On one occasion, a translation of Zhou Zuoren was handed over to the Commercial Press for publication. When Lu Xun went, the editor was collating. Lu Xun said: "Does the editor of Meng Qi's translation still need proofreading?" Zhou Zuoren, who works in the Commercial Press, said, "I still want to read it!" Lu Xun was silent.
1933, Lu Xun once again sent a signal of peace to his younger brother. He wrote in the poem "Sanyi Tower": "Do your best to rob your brothers, and smile when you meet."
Lu Xun was well aware of Zhou Zuoren's "Japanese complex". Before he died, he specially asked Zhou Renjian to tell Zhou Zuoren: "Don't shrink back too much when encountering such a major problem."
Lu Xun's kindness again and again did not get Zhou Zuoren's response. Until his death, the two brothers failed to reconcile.
After breaking off diplomatic relations with Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren still calmly attended classes and wrote compositions. But his own garden wrote July 25th 1923? The old preface repeats the words written to Lu Xun in July of 18: "The rosy dreams in the past are illusory."
1June, 924, Zhou Zuoren wrote Broken Foot Bone. According to Chuan Dao, this article is aimed at Lu Xun. In this article, Zhou suggested that Lu Xun was a "rogue".
Shu Wu said in the article "Zhou Zuoren's attack on Lu Xun by innuendo": "In his published works, Zhou Zuoren's personal attacks on Lu Xun are always everywhere, explosive and often very vicious."
Zhou Zuoren also criticized the combination of Lu Xun and Xu Guangping. He said that Lu Xun was lewd and married. In his later years, there was a sentence in his diary that "all brothers have multiple wives".
Although they were estranged, the two brothers didn't break off contact. They all write articles in threads and they have some like-minded friends. Zhou He acted as a bridge of communication more than once. They are also consistent with the outside world. In the agitation of expelling the president Yang Yinyu from the Women's Normal University, Zhou Zuoren signed the Declaration on the agitation of Women's Normal University drafted by Lu Xun. In the struggle between Lu Xun and Chen Yuan, Zhou Zuoren stood on the side of the eldest brother without hesitation.
Jing recalled that after falling out, they often met in the staff lounge of Peking University, and they had an argument as soon as they contacted each other. But once someone attacked Zhou Zuoren, Lu Xun used his pen name to defend his brother. In the debate between Cheng and Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren also supported Lu Xun in his article. "Three? /kloc-after the 0/8 massacre, Lu Xun was listed on the wanted list of Beiyang government. When Zhou Zuoren learned about it, he immediately sent someone to inform Lu Xun.
After Zhou Zuoren's 50th birthday poem was published, friends sang in unison, causing a storm. Lu Xun can understand the second brother. In his letter to Yang Jiyun, he said: "In fact, there are still some complaints about the status quo in Zhou Zuoren's poems, but they are too obscure and have always been disliked by ordinary readers ..."
193610 On the morning of June19, Lu Xun passed away. The next day, Zhou Zuoren happened to have a prose class in the Six Dynasties. He didn't ask for leave, and walked slowly into the classroom with a family instruction of Yan's under his arm. For an hour, Zhou Zuoren kept talking about Yan Zhitui's brothers and said nothing about other things. A few minutes before the end of the first class, Zhou waved his sleeves and dusted the chalk dust, saying, "I'm sorry, I won't talk about it next class." I want the old lady Lu Xun. " At this time, everyone found that Zhou's face was very ugly. Liu Cunren recalled: "He didn't cry or shed tears, but his eyes were a little red and his face was black and white, as if he had melted a piece of hard lead. This is Zhong Zhen's every minute, and there is no one in the class who is not looking at his face and listening quietly. At this time, it is easy to remind you of the story of Ruan Ji's loss of his mother during the Wei and Jin Dynasties. "
After liberation, Zhou Zuoren wrote Lu Xun's Hometown and Characters in Lu Xun's Novels. When you talk about Lu Xun, you will also call him "my brother". Chen Erdong recalled that he had seen Lu Xun's Hanshu in Zhou Zuoren's home. Once, when Zhou saw him out, he pointed to the lilac tree in the outer yard and said, "This is my brother's." In the history of modern literature in China, Zhou Zuoren is indeed a mysterious figure. Radical in his early years, advocating "ideological revolution" and "human literature"; After middle age, he gradually became depressed and pursued leisure to amuse himself by writing "plants, insects and fish"; Then he fell into the water and became a traitor. This is a mystery. He used to be with Jackson Yee, Lu Xun's brother, but later he didn't get along with him, turned against him, and never talked to each other. This is another mystery. As a member of the New Culture Movement, Zhou Zuoren is often regarded as "peaceful and diluted" when people evaluate his writing, but behind this "peaceful and diluted" writing, there are many criticisms of reality and history. It's just that he can often control his writing and not be too ostentatious, so some readers are not easy to notice. So it gives people a feeling of gentleness and detachment.
