1 Hero of the Ci Country - Li Qingzhao
Li Qingzhao, a female poet in the Song Dynasty (at the turn of the Southern and Northern Song Dynasties), known as "Yi'an Jushi", was born in Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong Province. A representative of the Wanyue Ci School, she is known as "the most talented woman of all time".
Li Qingzhao is a rare talented woman in ancient China. She is good at calligraphy and painting, is proficient in epigraphy, and is especially good at poetry. Her lyrics are unique and have been passed down through the ages, and she is known as "a major lineage of lyricists". Her poems are divided into early and late periods: in the early period, she writes mostly about her leisurely life, love life and natural scenery, with beautiful rhythm; in the later period, she mostly expresses her life experience, nostalgic memories of the past, and a sad mood. Her works are equally admirable: she has both the virtuousness of a woman and the fortitude of a man; she has both the cynical sentiments of ordinary people and her lofty patriotism. She not only has outstanding talents and profound knowledge, but also has lofty ideals and heroic ambitions. Her bold writing style and comprehensive narrative style made her unique in the poetry world of the Song Dynasty, and had a great influence on Xin Qiji, Lu You and later generations of poets. Her outstanding artistic achievements won high praise from later generations of literati.
As a rare female writer in the history of ancient Chinese literature, Li Qingzhao’s patriotic thoughts reflected in her works have positive social significance. Li Qingzhao's patriotic thoughts represent one aspect of ancient Chinese women's pursuit of gender equality, concern for national affairs, and love for the motherland, allowing future generations to see another side of the emotional world of ancient Chinese women. Moreover, she also won a place for women among many patriotic writers. Not only that, Li Qingzhao also pioneered the patriotic creation of female writers and left a glorious example of a female patriotism for future generations. In particular, it had a significant impact on the creation of modern women's literature.
Li Qingzhao has works such as "Collected Works of Layman Yi An" and "Ci of Yi An", but they have not been published for a long time. The existing poetry collections were compiled by later generations, including 1 volume of "Shu Yu Ci" and 5 volumes of "Shu Yu Collection". His representative works include "Slow Voice", "One Cut Plum", "Like a Dream", "Drunken Flower Yin", "Wuling Spring", "Summer Quatrains", etc.
2 Famous throughout the ages - Cai Wenji
Cai Wenji, whose given name was Yan, was originally named Zhaoji. In the Jin Dynasty, she avoided Sima Zhao's taboo and changed her name to Wenji. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Chen Liuyu (now Qixian County, Kaifeng, Henan) ), the daughter of Cai Yong, a great writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was a famous talented woman and writer in Chinese history. She was good at astronomy, mathematics, and erudition. She was also good at poetry and poetry, and was good at eloquence and music. Cai Wenji completed four hundred volumes of "Continuation of Hanshu" in her lifetime, filling the missing gaps in "Hanshu". She left behind a soul-stirring and touching "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" and the first autobiographical five-character long narrative in the history of Chinese poetry. "Poetry of Sorrow and Anger". Her father, Cai Yong, was a famous writer and calligrapher at that time. He was also good at astronomy, mathematics, and music. He was Cao Cao's close friend and teacher. Born in such a family, Cai Wenji has been influenced by her since she was a child. She is not only knowledgeable and literary, but also good at poetry and poetry, as well as eloquence and music. Cai Wenji had regarded Ban Zhao as her idol since she was a child, so she had paid attention to classics and read classics and history since she was a child. She was determined to continue to revise Hanshu with her father and leave a name in history. Unfortunately, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the society was in turmoil. She first married to Wei Zhongdao. Later, because she had no children and her husband died, she returned to her mother's house. Due to the invasion of the Huns, Cai Wenji was taken captive to the Southern Huns and married to the powerful Xiongnu King Zuoxian. He overcame the pain of living in a foreign land and a foreign custom and gave birth to two sons. Twelve years later, Cao Cao unified the north. Thinking of the teachings given to him by his mentor Cai Yong, he paid a lot of money to redeem Cai Wenji. Cai Wenji's life was miserable. "Returning to her hometown" and "reuniting mother and son" cannot have both ends.
After Cao Cao redeemed Cai Wenji, he married her to Dong Si. Then Dong Si committed a capital crime, and Cai Yan went to Cao Cao to intercede for Dong Si. At that time, Cao Cao was hosting a banquet for officials and distinguished officials, and said to the guests in the hall: "Cai Yong's daughter is outside. Let everyone see her today." Cai Yan, with his hair disheveled and barefoot, kowtowed to apologize, spoke clearly and clearly, and was filled with emotions and sorrow. They were all moved by it.
But Cao Cao said: "But the document of condemnation has been sent out, what should I do?" Cai Yan said: "You have thousands of good horses in your stable, and countless brave soldiers, but you are stingy with a fast horse to save you." A dying life?" Cao Cao was finally moved by Cai Wenji and pardoned Dong Si. Cai Wenji is very talented. She is one of the few women in history whose talent outweighs her beauty. In a casual conversation, Cao Cao expressed his envy of the original collection of books in Cai Wenji's home. When Cai Wenji told him that all four thousand volumes of books originally stored in her home had been lost after several wars, Cao Cao expressed deep disappointment. When he heard that Cai Wenji had returned Being able to memorize it, Cai Wenji wrote 400 articles silently from memory. The articles were flawless, which shows Cai Wenji's high talent. Cao Cao brought Cai Wenji back and did a good thing for preserving ancient culture. Historically, "Wen Ji returned to the Han Dynasty" has been a good story.
