First of all, we must understand: What is "the unparalleled national scholar"? A national scholar refers to a person with moral integrity and outstanding talents in a country; unparalleled refers to a person who is unique and unmatched by anyone of his generation. Taken together, the unparalleled national scholars refer to: a unique figure with moral integrity and outstanding talents in a country. This figure can only be a "scholar" and not a "king".
The term "guoshi" first comes from "Warring States Policy·Zhao Ceyi": Zhibo met his minister as a national scholar, and he repaid him as a former national scholar. It tells the story of Zhibo, a senior official of the Jin State, who treated Yurang, the grandson of Bi Yang, a knight-errant of the Jin State, with the courtesy of a scholar. After Zhibo's death, Yurang went through many hardships and even committed suicide to avenge Zhibo. In the end, Yurang The story of death due to failure in revenge is about repaying the kindness of knowing someone.
The country's scholars are unparalleled. From "Historical Records. Biography of Huaiyin Hou", He (Xiao He) said: All generals can easily get their ears. Those who truly believe will be unparalleled in their country. The king must want to be a long-term king in Hanzhong, and he will believe in nothing; he will definitely want to compete in the world, and he will not believe in anything and plan things. Gu Wang Ce'an decided to ear.
The translation is: Xiao He said: Those officers are easy to get, but talents like Han Xin cannot be found in the world. If the king only wants to be the king of Hanzhong, of course he is not needed; if the king wants to compete for the world, there is no one except Han Xin who can discuss the big plan. It just depends on what the king plans. So who in Chinese history can be called unparalleled national scholars?
1. Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period
1. Guan Zhong Guan Zhong was a native of Yingshang County, Anhui Province. He was the first person to assist Duke Huan of Qi in achieving hegemony in the early Spring and Autumn Period. Guan Zhong was a merchant and a soldier. , rich in social experience, but accomplished nothing until he met Duke Huan of Qi.
Guan Zhong can be described as an all-rounder. He carried out a series of reforms in Qi State, involving all aspects of Qi State. In terms of administrative management, Qi State was divided into 3 townships and 5 genuses, each performing their own duties; in terms of employment, , select talents and appoint them, breaking the system of worldly officials and nobles; politically, it focuses on economy and agriculture, advocating enriching the country and strengthening the army; in diplomacy, advocating respecting the king and repelling barbarians, fighting barbarians, and maintaining the dignity of the Zhou royal family;
In terms of military affairs, 15 groups of scholar towns are specially designated to participate in the military; in terms of economy, it advocates accumulating currency and enriching the country and strengthening the army. In governing the country, legalism is used to govern the country. Guan Zhong not only assisted Duke Huan of Qi to become the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period, but his many reforms in Qi State had a far-reaching impact and had a certain impact on the historical process of thousands of subsequent generations. He is worthy of being an unparalleled scholar in the country.
2. Fan Li
Fan Li is a native of Xichuan County, Henan. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, he assisted the Yue King Gou Jian to become the last overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period. Fan Li's strategy not only assisted Gou Jian in using 20 years to conceal the truth from the outside world The King of Wu, Fu Chai, worked hard and tried his best, and finally used the right opportunity to defeat and destroy the Kingdom of Wu. Fan Li was not only an outstanding strategist, but also the earliest business theorist and originator of business in China, and one of the pioneers of Chu Studies. Three times he dissipated his family wealth, and three times he became extremely wealthy through business. After becoming famous, Fan Li retreated bravely, protected himself wisely, and was not greedy for power. Later generations praised him as: being loyal to the country, being wise to protect one's life, becoming rich through business, and becoming famous all over the world.
Second, Qin and Han Dynasties
1. Han Xin
Needless to say, Han Xin, the unparalleled national scholar is talking about Han Xin, who assisted Liu Bang in determining the Three Qin and Ping Dynasties. Wei, established the Dynasty, defeated Zhao, surrendered Yan, and destroyed Qi. One person wiped out the entire north of the Yellow River and won half of the world for Liu Bang. The princes and generals believed that Han Xin was responsible for them all. The world commented on Han Xin: Unparalleled in the country and high in merit. No two, slightly out of the world.