Because of his disobedience, the study of Zhou Zuoren was forbidden for a long time after liberation, so I didn't know much about Zhou Zuoren in his later years. Recently, I read the Book of Tang Zhi Jia edited and annotated by Mr. Huang Kaifa, which made me know more about his later years. In particular, a batch of letters he wrote to Bao in the 1950s and 1960s included in this book not only revealed his predicament in his later years, but also evaluated some modern celebrities. This is of particular interest to me. Zhou Zuoren once said in Diaries and Letters: "Diaries and letters are particularly interesting things in literature, because they show the author's personality more clearly than other articles." This can also reflect some real feelings of Tang Zhi in his later years, which is not easy to read in his articles.
As for Lu Xun, Tang Zhi reread Cao Juren's "The Commentary on Lu Xun" on 1958, and wrote: "The commentary on Lu Xun has been reread now, which is very interesting, different from ordinary monotonous people ... Yun Zhi's opinion is simply useless and very correct. Because respect is not regarded as a' god', it can be like this. " In the same letter, he commented on the statue of Lu Xun in Shanghai: "It is actually a joke to say that it was manipulated after death. It's really the biggest insult to see the tomb statue in Shanghai from the photo. Isn't the man sitting high in the chair wearing a paper crown? "
1962 read Lin Yutang's article sent by Bao and wrote back: "It seems disrespectful to say that Lu Xun has many literati elements and that he must worship young people, but it is true. Gai praised others too much. When you look at other people's shortcomings coldly, you often talk about it. At present, the revered Lu Xun has erected a new statue in front of the tomb in Shanghai-I have only seen it in photos, that is, sitting alone in a chair on a high platform. Although I respect him very much, I am actually satirizing one of his cartoons, that is, he said that the authority of the ideological circle was too high before his death, and I was afraid that I would laugh. "
1925, Beijing Daily Supplement invited celebrities at that time, opened a must-read bibliography for teenagers, and Lu Xun was also invited. But Lu Xun did not approve of the purpose of compulsory reading for teenagers. 1966, Bao said when talking about this matter: "Mr. Lu Xun answered that he must study, which is really his' high-profile'-he doesn't have to study. To put it mildly, he likes to innovate, talk loudly and argue with others on purpose. He also has a bibliography of his friend's son, but it is very short. Hu Shizhi advocated "talk less and talk more about problems", which was discussed in Weekly Review. At that time, the opponents remembered Li Dazhao, but he didn't attend. Later, he said that he opposed Hu Shi and other meritorious people and attached equal importance to Li Dazhao. This is also an additional myth. "
Tang Zhi and Lu Xun received the same private education since childhood. Under the guidance and help of Lu Xun, they went to Nanjing to study abroad, and then went to Japan to study abroad. They can be described as happy, and he took almost the same life path as Lu Xun in his early days. Later, they turned against each other and "participated in business with each other." It should be said that his feelings for Lu Xun are very complicated. It should be good for him to treat Lu Xun as a human being, not as a "god". However, it is necessary to create an image to commemorate Lu Xun. However, Tang Zhi almost laughed at this, which seems a bit excessive! Maybe this is a personal letter, so we can talk about it "presumptuously".