Wenji was also good at calligraphy, and her writing style was included in the Song Dynasty "Chunhua Pavilion Notes". Throughout her life, especially after returning to the Han Dynasty, Cai Wenji inherited her father's legacy and wrote "The Continuation of Hanshu", making outstanding contributions to the ancient culture of the motherland.
3 History of Qianqiu——Ban Zhao Ban Zhao was a concubine with the courtesy name Huiban. Han nationality, from Fufeng Anling (now northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi). A historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the daughter of the historian Ban Biao and the sister of Ban Gu and Ban Chao. She was erudite and talented. She married Cao Shou of the same county and was widowed at an early age. His brother Ban Gu wrote the "Book of Han", and the manuscripts of the Eight Tables and "Tianwen Zhi" were scattered and he died unfinished. Ban Zhao inherited the legacy and independently completed the seventh table "Hundred Officials and Officials Table" and the sixth table "Tianwen Zhi", "Han" The book was completed. The emperor called him into the palace and ordered the queen to teach him. He was named Cao Jia (gū). He is good at poetry and odes, and wrote "Ode to the Eastern Expedition" and "Nv's Commandments". Ban Zhao is China's first female historian.
Ban Zhao has a rich family background and is especially good at literary talent. Her father, Ban Biao, was a great contemporary writer. Ban Zhao himself was often called into the palace to teach the queen and other nobles how to recite scriptures and history, and he was respected as a teacher in the palace. Ban Zhao married Cao Shishu from the same county when he was fourteen years old, so people called Ban Zhao "the Cao family". In terms of personality, Cao Shishu is lively and outgoing, while Ban Zhao is gentle and delicate. The couple can accommodate each other and live a very happy life.
Ban Zhao was an ancient Chinese woman who was erudite, talented, and of excellent moral character. She was a historian, a writer, and a politician. After the publication of the "Book of Han", it received extremely high praise, and scholars rushed to recite it. The most difficult parts of the "Book of Han" are the seventh list "The List of Hundred Officials and Officials" and the sixth list "Astronomical Records". Both of these parts are Ban Zhao completed it independently after the death of her brother Ban Gu, but Ban Zhaodu humbly still named it after her brother Ban Gu. Ban Zhao's knowledge was so profound that Ma Rong, a great scholar at the time, knelt outside the Dongguan Library and listened to Ban Zhao's explanation in order to ask for Ban Zhao's guidance! As the first female historian and writer, Ban Zhao is famous in history and shines on the world.
4 Versatile and elegant - Shangguan Wan'er
Shangguan Wan'er, also known as Shangguan Zhaorong, was a female official, poet and imperial concubine in the Tang Dynasty. A native of Shaanxian County, Shaanzhou (now part of Sanmenxia, ??Henan Province), she was the granddaughter of Shangguanyi. After Shangguanyi was convicted and killed, she was married to her mother Zheng and became a maid in the inner court. At the age of fourteen, Wu Zetian put her in a position of great importance because of her intelligence and good writing. She was in charge of the palace for many years and was known as the "Women Prime Minister". During the reign of Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty, she was granted the title of Zhaorong, became more powerful, and had a prominent position in the political and literary circles. From then on, as an imperial concubine, she was in charge of the government decrees of the inner court and the outer court. He once proposed to expand the library and add more bachelors. During this period, he presided over Fengya and commented on the world's poetry on behalf of the court. At that time, many poets gathered in his sect, and "The Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" collected thirty-two of his poems. In 710, King Linzi (i.e. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty) raised troops to launch the Tang Long coup, and was killed at the same time as Queen Wei. Shangguan Wan'er's life was full of ups and downs, and she was always close to Empress Wu and Zhongzong. His family background is noble, but his life experience is rough. When she was born, her grandfather Shangguan Yi was convicted and killed for discussing the abolition of Empress Wu. Her father Ting Zhi died, and Wan'er was married to Ye Ting with her mother. Shangguan Wan'er was talented and intelligent, and she stood out in the court in her youth. "Jinglong Wenguan Ji" records: (Wan'er) was fourteen years old, intelligent, quick-witted, and extremely talented. The queen of heaven heard about it and tried it, and she completed it with the help of pen, all of which were like Suzhou structures. Shangguan Wan'er was not only talented in writing, but also knowledgeable about official affairs. She gradually gained Wu Zetian's trust and was able to participate in the approval of memorials and the formulation of government decrees, becoming the political core of the Wu Zhou Dynasty.
The term "two dynasties specializes in beauty" is not an exaggeration to describe Shangguan Wan'er's prominent status in the Empress Wu and Zhongzong dynasties. Later he was killed by Li Longji.
At the turn of the seventh and eighth centuries, Shangguan Wan'er, as the promoter and terminator of court poetry in the early Tang Dynasty, could experience the revolution of the times better than ordinary poetry authors, so she could eventually surpass Naizu. The created "Shangguan style", on the basis of "refreshing beauty and beauty", injected vigor and openness into the poems, which promoted the transformation of Tang Dynasty poetry from the court poetry of the early Tang Dynasty to the sound of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, thereby laying the foundation for the development of ancient Chinese poetry. made important contributions. Shangguan Wan'er influenced the literary style of a generation as a female figure, which is rare in the history of ancient Chinese literature. Although Wan'er was a loser, she received a lot of sympathy. The year after her death, she resumed her identity as Shangguan Zhaorong and was posthumously named "Hui Wen". After Li Longji came to the throne, he still considered her literary talents and collected her works, which were compiled into twenty volumes of anthologies. This will ensure that a generation of outstanding talented women will not be lost in the long river of history.