2. Wei Qing
Wei Qing is a counterattack myth. He was born as a slave, and relied on his own ability and hard work to become the emperor's brother-in-law, a famous general in the Western Han Dynasty, and a general. Wei Qing's surprise attack on Longcheng and the great victory at Heshuo kicked off the decades-long war that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty officially launched against the Xiongnu. With seven victories in seven battles, he regained the Heshuo and Hetao areas, defeated the Xiongnu Chanyu, and established the northern territory of the Han Empire. made significant contributions to its development.
3. Ban Chao was a native of Xianyang, Shaanxi. He was born in a family of historians, well-read and ambitious. Ban Chao made the Western Regions even more legendary like a fairy tale. Ban Chao led 36 riders to conquer 36 countries in the Western Regions. It can be called a miracle. He not only attacked and expelled the Xiongnu, but also managed the Western Regions alone for more than 30 years. With his own efforts, he used the barbarians to control the barbarians, re-established the Western Regions Protectorate, and once again incorporated the Western Regions into the Chinese territory. Ban Chao made great contributions.
4. Zhuge Liang Zhuge Liang was an outstanding Shu Han politician in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He knew the world was divided into three parts before he came out of the mountain. He helped Liu Bei achieve his lifelong ideal. After Liu Bei's death, he shouldered the heavy burden of the Shu Han and continued The Northern Expedition was aimed at unifying the world, and they worked until their death. Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang's monarchs and ministers were exemplary, and Zhuge Liang also became a model of loyal ministers in Chinese history.
Not only that, Zhuge Liang is also an inventor. He invented the wooden ox and the flowing horse, the Kongming lantern, and the Zhuge Liannu. He is also a military strategist, calligrapher, and politician. He has made achievements in many fields. He can be called an all-rounder. Zhuge Liang’s His reputation has lasted for more than two thousand years, and it has endured for a long time. Even today, he is still respected by people. He is truly unparalleled in the country.
Three and Two Song Dynasties
1. Yue Fei
Yue Fei was one of the four generals of the Zhongxing Dynasty in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was a famous general who fought against the Jin Dynasty. He was born in a poor family but loved reading. He was famous for his martial arts. Enlisted in the army, Yue Fei started as a soldier. Because of his bravery and outstanding martial arts, Yue Fei grew up to be a famous general in the fight against the Jin Dynasty. Although he was dismissed by the court for petitioning for the Northern Expedition, Yue Fei joined the army again four times, single-handedly founded the Yue Family Army and fought with the Jin Army. During the desperate fight, Yue Fei's bravery made the Jin army jealous and afraid. However, Yue Fei was killed by Qin Hui and Song Gaozong on "unfounded" charges because of the Northern Expedition and the high-level officials of the imperial court. It was a pity that a famous general was hungry for meat. , laughing and talking about drinking the blood of the Huns.
IV. Ming Dynasty
1.
Zhang Juzheng Zhang Juzheng was the chief minister of the cabinet during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. He became a talent at a young age. He won the imperial examination at the age of 16 and passed the imperial examination at the age of 23. Zhong Jinshi, at the age of 43, he was appointed as the left minister of the Ministry of official affairs and the bachelor of Dongge University. At the age of 48, he became the first minister of the cabinet and assisted the Wanli Emperor Zhu Yijun to create the "Wanli New Deal", which revived the Ming Dynasty for a time.
The era that Zhang Juzheng lived in was in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. Internal conflicts were acute, the court was fighting, refugees were everywhere, foreign enemies were invading, and Japanese pirates were harassing the border. Zhang Juzheng took a series of measures to consolidate national defense and rectify the situation. Official administration, improved finances, and appointment of virtuous people made the Ming Dynasty revived for a time. Only 62 years after Zhang Juzheng's death, the Ming Dynasty perished.
5. Qing Dynasty
1. Zuo Zongtang
Zuo Zongtang was a native of Xiangyin, Hunan. He was one of the four famous ministers of Zhongxing in the late Qing Dynasty and a famous leader of the Hunan Army. General, one of the representatives of the Westernization Movement. Zuo Zongtang was very talented, but failed to achieve anything in the imperial examination. He participated in political affairs by entering the shogunate. He was recommended as an official by Luo Bingzhang, governor of Hunan. Later, Zeng Guofan recommended Zuo Zongtang as governor of Zhejiang, and later became governor of Shaanxi and Gansu. He built China's first new shipyard, actively suppressed the Taiping Rebellion, and put down the Nian Army and Hui uprisings.