And Xu Guangping's attitude, he is also full of contempt. 196 1 In a letter to Bao, he commented on a book review of Xu Guangping's Memoirs of Lu Xun: "She is a female normal college student, who has been in contact with her younger brother and has never had any opinions. The reason why she is dissatisfied with me is almost because she is angry. Because the wife sympathizes with his ex-wife (Zhu An), she often disrespects the lady. No wonder she thinks so, because of her hometown, but it is a great insult to hear rumors about each other, and no wonder she is angry. Book review is a woman's opinion, and it can be said that it is a person who can see the crux of this. " In another letter to Bao, he said: "I don't know what newspaper I read the article criticizing Xu XX, which is generally fair. In fact, I didn't offend her, just because my wife was outspoken and helped Mrs. Zhu. Some words are disliked by mistresses. It is not surprising that women have long-standing hatred and get the opportunity to vent. " In addition, according to Mr. Shu Wu's article "Zhou Zuoren Attacks Lu Xun by innuendo", Tang Zhi also mocked the combination of Lu Xun and Xu Guangping, and even criticized Lu Xun's concubinage without naming him.
For Zhou, he also seems to have a lot of dissatisfaction, saying, "My wife's daughter-in-law is my brother-in-law, and she was abandoned (because of imperialism). Now her son is in Beijing, and her father refuses to admit it because of her protest ... "The" son "mentioned in the letter refers to Zhou Fenger born to Zhou Yu. According to the book Lu Xun and My Seventy Years, Zhou returned to Beiping on 1936 to celebrate his mother's birthday. In Badaowan, Zhou Fenger suddenly rushed out of the back room with a saber, saying that his mother was wronged and cut off at Zhou, which was taken away by all relatives and friends, so Zhou and Wang Yunru angrily returned to Shanghai. It is also recorded in the book that after liberation, a complaint was written for Yu, and Zhou Fenger sued Zhou for "bigamy". After detailed investigation by the court, the reason for the prosecution was not established, and the court ruled that Zhou Fenger and Zhou were separated from their father-son relationship. Tang Zhi's dissatisfaction with Naidi can be seen from these two events.
After liberation, some performances of Guo Moruo were really despised by many people. He walked frequently in the "South Study" and was ridiculed by some people as "eighteen beats of Hu Jia". When Zhou Zuoren commented on Pu Yi's book My First Half Life, he said by the way: "In fact, Lao Guo is the best in stereotyped kung fu." In another letter to Bao, he said more clearly: "This book (referring to" Bits and Bits of the May 4th Literary Movement ") shows disrespect for Guo Gong, which has gradually become a common public opinion. Listening to middle school teachers, there is a saying among college and middle school students that there are four shameless people in Beijing, and the rest are unknown, but the first one is him and the second one is Lao She, who is talking and laughing through hearsay. He personally has no ill feelings and only sees "creating ten years" (? On the attack on Lu Xun, and then shouting' Great Lu Xun' after Lu Xun's death, it is as hard to admire as praising Stalin for saying' You are iron and you are steel'. Arrogant words are not enough for outsiders. " At this time, Zhou Zuoren was already a political pariah, and the "two talks" and Guo's famous work "Huaizhitang in front of the national disaster" were all in the past. As far as I know, after liberation, they had almost no contact. Think about the Guo family's respect for Lu Xun and their enthusiasm for themselves. Why not complain that the owner of Yuzhai has a compassionate heart! ?
As for Lin Yutang's comments, he may have read Lin's "Remember Brother Zhou". Probably Lin Yutang touched a sore spot in his article. Lin said in the article: first, "I am too cold, so I am willing to be a traitor"; Second, "the articles written are specialized in copying ancient books, and the more they are copied, the colder they get, and they don't express their opinions." ; Third, "(Shen Jianshi) told me that Zhou Zuoren was the education chief of the Japanese imperial government in Peiping. He said that our young people were locked up in the beach building of Peking University by the Japanese, and they were beaten and cried in the middle of the night, which was unbearable, but people played dumb and turned a blind eye. " Tang Zhi has repeatedly stated that he "does not excuse himself as a traitor" (in fact, he does). In his letter to Bao in April 1965, he refuted Lin Yutang's second point: "Yutang is an old friend, but his vision is only superficial. He said that he later copied ancient books and did not express his opinions. This is exactly the same as saying that I am a literary copywriter, and I have no problem with how to copy the law ... "After a few months, Lin Yutang was evaluated by others:" Yutang and Liang Shiqiu are both beautiful materials, and they are also guilty of wit. When you are old, you have the disease of leaning on the old and selling the old, that is, you are exhausted. " A few months later, I learned that Lin had gone to Hong Kong and sarcastically said, "I know nothing about Lin Yutang's coming to Hong Kong and his recent literary activities. I want to write articles to earn money from British and American people. " Look at Tang Zhi's evaluation of Lin Yutang, it seems that there is some anger.
