Lin's Works and Literary Common Sense in The Temple of Snow Mountain

1. Ancient writers' works and literary knowledge

Ancient writers' works and literary common sense 1. What is literary common sense?

Literary common sense broadly refers to various problems covering culture.

Including writers, years, works, geographical and historical allusions and stories in literature, as well as literary habits familiar to ordinary people. The scope of literary common sense 1, writers' works.

Including: the names, characters, numbers, overflow numbers, dynasties, works and collections of ancient writers in China, their position in the history of literature, and the style of collections; Names, places of origin, times, works and collections, masterpieces and representative works of modern and contemporary writers in China, as well as the evaluation of authors and works; Names, nationalities, times, works and collections, masterpieces, representative works, literary genres, authors and works of foreign writers II. Common sense of ancient culture. Such as astronomical calendar, geography, official position, imperial examination etiquette, title and so on.

3. Stylistic knowledge and categories. Including ancient stylistic knowledge and categories as well as modern stylistic knowledge and categories, such as narrative, expository, argumentative, poetry, prose, novels and so on.

4. Knowledge about the job content. Such as characters, plot arrangements, famous sentences and paragraphs described in famous articles; The source of idioms, allusions and famous sentences in ancient writers' works; Famous sentences of poetry and songs; Wait a minute.

Extended data:

Literary common sense about the poet's nickname: 1, violet layman-Li Bai (a great poet in Tang Dynasty); 2. A layman in Xiangshan-Bai Juyi (a great poet in Tang Dynasty); 3. Bear the burden of humiliation-Si Kongtu (a poet in Tang Dynasty); 4. Caotang layman-Ye Wei (poet of Northern Song Dynasty); 5. On June 1st, a layman-Ouyang Xiu (Northern Song Dynasty writer); 6. Dongpo lay man-Su Shi (Northern Song Dynasty writer); 7. Huaihai lay man-Qin Guan (poet of Northern Song Dynasty); 8. The layman in Houshan-Chen Shidao (poetess of Northern Song Dynasty); 9. Xie Chuan laity-Su Guo (Northern Song Dynasty writer); 10, Yi 'an layman-Li Qingzhao (poetess of Southern Song Dynasty); 1 1, a layman in Chashan-Zeng Ji (poet of Southern Song Dynasty); 12, mountain dwelling stone-Zhao ziyong (writer of Qing dynasty).

2. Common sense of ancient literature

1. Cultural knowledge 1. Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty: Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo.

2. Three Kingdoms: Wei, Shu and Wu. 3. Four classic works: A Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin and The Journey to the West.

4. Four folklores: The Legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl, butterfly lovers, Meng Jiangnv and White Snake. 5. The world's four great short story masters: Chekhov, Mo Bosang, Mark Twain and O'Henry.

6. Su Shi's prose represents the highest achievement of prose in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his poetry and Huang Tingjian are called Su Huang. 7. Ma Zhiyuan's masterpiece Tianjingsha Qiu Si is regarded as the originator of Qiu Si.

After ten years' study, Cao Xueqin created Dream of Red Mansions, the greatest realistic work in China's classical novels. After its publication, it was widely circulated, loved by people, and some people studied A Dream of Red Mansions, which has now become an important topic in the study of world literature. 9. Lu Xun is the founder of modern literature in China, and Chen Yi is known as a marshal poet. Cang Kejia is regarded as a clay poet, because most of his poems are about rural areas. In other places, Wen Yiduo is known as the drummer of the times.

10, three friends in the cold: pine, bamboo and plum. 1 1. Four gentlemen in flowers: plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum.

12, four friends of literati: piano, chess, books and paintings. 13, Four Treasures of the Study: pen, ink, paper and inkstone.

14, Sikuquanshu: Scenery, History, Zi and Ji. 15, The Book of Songs has six meanings: style, elegance, ode (classification), fu, comparison and xing (expression).

16, Tang poetry, Song poetry, Yuanqu, Ming and Qing novels. 17, laurel, top, top, champion: first.

