Mo Dao Xuan Feng only fishes, and
He stays awake with the secular night.
Zhao Ding (185-1147) was a character town, and it was named Quanjushi. Anti-gold fame. Emperor Gaozong acceded to the throne, except for the right of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In the third year of Jianyan (AD 1129), he worshiped Yu Shichong. In four years, he signed the Privy Council and spun out Zhijianzhou and Hongzhou. During the years of Shaoxing, we met several times. Later, because of disagreement with Qin Gui, we broke up and learned about Quanzhou. Seek exile in Xinghua army and move to Zhangzhou and Chaozhou for resettlement. Then move the Jiyang army. After three years in Jiyang, knowing that Qin Gui would kill himself, he wrote to himself: "Ride the tail of a dustpan and return to the sky, making a mountain and river strong." Died without food at the age of sixty-three. Loyalty is awe-inspiring, and people admire it. Filial piety, loyalty and simplicity. Zhao Ding is good at writing, poetry and ci. Most of the articles are simple and fluent, and they are "natural" (the biography of Song History). There are 1 volumes of Zhong Zhengde's Collected Works, one volume of Dequan Jushi Ci, and 45 poems.
It's Mid-Autumn Festival again, and everyone is looking forward to family reunion on the full moon. In the poet's view, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a festival for two reasons: one can help poetry; Second, it can promote alcohol consumption. Ignore the things of ghosts and gods, come fishing and wait for the morning.
It seems that in the minds of people in the Song Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival means reunion. Less "something fishy" and more fun in life.
The Mid-Yuan written by Xu Jisun, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, expresses the feeling of homesickness:
Today, at every seasonal festival, we are still in a strange hometown.
Zen and meditation are divided into seats, and fasting is like going to court.
the river tea is watery, and the wild vegetables are fragrant.
suddenly, I remember the three autumn chrysanthemums, who will hoe the small famine.
Xu Jisun, whose name is Yi Fu, tried to be a small official in Lin 'an when he was in charge of religious affairs. After retiring, he named his living room Zhusuo. There is "Zhu Suoyin Draft".
When the festival comes, the poet can't go home and still lives in a foreign land. The poet cooks tea and dishes alone in the Buddhist temple, watching the color of river tea floating on the water and tasting wild vegetables with mountain fragrance, but he is also at ease. But when I think of autumn and chrysanthemums in full bloom, who can help to hoe the weeds on the path of my home? Homesickness is getting stronger and stronger.
As can be seen from this poem, the Mid-Autumn Festival in the Song people's concept is not so terrible. It is not only a ghost festival, but also a festival of homesickness.
It was already in beginning of autumn during the Mid-Autumn Festival, so the weather should turn cold. But sometimes it is still very hot in autumn and summer. Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote in "Getting Up Early on Mid-Autumn Day" that the heat in the Mid-Autumn Period was unbearable:
Wanting to ask Wan Song through the coolness,
Wan Song complained that there was no wind from the heat.
It's already like this in autumn and summer in the morning,
It's even more sunny than in the middle of the day.
On the morning of Mid-Autumn Day, the poet felt that the weather was slightly cold, so he went to the forest to see if it was cool, but the pine tree itself said that if the wind didn't come, we would be too hot. It's still so hot in the morning and autumn heat, not to mention noon and afternoon.
The poet used anthropomorphic techniques to complain about the heat by borrowing pine trees, highlighting the extreme heat in autumn and summer.
The weather on the Mid-Autumn Festival is hot, which is more vividly described in another poem by Yang Wanli, Mid-Autumn Day:
It's still like cooking after a rainy day, and
The pavilion is green and overcast in the afternoon.
When bees cross the path of no flowers and no food,
When ants walk with water, they will return to their teachers.
Today is the Mid-Autumn Festival,
When the weather is too early.
It's still hot to catch up with the cool in the small nursery.
Burn incense and sit and read Tang poetry.
after a rain, the sun is still hot, just like cooking rice. Fortunately, at noon, the shade moves slowly, giving people a shade. After the storm, flowers and trees were destroyed, cutting off the food of bees; The current came and blocked the ants' way home. The poet sighed: In the morning, he said that today is the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the weather should turn cold. I didn't expect it to be too hot in the first half of the day. It's still hot to enjoy the cool in the small garden, so it's better to burn incense at home and sit and read Tang poetry.