Although Liang Shiqiu is as talented as Lin Yutang, he also affirmed Liang's achievements. He said that Liang Shiqiu had "some merits" before he joined Taiwan Province Province. "Thirteen sisters said that he was smarter than the people in the creation society, so he was knowledgeable." At the same time, he thinks that Xu Zhimo also "has something to recommend". What is this desirable place? Maybe he thinks this is Xu's prose. Tang Zhi once said in the article "Zhimo Memorial": "Zhimo has made great achievements in prose. In my humble opinion, there are several schools of China's prose. The Zhongfu School is fresh and clear, and it is good at reasoning and lecturing, as if watermelon is sweet, and the Pingbo Feiming School is as astringent as olives. Zhi Mo can be with Ms. Bing Xin, as if they were like ducks and pears, flowing and crisp. Although he also affirmed Xu's poems at that time. But in his later years, he said, "I have a book written by Xu Zhimo called Tiger Collection. This man is very famous, which was greatly appreciated by the May 4th literary circle, but I can't see the benefits because I don't know new poetry, so it's useless to stay with me ... "It's just a modest remark to say that he doesn't know new poetry, but he can't see the benefits for Xu's poetry." This is the ingenuity of his writing.
Tang Zhi is good at this spring and autumn brushwork. For example, when talking about Shen Laoyou's calligraphy, he said: "I accidentally got the book" Bitter Rain Zhai Ping forehead "written by Shen ... It was thirty years ago, when Shen Jun had not become a maritime calligrapher, his handwriting seemed more interesting ..." The Tree of God was written in Wang Youjun, and some people commented that his book was "very attractive". Maybe Tang Zhi saw the clue at that time and thought it was worse than thirty years ago. Interestingly, Tang Zhi's old friend Chen Duxiu also criticized Shen Shu. In a letter to Tai Jingnong, he once said: "Yin Mo's handwriting has always been very powerful, and his friends are far behind, but there is nothing outside the words, which is no big difference from 30 years ago." It is also interesting to think that Shen's calligraphy has regressed, while Chen Duxiu thinks that Shen's calligraphy has not improved.
Speaking of Tang Tao, he said, "I saw the Tang Tao family today. He is leading young people to rewrite the history of modern literature. His thoughts seem quite broad and he wants to make the history of literature better. " The history of literature depends on doing! It's ironic. I'm surprised at the beauty of Tang Zhi's writing. When talking about the pen battle with the Zhou brothers in the 1920s, he said, "He is also a very talented person. Because of his friendship, it is a pity that he claimed to be a' gentleman' and participated in the battle of' Women's Normal University'. " When talking about Su, he said that Su's Study of Zhou Zuoren was "the most informative".
The communication between Tang Zhi and Hu Shi was mentioned in Memoirs of Tang Zhi and Old Love Records of Peking University, but there were few records, but some comments were made in his letters in his later years. 1962 in a letter to Bao, he commented: "Dr. Hu is not a person who can be completely obliterated. What he said is the words of many scholars, and it is also a fact ... "1965 added:" Jun Hu really has his loveliness. If he likes to talk about politics (but from the beginning he was advertised not to talk about politics), he naturally has his own place to be scolded. Shi Ben and I are casual acquaintances (ordinary friends). I didn't praise him enthusiastically at first, and then I didn't scold him with the team. Others seem to think that they are right or wrong, so they can go ahead. Now I just think that this is the way to deal with it. " At that time, mainland academic circles "criticized Hu" and still insisted on their own opinions, which was commendable. It can also be seen that his feelings for Hu Shi are not bad.
He has no bad feelings for Jiang Menglin. 1964, when he learned the news of Jiang's death in Taiwan Province province, he wrote back to Bao, saying, "Although Jiang Jun was from Shaoxing, I didn't know much about him and his politics, but my personal impression of him was not bad, because he was still trustworthy, that is, he was not snobbish, that is, he sent a telegram from Yunnan as the principal, asking me to keep the property of Peking University and prove it to me after the victory ...