18, three cardinal guides and five permanent members: three cardinal guides: the father is the son, the monarch is the minister, and the husband is the wife; The five permanent members: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. 19, the four books and five classics are the main classics of Confucianism: the four books are The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, The Doctrine of the Mean, and The University; The Five Classics refer to poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, the Book of Changes and the Spring and Autumn Period.

20. Huang San: Emperor, Huangdi, Ren Huang or Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong; Five Emperors: Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao and Yu Shun. 2 1. Hardware: gold, silver, copper, iron and tin.

22. Five flavors: sour, sweet, bitter, spicy and salty. 23. Five elements: gold, wood, water, fire and earth.

24. The eight methods of permanent characters mean that permanent characters have eight strokes: point, horizontal, vertical, left, press, fold, hook and lift. 25. In ancient times, there were names such as Yao, Xu and imperial academy. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the highest institution of higher learning was imperial academy.

26. Three religions and nine streams: three religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism; Nine streams: Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Legalism, Famous Masters, Mohism, Military Strategist, Miscellaneous Family and Peasant Family. 27. Ancient imperial examinations (Sui Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasties): ① childbirth examination, also known as childbirth examination, is called childbirth examination. Candidates, regardless of age, are called childbirth. After passing the exam, you can get the qualification of trainee (scholar, xianggong) in order to take the imperial examination.

(2) After the provincial examinations in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the examinations were held in the provincial capitals every three years, and the scholars took part. The person who passed the exam is called Jie, and the first person who passed the exam is called Jie. (3) Examination: The Ming and Qing Dynasties held an examination every three years in Beijing. Juren from all provinces and imperial academy Guo Jian students could take the examination, and 300 students were admitted as Gong Shi, and the first one was named as a member.

(4) the palace examination, is the highest level of the imperial examination system, the emperor in the palace, to try to admit Gong Shi, ask yourself, in order to make a first-class merit. Admission is divided into three classes: first-class and third-class, respectively awarded the titles of Jinshi and Ji, the first place in the champion (Dingyuan), the second place in the second place and the third place, collectively called the third-class tripod; A number of dimethyl, given the title of Jinshi origin; A number of the top three, given the title of Jinshi origin.

Second, the most 1 and the earliest collection of poems in China literature is The Book of Songs; 2. The earliest patriotic poet was Qu Yuan; 3. The earliest pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty; 4. The earliest and most outstanding frontier poets were Gao Shi and Cen Can in the prosperous Tang Dynasty; 5. The most outstanding uninhibited poet in ancient times was Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty; 6. The most outstanding poetess in ancient times was Li Qingzhao of the Southern Song Dynasty; 7. The most famous patriotic poet in ancient times was Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty; 8. The greatest romantic poet in ancient times was Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty; 9. The greatest realistic poet in ancient times was Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty; 10, the patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times was Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty; 1 1. The most famous novel in ancient times was The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty. 12, the most famous historical novel in ancient times is Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms in the early Ming Dynasty; 13. The earliest novel of peasant uprising in ancient times was Shi Naian's Water Margin at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. 14. The greatest realistic novel in ancient times was A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty. 15. The most outstanding satirical novel in ancient times is Wu's Scholars in Qing Dynasty. 16, the most outstanding collection of classical Chinese short stories in ancient times is Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Qing Dynasty; 17, the earliest recorded prose in ancient times was The Analects of Confucius; 18, the earliest recorded history book in ancient times is Zuo Zhuan; 19, the earliest biographical history in ancient times is Historical Records; 20. The most outstanding inscription in ancient times was Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription in the Tang Dynasty; 2 1, the greatest writer in modern times is Lu Xun; 22. The most outstanding novel in modern times is Midnight by Mao Dun; 23. The most influential collection of short stories in modern times is Lu Xun's Scream. 3. Commonly used metonymic words 1, Mulberry: hometown 2, Taoli: student 3, country, Xuanyuan: country 4, Nanguan: prisoner 5, classmate 6, bonfire: war 7, woman 8, bamboo: music 9, man 10. Husband and wife: husband and wife 14, Ding Bai, Buyi: common people 15, listless, blond hair: old man 16, sang Ma: farming 17, supporting and taking care of children 18.

2. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, also known as Liu Han, were advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. 3. Father and son poets: Su Xun (Lao Su), Su Shi (Da Su) and Su Zhe (Xiao Su).

4. Bold poets: Su Shi and Xin Qiji, also known as Su Xin; Graceful lyricist: Li Qingzhao (poetess). 5. Du Li: Li Bai and Du Fu.

Xiao: Li Shangyin and Du Mu. 6. Qu Yuan: the earliest great poet in China. He initiated the new poetic style of Chu Ci and the romantic style of China's poetry.

7. Confucius' name was Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period.

3. Make up the knowledge of ancient writers and works.

Sima Qian

Han/Han/Chinese/human

A famous historian and writer

Chen She family

Narrative style

Tao Yuanming

Eastern Jin Dynasty (3 17-420)

pastoral poet

Peach Blossom Garden and Returning to Garden.

drink

Prose,

poetic sentiment

three

Bo Wang

Early Tang dynasty

One of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty

Farewell to the viceroy and go to Shu to take up his post.

poetic sentiment

four

Wang Wei

the Tang Dynasty

Poets and painters

Climb to the top

poetic sentiment

five

meng haoran

the Tang Dynasty

poet

Message from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang.

poetic sentiment

six

Cui Hao

the Tang Dynasty

poet

Yellow Crane Tower

poetic sentiment

seven

Lipper

the Tang Dynasty

Romantic poet

Wangtianmen mountain

poetic sentiment

eight

Du Fu

Realistic poet

Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night.

poetic sentiment

nine

Cen Can

poet

From Bai Xuege.

poetic sentiment

Liu Yuxi

poet

Inscription in humble room

essay

1 1

Bai Juyi

poet

Charcoal seller

poetic sentiment

Han Yu

Writer and philosopher

"One of the Eight Masters"

Move to Languan and show it to my nephew.

poetic sentiment

liu zongyuan

Famous litterateur, one of the eight masters.

Snake catcher theory

essay

Du Mu

poet

Jiang Nanchun's quatrains

poetic sentiment

Li shangyin

poet

A short message to a friend in the north on a rainy night.

poetic sentiment

Ouyang Xiu

Famous writer,

One of the eight great families

Record of the Old Tippler's Pavalion

essay

fan zhongyan

Politicians and writers

Yueyang Tower

essay

Su Shi

litterateur

"One of the Eight Masters"

When did the moon begin to appear?

word

Li Qingzhao

Famous poet

Like a dream, drunk with flowers

word

wen tianxiang

poet

Crossing the ocean of zero

poetic sentiment

2 1

Lu you

Patriotic poet

1 1 There was a storm on the 4th of the month.

poetic sentiment

Xin Qiji

Patriotic poet

Xijiang moon

word

Ma Zhiyuan

Opera writer, scattered family

Tianjin Sha Qiu Si

bend

Nai'an Shi

novelist

"Luti rules the boxing hometown in Kansai"

novel

Wu Cheng'en

novelist

[Literary Works] Journey to the West

novel

Pu Songling

litterateur

Wolf

novel

novelist

Fan Jinzhong ju

novel

Cao Xueqin

An outstanding novelist

Hulu monk sentenced Hulu case

novel

gong zizhen

ideologist

Poems by Qian Hai

poetic sentiment

The above is more important.

Because your question is too general to give a detailed answer, it will take a long time.

4. What does common sense of literature include?

Broadly speaking, it refers to various issues covering culture. Including writers, years, works, geographical and historical allusions and stories in literature, as well as literary habits familiar to ordinary people.

Du Kang, the wine saint, is Shao Kang. Legend has it that he is the inventor of wine.

Wen Qiu, a native, was a thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period and the founder of Confucianism.

Shi Sheng Sima Qian, with a long word, is the author of Historical Records, the first biographical general history of China.

Du Fu was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. He wrote The Collection of Du Gongbu.

Zhang Zhongjing, a famous physician in the Eastern Han Dynasty, wrote Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, which had a great influence on the development of traditional Chinese medicine.

Guan Yu, a soldier, was a general of Shu at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He was loyal and had high martial arts skills, and was later called "Guan Sheng" and "Guandi".

Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher, was a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Cao Sheng Zhang Xu, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, was good at cursive writing, and he had a deep attainments in cursive writing of old officials.

Wu Daozi was a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty. He is good at figure painting and has the reputation of "being the wind in the Five Dynasties".

Cha Sheng Lu Yu, a native of Tang Dynasty, is famous for his love of tea and has written three tea classics.

5. What is the common sense of literature?

Literary common sense, as its name implies, refers to some common sense about literature.

The range of literary common sense is 1. Writer's works. Including: China ancient writers' names, characters, numbers, overflow numbers, dynasties, works and collections, the position of Zhi Dao in the history of literature, and the style of collections; Names, places of origin, times, works and collections, masterpieces and representative works of modern and contemporary writers in China, as well as the evaluation of authors and works; Names, nationalities, times, works and collections of foreign writers, famous works, representative works, literary schools, and comments on authors and works.

2. Common sense of ancient culture. Such as astronomical calendar, geography, official position, imperial examination etiquette, title and so on.

6. Does literary knowledge include the introduction of the author of the article?

Literary common sense, as its name implies, refers to some common sense about literature.

The range of literary common sense is 1. Writer's works. Including: the names, characters, numbers, overflow numbers, dynasties, works and collections of ancient writers in China, their position in the history of literature, and the style of collections; Names, places of origin, times, works and collections, masterpieces and representative works of modern and contemporary writers in China, as well as the evaluation of authors and works; Names, nationalities, times, works and collections of foreign writers, famous works, representative works, literary schools, and comments on authors and works.

2. Common sense of ancient culture. Such as astronomical calendar, geography, official position, imperial examination etiquette, title and so on.

So it includes the introduction of the author of the article.

7. How to improve the effectiveness of memorizing common sense of ancient literature?

I wish you a brilliant academic career! Part one: Our motherland has a long history.

In the long years, many great and excellent writers and poets have been produced, and they have left many precious heritages. If we want to understand and appreciate ancient literature today, we must contact and deal with these heritages.

Generally speaking, the literary heritage is mainly works written by the ancients, including poetry collections, novel scripts, and some books that record the writer's life stories. However, some cultural relics can also help us to understand these works, such as colorful murals painted on the wall of Wang Mingying Temple in Daojue Township, Zhao Hong County, Shaanxi Province.

There are performances of the Yuan Dynasty, actors loyal to Dou Xiu, and musicians playing flute and drums. According to the research of modern people, it is the fourth discount of the Yuan zaju "Doctor Zan Fan Shu".

From the cross-sectional account of "Dou Xiu is putting on a show here", we can also know that there was a mobile troupe at that time. Studying ancient literature is mainly about studying writers' works.

These writers and works are ancient, not contemporary. The life of contemporary writers is easy to understand, but it was not so easy in ancient times.

There are no records and no materials, which are often encountered. Contemporary works are also easy to find, but ancient times are different, and some of them have been lost and have not been handed down.

Therefore, some of our writers who have no works, such as Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng, said: "Since Qu Yuan is dead, there are followers of Song Yu, Le Tang and Jing Ke in Chu, and they are all famous for their kind words." The works of Le Tang and Jing Ke can't be seen today, and there is a big move. It is still unreliable to say that they were written by Jing Ke.

There was a Yan Zhu in the Western Han Dynasty, whose works were not handed down, and they all became writers without works. Some writers, although some works have been handed down, have suffered great losses.

The works of the four great poets in the Southern Song Dynasty, You Maoyang (Wanli), Fan (Chengda), Lu (You) and You Mao, are rarely handed down from generation to generation, which is extremely disproportionate to the title of "Great Poet". Therefore, reading and learning ancient literature is more difficult than contemporary literature in terms of materials.

Naturally, there are difficulties not only in materials, but also in language and writing. Literary works are the reflection of social life through the author's understanding, or the expression of the author's thoughts and feelings.

The tool used to reflect life and express emotion is language. An era has an era of social life, which is constantly changing.

Although language changes slowly, the differences between ancient and modern times are still remarkable. Han Yu said, "Zhou Yu's soup plate is crooked."