The summer heat in the Mid-Yuan Dynasty made the poet miserable, so he had to express his feelings through poetry.
Wang Shipeng, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote Rain on the Yuan Dynasty, which is full of joy in the rain:
Autumn sun is full of fire, and the rain washes the Yuan Dynasty.
I congratulate Miao Su-yi, but I am also glad to relieve my troubles in the summer.
virtue knows that heaven and earth are big, and it makes contributions to ghosts and gods.
I would like to be an old farmer's garden and plow my hometown.
Wang Shipeng (1112-1171) was named turtle age, named Meixi. A famous politician and poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. At the age of 34, he entered the Imperial College. Due to political corruption in the Southern Song Dynasty at that time, treacherous court official Qin Gui was autocratic, and the examination hall was dark, so he tried again and again. Until he was 46 years old, after Qin Gui's death, he won the top prize. Later, because he advocated the war of resistance, and recommended patriotic veterans Zhang Jun and Liu Kun, he was rejected by the peace faction and left Beijing for home. After Xiaozong acceded to the throne, he moved to the country's son's business, lived in Sheren, and served as an advisor. He tried to negotiate peace, and dismissed Shi Hao, the representative of the Lord and the prime minister of the dynasty, on the basis of eight major charges, such as treachery and wrong country. Poetry is full of talent, and all the scenery in front of us is often made into poems, most of which are works that love and care for the people and contain education. He is the author of Collected Works of Wang Meixi.
It's a good rainy season, and a heavy rain on the Mid-Autumn Festival cools the fiery autumn sun, brings withered seedlings back to life, and makes stuffy people feel refreshed. Of course, this is due to the virtue of good life in heaven and earth. First of all, we should thank God, then the earth, and finally all the ghosts and gods. Finally, the poet said: I still want to be an old farmer, farming fields in my hometown and supporting my life.
Song Boren, a poet in the Song Dynasty, lamented that there was no sincerity in offering sacrifices to ancestors:
Xinxin came to recognize the ancestors' names,
Van Gogh pestle Ding Dong Yue Er Geng.
paper money smells cold all over the floor, and
there is no real crying.
Song Boren, whose name is Xue Yan, is good at drawing plum blossoms, composing the plum blossom XiShen score, and then using poetry. He claimed that every time the flowers came out, he wandered between the bamboo hedges and huts, full of frost, and his shoulders were cold, and he tried to play with the low elevation of plum blossoms, and he rolled them up and down, from the beginning to the end, and there were hundreds of figures, each with its own shape. Gong Shi's poems include Singing Grass on Snowy Rocks, Reading Min Qiu Ji, Notes on Yan Yan Tian Zhai, and Preface of Plum Blossom XiShen.
On the Mid-Autumn Festival, people rushed to the temple to recognize their ancestors' names, and it was the second watch when monks beat wooden fish. The paper money on the ground has not been burned yet, and the incense sticks are cold. None of those who cry really cry.
The poet laments that people worship their ancestors only in form, without sincerity.
Zhongyuan written by Chou Yuan, a poet of the Yuan Dynasty, reflects the custom of Zhongyuan Festival:
In early autumn, it is night-gazing, and Pingchu is inclined.
summer heat can faint the moon, and the sound of anvil is not separated from the clouds.
the lanterns float white water, and the old woman recites the inscription.
The Mid-Autumn Festival is rambling, but Confucian books have never heard of it.
Chou Yuan was a poet in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty. He is elegant by nature, likes to travel around famous mountains and rivers, and often sends his feelings in poems. At the end of the Song Dynasty, it was named as a poem, and it was called "Qiu Bai" with Bai Wei, a writer at that time. He was born in troubled times, and from time to time, his poems reveal his sighs about the rise and fall of the country and the changes of personnel. Chou Yuan's ci style is similar to that of Zhou Bangyan in the Northern Song Dynasty and Jiang Kui in the Southern Song Dynasty. There are six volumes of Jin Yuan Ji, all of which were written by officials in Liyang, and the works handed down from generation to generation include Seven-character Poetry Volume.
In early autumn and July, when the sun is shining, the earth is filled with the afterglow of the sunset. Summer heat can dim the moonlight, and the sound of anvil beating clothes comes from outside the clouds. Gorgeous lotus lanterns float on the white water, and the old monk reads the inscription loudly. People are talking about the Mid-Autumn Festival, but unfortunately it is not recorded in Confucian books.