Speaking of Jiang Menglin's "keeping his word" and "not being snobbish", I think of him scolding Luo Jialun and Fu Sinian. In the letter to Bao from 1964, it was once called "dog leg". According to a passage quoted by Nangong Bo in the postscript of Liang Shiqiu's Remembering the Old, "I once wrote an article entitled" Sir, students are real! " Reprimand Fu Sinian, an academic celebrity, without leaving any room. At that time, there were many senior officials from Chongqing to the occupied areas, and Fu Sinian was one of them. We always thought that people in academia should be different from ordinary officials. Unexpectedly, Fu Sinian, who was ordered to be incorruptible, was also disgusting when he was accepted in Peiping, and even said "pseudo-students"-he said that "pseudo-professors" were actually unforgivable. "From the description of this article, it is not surprising that Luo and Fu are called" dog legs ".
In fact, as early as 1950, Tang Zhi criticized these two masters of the trendy society. He said in the article "Bubble": "Luo Jialun is a real villain, even worse than the hypocrite in Fu Sinian. Luo is an open Kuomintang, and Fu Naibiao has no party affiliation. He appeared as a "social saint" and contributed to Jiang's baldness more effectively. Therefore, Luo only deserves to be called the master, and Fu is really an accomplice. " In addition, the article also describes an "interesting story" of Luo Jialun: "Although Luo was born in the Cultural Revolution, he was a bit humble. Qian has seen his business card in the western language, which says Roosevelt. Every time I meet him, I often call this name and make fun of him. "
Tang Zhi's evaluation of his disciple Shen is also a curse. Shen was one of the "four disciples of Zhoumen" and was later expelled from his old school. Tang Zhi made an "amazing statement" and distributed it to some friends. Not here, Shen was mentioned many times in later articles. 1944 also wrote the story of "Meeting a Wolf", which was included in "Bitter Mouth and Sweet Mouth". In his later years, he also handed over the full text of Memories of Tang Zhi, which shows his deep concern about this matter. Some people say that he was fired because Shen was there when Zhou met the assassin, saying that he was a guest, which caused anger after the week. However, the real reason was stated in the letter to Bao. He said: "There is another person who has already broken up (it is simply' breaking the door'), that is, Shen Qi is nothing. He was born in yenching university. Later, he refused to cooperate with the association because of collusion with the Japanese' Literature Newspaper Congress' and attacked me for being reactionary. He was an out-and-out' Zhongshan Wolf' ... "
After reading Zhou Zuoren's anthology, we know that he is quite dissatisfied with Feng Zikai's translation of Tale of Genji, and it is generally said that Feng Zikai's Japanese level is shallow. It is also recorded in his letter to Bao. He said: "Feng Zikai intends to translate Genji. The so-called old age is admirable, but I am afraid it may not be appropriate ... Feng Jun translated a collection of wood-pecking novels, in which はしゃぐ was mistranslated, and I can't help but have some doubts about him." 1950, Shanghai Ipoh serialized Zhou Zuoren's Children's Miscellaneous Poems, and Feng Zikai illustrated 69 of 72 poems. But he was equally dissatisfied with Feng Zikai's paintings. Later, in a letter to Bao, I said: "The paintings I have always disapproved of look like people who have learned martial arts for a long time and are governed by the United States, but they are superficial and don't understand the funny taste ..." When talking about Chen Shiceng's "seal cutting of calligraphy and painting", he thought that "everyone has kung fu, which is the so-called bookishness, which is not bourgeois".
In addition, Chen Yuan, Chen Yinque, Feng, Pan Jiaxun, Hu Lancheng and others are also mentioned in the letters, and most of them are only recorded without comment. But Tang Zhi called Hu Lancheng "Jun", which surprised me a little.
In his later years, Zhou Zuoren not only lived in poverty, but also had a rather miserable spirit. The warrior who once galloped in the literary world has now become a political pariah and can only make a living by buying translators. Fortunately, he also got help and support from Bao. In this way, he not only solved some problems in his life, but also treated him honestly, and perhaps relieved his depression. However, with the imminent outbreak of the Cultural Revolution, Tang Zhi will also be submerged by this torrent, ending his mysterious life. And I'm afraid what he left to future generations is not only regret and regret.