To tell the truth, there are three places worth visiting in our ancient weir painting town. Arch dam, stone culvert (water overpass) and weir gauge stone tablet (regulations on farmland water conservancy management).
As we all know, the famous ancient water conservancy projects in China are: Sichuan-Dujiangyan (dam-free water diversion project), Ningbo-Tashan weir, Shaanxi-Zheng Guoqu and Guangxi-Lingqu. And we Lishui-Tongji Weir (arch dam overflow project) also occupied a place. Among the national key cultural relics protection units, there are about 9 water conservancy projects, of which shipping is the main one. At present, it is rare to see disrepair, and it can also play an irrigation role. 20 15 On March 22nd, at the working meeting of China National Irrigation and Drainage Committee, Lishui Tongji Weir Irrigation Project was awarded the first batch of World Irrigation Project Heritage List. In the 1980s, shortly after the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, more Japanese people visited the ancient weir. So in my childhood impression, it is very strange that ordinary weirs and dams can attract Japanese people. Being far away from home and getting older, I realized that the dam must have its greatness, just as the Japanese respect Bai Juyi.
Let's start with the location of the dam.
Looking down from the air, you can clearly see the topography and landforms of the dam:
Our Bihu Lake is a basin surrounded by mountains. In Bihu Plain, Yantou Village has the highest terrain, with an altitude of 73 meters. Songyin River flows 500 meters upstream of the main stream of Oujiang River, which can avoid the impact of water flow when the two rivers meet and the resulting rotating water flow. So the ancients chose this place. There is also a folklore that "the white snake shows its traces". My parents have told us these stories since childhood.
Besides, the main body of the dam is arched and curved, and it drains water in two places.
Mechanically speaking: lengthen the dam and reduce the impact force per unit area. If it is a straight dam, it can't stand the impact of the flood season.
Besides, there are actually two outlets, one is a lock and the other is a sand gate. The latter has the functions of removing sand, clearing sand and dredging, and keeps the upstream water quality clear. The former can go directly to Baoding village (this is the village where I was born). The water flowing through the ship lock is mainly irrigated by farmland in Bihu Plain. The water flowing through the sand gate is mainly ships, which can reach Dagangtou. Since it is called a gate, it can be adjusted day and night according to dry water. In addition, there is a "general barrier" at the upstream of the dam 100 meter, which can slow down the impact of water flow and protect the dam to some extent.
Next, look at the construction time of the dam:
Lishui-Tongji weir arch dam? In 505 ad
Spanish-Elci arch dam16th century
Italy-Bondado Arch Dam 16 12?
In contrast, the dam was earlier 1000 years. Therefore, the wisdom of the ancients in China still makes people proud and confident.
Dam said, and then look at the second scene:
Qianxi Han Shi (Shuishang Interchange)
It was built by Wang Ge, then the county magistrate of Lishui, in the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty (Evonne, Song Huizong)11on the basis of extensive investigation and adoption of folk suggestions.
The two piers under the diversion bridge are separated by three holes, which we locals call "three-hole bridge".
The lower layer of the bridge is the canal water in Tongji Weir, the middle layer is the pit water flowing down from the mountain, and the upper layer is for pedestrians.
This is the earliest over-water overpass built in the world. The water bridge in magdeburg was completed in 2003, which was later than ours 1000 years ago. Therefore, I personally like to quote a sentence from Wang Anshi to describe this humble stone letter.
"This seems to be the most extraordinary, but it is easy, but it is difficult to achieve."
Finally, let me talk about this "Tongji Weir Gauge Stone Tablet" (Regulations on the Management of Farmland Water Conservancy)
Fan Chengda, aged 465,438+0, served as the governor of Southern Song Dynasty for three years (165,438+067), and worked for more than two years, and formulated 20 rules for Tongji weir.
This is also the earliest weir gauge. From then on, the village has had this special occupation-weir protection, which has been passed down from generation to generation, and dike protection is not a new occupation in modern times. Thanks to the wisdom of the ancients, our generation has benefited a lot. If you are interested in calligraphy, laws and regulations, and water conservancy, you can stay a little longer and study a thing or two.
Forgot to mention: Wenchang Pavilion and Ancient Zhangqun.
Yantou Village, where Wenchang Pavilion is located, is the settlement of the Ye clan after Ye Fashan, a Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty. Ye's family has worked hard for generations, managing the family with courtesy and keeping a low profile. During the Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang years of the Qing Dynasty, there were five scholars in the Ye family who were allowed to build Wenchang Pavilion to worship Wenchang Emperor. The site is located at the end of the village, locking the "local households" and intercepting the meaning of Feng Shui. In addition, it is located in the only road that the official road must pass, and it is also a shelter for passers-by. (Speaking of Ye Fashan, Baoyu wrote it for Qingwen in a Dream of Red Mansions, and there is Ye Fashan's sentence in Daughter of Furong. )
The big camphor tree was planted in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty for hundreds of years. Because of its long history, we are also called Millennium Cinnamomum camphora.
A few years ago, I wrote a couplet, and Teacher Wu Yaqing revised it:
"The ancient camphor dike has been protected for thousands of years, and the dam flows for four hours."
We also have a local custom. If the "five elements are short of wood", most people will recognize Gu Zhang as an adoptive mother to ensure the safety and smoothness of their children's lives.
Speaking of returning to the ancient weir painting town.
Ancient weir painting country, ancient weir painting country, ancient weir and painting country. The hometown of painting is at the top of the big port. Oujiang River is the second largest river in Zhejiang Province. Of the 800-mile Oujiang River, only one has the word Hong Kong. This also illustrates the position of Dagang tou as a "golden waterway" from the side.
Zhu, a poet in Qing Dynasty, dedicated a poem to this place, which also shows that it was a pearl at that time.
"The river is like a blue belt, and the water is like a jade hairpin", "The river is naturally flat here, and the scenery is gathered here" and "East China Lijiang River" are all praises for this river. Dagangtou is the starting point of the middle reaches of Oujiang River. The upstream is rich in Longquan sword, Qingyuan mushrooms, Songyang tea and porcelain, which are transshipped here, then transported downstream and sold all over the world. A former colleague, majoring in Chinese language and literature, is a northerner, and his undergraduate thesis is about Oujiang River. Write about the influence of Oujiang shipping and porcelain. Girls in their twenties make me feel ashamed in my forties, and my face has been red until now.
A few years ago, my old classmates and I came to work, and I improvised:
The river is wide and sails far, and the two streams cross the river in ancient times.
Clouds and mountains are far away, and guests are drunk in the golden autumn.
After all, I am from Lishui.
Guyanhua Town is the place where I was born.
No matter how far I go, it will always be the place where I dream of waking up.
Every grass and tree here, every mountain and water here,
For me, it's all called hometown.
May you also miss your hometown!