Because the language has changed, it is difficult to read. Many people in Oracle Bone Inscriptions don't know each other because the words have changed.

Not only the pronunciation of glyphs has changed, but also the meaning of words has changed. Shuowen, like the word "annoying", means "hot headache" and is a sick phenomenon. Now when we say "annoyed", we don't mean to get sick.

This difficulty caused by the ancient and modern changes in language and writing is the first problem to be solved in reading and learning ancient literary works. Of course, the manuscripts of ancient works we see today are very few, and they are generally copied. After the Song Dynasty, there were block prints, but there were still people copying them.

Wrong copying is always inevitable. There is a famous article, Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Garden", in which there is a sentence, "Smell it and enjoy it."

Su Shi's manuscript and some later engravings are all "pro-going", and only one Song engraving is "regular going". It is true that it is easier to understand when you are close to the rules, but let's continue: "If you fail, you will find the disease."

Since "going" means going, how can you say "unsuccessful"? Is it not contradictory? It seems that "pro" is a typo and should be "standardized". "going" means going.

There are many such typos in ancient works. In college, a teacher talked about Zhuangzi. He said that there is a phrase "women today" in Zhuangzi, and there is a philosophical history about Zhuangzi's view on women.

In fact, there is a typo in this sentence, which should be "safe return now", and the word "female" does not exist at all. Wrong copying and wrong engraving will harm others and yourself. It seems that the improper handling of typos in ancient works hinders the correct understanding of the ideological content of the works.

Sometimes typos ruin our enjoyment of the artistic beauty of our works. For example, there is a saying in "Nine Songs to the King", and Mr. Wen Yiduo said in "Correction of Songs of the South": "It is appropriate to laugh at the mistake, and laughter is close and wrong."

When you smile, your white teeth will be slightly exposed, which is similar to Shan Gui's meaning of "smile and smile". It describes the beauty of a person's body, which is very vivid.

According to Wang Yi's annotation, "Yi" is interpreted as "decoration", which means that Yi is an appropriate decoration, which is abstract and therefore boring. What attitude should we take towards typos in ancient works? People in the Ming Dynasty carved books and corrected whatever they didn't understand. Many people are dissatisfied with this practice.

Of course, we can't adopt this method. You can't do whatever you want, you can change it if you want.

Even if it is a typo, you should explain the reason when you correct it. In fact, the typo of ancient works, especially literary works, is sometimes very complicated, not only because it is fluent, but also because it is easy to understand and difficult to understand, and there is also an aesthetic problem.

Everyone is familiar with Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting. There is a "maze of Gechuan". Some books are used as hyphens and some books are used as mi characters. Even Chinese characters and rice are easy to understand, but it is difficult to understand only crossword puzzles.

But from the perspective of literary appreciation, it is precisely this word that is not easy to understand, but it makes people feel beautiful. It's really difficult to judge what words are on the author's manuscript.

In fact, Chinese characters include form, sound and meaning. Here, practicing Chinese characters is similar to Fanzi, mysterious, confusing and homophonic. It is not easy to find out what the original is and how it went wrong. But it may be a hyphen.

Wen Feiqing's poem A Long History of Li Xiao: "Spring clothes shine on dust and grass, and night boats smell raindrops and reeds." Even in crossword puzzles, it can be seen that the word Fan Lian is similar in shape and easy to make mistakes.

After making a crossword puzzle by mistake, it was somewhat puzzling, so someone read the homonym and changed it to "meter". Naturally, this is just a speculation, a possibility.

When we read ancient literary works, we may encounter some words that are wrongly copied and engraved. The most important thing is to explain the meaning of the words. The meanings of ancient and modern characters have changed, and classical Chinese is not easy to understand without spoken language.

There was a scholar in the Song Dynasty who regarded "the night dream as ominous, and the book door was prosperous". "It says," Sleeping at night is the chastity of bandits, and Zagreb is great. "

Is to change the meaning of ancient and modern words.

8. Common sense of ancient literature

1. Foundation of Jian 'an Literature: 1. The pioneer of the new situation of Jian 'an literature is Cao Cao, an outstanding politician, strategist and poet.