The poem reflects the custom of the Mid-Autumn Festival in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty, and regrets that the Mid-Autumn Festival is not recorded in Confucian books.
Ming Dynasty poet Wang Yanhong lamented that the deceased had gone:
Two months and three mourning days, crying and not doing anything,
The geese were dressed in snow.
red lanterns has crossed thousands of lanterns, and
each bamboo has a pole.
Several old homes are full of dreams,
A new ghost haunts temporarily.
It is not necessary to recognize each other when he is alive,
but it is not difficult to realize that he is not born.
Wang yanhong (1593 ~ 1642) was born in Jintan, a poet in the late Ming dynasty, and was instructed by Guanting county. He is a talented poet, with a good knowledge of ancient times, works in poetry and calligraphy. His two collections of poems, Yi Yu and Yi Yun, contain 1372 poems and 14 words, which are full of romantic, infatuated, regretful, nostalgic and sad words.
the meaning of the poem is: three funerals in two months make people cry, and the snow-white clothes are arranged like geese. Thousands of red lights are floating on the river to light the way home, and the white banyan on the bamboo pole flutters in the wind to lead the way. The dead in several old graves have become shadows in dreams, and a cluster of new ghosts are still lingering around. These dead people may not be able to recognize each other again in the afterlife, but it is not difficult to realize that there is no afterlife.
The poet looked at the master's practice in the Yulanben Dojo, lamenting that the dead had gone, the living were suffering, life and death were separated, and it was hard to see them again.
Zhu Yuefan, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, wrote "The Mid-Yuan Dynasty Day Zhai Zhong Zuo", which set off the sadness with a sad scene:
The pottery pillow covers the plain screen alone, and
The empty Zhai lies alone in the rain.
Wangchuan used to be a temple, and
The internal history was newly invited to write classics.
The window bamboo makes the autumn lonely,
The begging letter of Yulan falls.
I will have to escape from Zen for years,
I don't want to wake up after a long time.
Zhu Yuefan, the word sub-price, the number shot vicious. Calendar officer Jiujiang prefecture magistrate. He is knowledgeable and famous for his articles. There are thirty-three volumes of "Mountain Pavilion Collection", and "Siku Zongmu" is in the world.
It's the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the autumn rain is looming. The poet is lying alone in an empty den with a pottery pillow and a plain screen as a barrier. The poet is going to donate Wangchuan's former residence to a temple, just as the civil historian just invited him to write the scriptures. Looking out of the window, bamboo swaying in the autumn rain makes people feel more lonely; Those who beg for food on the Yulan Festival are wandering souls. I should get rid of the shackles of Zen during the year, but I hope I won't be awake for a long time.
This poem sets off feelings with scenery, giving people a feeling of sadness and coldness, which is in line with the festival custom of the Mid-Autumn Festival.
Bian Gong, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, wrote about his love for the bright moon in the Mid-Yuan Dynasty:
It's better to sit and love the clear light, but don't go downstairs if you are deeper.
Tonight is the Mid-Autumn Festival, not because of the leap month.
Poetry is: It's good to clear the light because you love the bright moon, and don't go downstairs until it's deeper. If it weren't for the leap month, it would be Mid-Autumn Festival tonight. The poem is fresh and smooth, which shows the poet's love for the Mid-Yuan Moon.
In Qing Dynasty, yongzheng emperor wrote "My Feelings about Climbing Lion Ridge in Zhongyuan", which described what I saw and felt when climbing the mountain:
Climbing Lion Ridge in the evening, I could see the clouds and smoke everywhere.
the leaves fall on the thin cliff trees, and the rain resounds over the streams and springs.
people's faces change with the years, and the mountains and rivers are old in autumn.
seasonal festivals should be rewarded, and the sky and the moon are full.
The poet climbed the Lion Ridge at night and looked around at a clean cloud floating halfway up the mountain. The leaves on the cliff look thin, and the sound of the spring is louder after the heavy rain. People's faces change with the years, and the coming of autumn makes the mountains and rivers look old. At this time, festivals should reward nature, and at this time, the sky is full of moons.
This poem is about what I saw and felt when I climbed to the top of the mountain. The scenery is very distinctive, and the feelings are in line with the season. It is a masterpiece of climbing in Zhongyuan.
The Mid-Yuan River Lantern written by Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty shows the splendor of the river lantern:
The mirror is flat and clear, <