His representative works of poetry creation include Lu Luxing, Good Li Xing, and A Journey to the Bitter Han, which describe the war and people's sufferings at the end of the Han Dynasty. "Bones are exposed in the wild, and there are no crows in a thousand miles" is a famous sentence of Hao. The short song "The mountain is not too high, the sea is not too deep, the Duke of Zhou vomits and feeds, and the world belongs to his heart" shows his ambition to unify the world and the spirit of being proactive, showing his broad mind; "A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected, a brilliant star and a brilliant person, if unexpected" in Watching the Sea describes the magnificent atmosphere of the sea.

"My heart is full of lofty sentiments" in "A Short Song" shows the author's yearning for talents, and "An old man riding a horse, aiming at a thousand miles, a martyr in his twilight years, courageously marching forward" in "Waiting for Hou" shows Cao Cao's positive and enterprising spirit. 2. Cao Cao is a pioneer in creating a new situation in literature. He pioneered the use of Yuefu old poems to write current affairs.

Besides his five-character poems, there are many excellent four-character poems. He studied Han Yuefu, but he has his own style. 3. The earliest extant complete seven-character poem of literati is Ge Yanxing by Cao Pi; His Dian Lun is the earliest extant literary monograph. He advocated literature and promoted the prosperity of Jian 'an literature.

4. Cao Zhi's life and creation can be divided into two periods, which are bounded by Cao Pi's proclaimed emperor in 220 AD. 5. The representative works of Cao Zhi's poetry creation are "White Horse", which describes the superb martial arts and patriotic spirit of a ranger teenager. Among them, "The patriotism of a teenager cannot be concentrated in the name of a strong man; Give Xu gan "to encourage friends to make contributions;" "Seven Sorrow" pinned her depression and pain on the thinking woman; Noda's trip to an oriole tells the story of a teenager who cut a net and saved an oriole. " "Yin on Mount Tai" describes the poor life beauty of the seaside people, and so on, pinning their feelings of lack of talent on the distress of unmarried beauty in their prime. Zhong Rong called his poems "high-spirited, and the words were taken from Huamao".

6. The important writers in the Jian 'an period were "Three Cao", "Seven Zi" and the poetess Cai Yan. "Three Caos" refers to Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi; The name of "Seven Scholars" can be found in Cao Pi's Classical Essays, which refers to Kong Rong, Chen Lin, RoyceWong, Ruan Yu, Angelababy and Serina Liu, with RoyceWong as the highest achievement.

7. The representative work reflecting social unrest and people's sufferings in the creation of "Seven Poems" is RoyceWong's Seven Wounded Poems, one of which "Going Out Without Seeing, Bones Cover the Plain" shows the sufferings brought to the people by the war. Chen Lin's Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave, Ruan Yu's Driving Out of the North Gate, etc. Liu Zhen's three masterpieces expressing his personal ambitions and experiences are To My Brother.

8. The extant Cai Yan includes Five-character Poems of Sorrow and Anger, Poems of Sorrow and Anger, Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia, etc. The most credible is Cai Yan's grief and indignation poem.

Second, the literary foundation of Zhengshi Western Jin Dynasty 1. Zhengshi literature generally refers to the literature in the late Wei Dynasty, and the representative writers in this period are Ji Kang and Ruan Ji. 2. The representative of Ji Kang's prose is "Breaking Up with the Mountain Residence", and the representative of his poetry is "Giving a Scholar to Join the Army". Ruan Ji's main poetry creation is 82 love poems, and the most famous prose is Biography of Mr. Adult.

3. Ruan Ji's Yong Huai Lu has made great achievements in using Wang Yan's poems to express emotion and irony. One of them, Sleepless at Night, Sit Up and Play the Piano, shows my loneliness and anguish, and opens a way for progressive writers under the rule of darkness to write political lyrics. "Words in the eyes and ears, feelings in the table of eight shortages" in Shi Pin summarizes Ruan Ji's poetic style. Tao Yuanming's Drinking, Yu Xin's Quasi-Yong Huai.

4. Zhang Hua, Zhang Xie, Lu Ji, Pan Ni, Pan Yue and Zuo Si were the directors of "Three Zhang, Two Lu, Two Pan and One Zuo" before and after Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, and they were famous poets in Taikang period. 5. Taikang's literary creation has two bad tendencies: one is to imitate the prosperity of the ancients; The second is to pursue flowery words and double neatness.

Liu Xie said that "taking the initiative and stopping is softer than Jian 'an" refers to Taikang literature. 6. Lu Ji was the most famous writer in the Taikang era, as well as Pan Yue, Zhang Hua and Zhang Xie.

7. Lu Ji's representative works include "Ancient Poems 12", which imitates ancient poems 19, and "Going to Luodao to do things", which describes his traveling life; Pan Yue's masterpiece is three mourning poems. 8. Zuo Si was the most accomplished poet in the Western Jin Dynasty, and his poems directly inherited the reputation of "Zuo Si Feng Zhi".

9. Zuo Si's representative works include eight epic poems, which use allusions and techniques such as comparison. For example, "the world stands tall and he sinks" is the contrast, while "pine and cypress at the bottom of the sword" and "seedlings on the mountain" are metaphors for poor intellectuals and aristocratic children, and are also used to reflect the contradiction between poor intellectuals and aristocratic children. In addition, Zhao Yin, Nv Jiao Poems and Sandu Fu are all his representative works.

10, Liu Kun's masterpiece is "Fufeng Song", he is a poet who loves his country and his hometown. Guo Pu, whose masterpiece is Fourteen Poems by Zhou Xian, is a metaphysical poet. In Preface to Poetry, the criticism of metaphysical poetry is that he "rationalizes his words and indifferent to his taste".

Third, the background of Tao Yuanming: 1, Tao Yuanming, also known as Qian, was born in Chaisang, Xunyang, and was a "respected scholar" in posthumous title. Later people called him Tao Pengze because he worked for Peng. After he resigned from Peng, he lived a farming life of "burying the waste in the morning and returning to the lotus on the moon". 2. Tao Yuanming's poems can be divided into two categories: pastoral poems and poems about the past and the future.

His famous prose poems include Biography of Mr. May 6th, Return and the Afterlife, Poems of Scholars' Feelings, Poems of Misfortune and so on. 3. According to its content, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems can be divided into three aspects: one part shows the tranquility of the countryside and his carefree mood, and the representative works are Returning to the Pastoral Poet (No Custom Rhyme) and Drinking (Building a house is in a humanistic environment); The other part sings enthusiastically about agricultural labor and the friendship established with farmers in labor, such as Returning to the Countryside (planting beans at the foot of Nanshan Mountain) and Early Rice in the West Field in September of Gengxu New Year (a right path in life). There is also a small part that reflects the poverty in rural areas and their own poor life, such as the fourth "Returning to the Pastoral Poetry" (Traveling in Yamazawa), as well as the resentment in the poem and Chu's description of Pang Zhizhong.

Peach Blossom Garden, written in his later years, is a new development of his pastoral poems. 4. Tao Yuanming's poems and songs.

9. Seek literary knowledge of ancient works

1. The Warring States Policy is a national history book and a compilation of lobbyists' strategies and speeches during the Warring States Period. At the beginning, there was a national policy, a state affair, a story, a length, a long book and a revised book. Until now, the author has not been determined.

2. Historical Records is the first biographical general history in the history of China, written by Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty, which records the history of China for more than 3,000 years (from Huangdi to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty).

3. Songs of the South, also known as Songs of the South, is a poetic genre created by Qu Yuan, a great poet in the Warring States Period. Its original meaning refers to Chu's writing, and later it is gradually fixed into two meanings: one is the genre of poetry, and the other is the name of poetry collection (which also represents Chu literature to some extent). As far as the poetic genre is concerned, it is a new poetic style created by poets represented by Qu Yuan on the basis of Chu folk songs at the end of the Warring States Period. As far as the collection name is concerned, it is a collection of poems written by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty on the basis of predecessors, which includes the works of Qu Yuan and Song Yu, Chu people in the Warring States Period, as well as parodies of Jia Yi, Huainan Xiaoshan, Zhuang Ji, Dong Fangshuo, Bao Wang and Liu Xiang in the Han Dynasty.