Tang Bohu
Tang Yin's ancestral home is Jinchang, which is the Jincheng area of ??Shanxi Province after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Therefore, in his calligraphy and painting signatures, the four characters "Jinchang Tang Yin" are often written. .In the Northern Song Dynasty, the Tang family moved south and began to do business in Nanjing and Suzhou. Tang Yin was born into a merchant family in Wu Qili, Wu County, Suzhou Prefecture. His father is Tang Guangde and his mother is Qiu. Tang Bohu was talented and intelligent since he was a child. He was familiar with the Four Books and the Five Classics, and was well-read in historical books. At the age of 16, he won the first place in the scholar examination, which caused a sensation in the whole city of Suzhou. At the age of 19, she married Xu, who was Xu Tingrui's second daughter. When he was more than 20 years old, his family suffered a series of misfortunes. His parents died one after another. His wife died of illness when he was 24 years old, and his sisters also passed away one after another. His family was in decline. Under the advice of his friend Zhu Zhishan, he concentrated on studying. During this period, he may have married another wife. At the age of 29, he joined the army. In the Tianfu public examination, he won the first place "Jie Yuan". At the age of 30, he went to Beijing to take the examination. However, he was implicated in a fraud case in the examination room and was dismissed as an official, and his wife left because of it. After that, he decided not to make progress and made a living by selling paintings. In the ninth year of Zhengde (1514), he went to Nanchang for more than half a year at the invitation of King Ning Zhu Chenhao. Later, he realized that King Ning had evil intentions, so he pretended to be crazy and escaped and returned. Later, she married Shen, also known as Jiuniang. She lived in poverty in her later years and died of illness at the age of 54.
Tang Bohu Pictures
He is good at landscapes, figures, flowers and birds. He studied landscape painting with Zhou Chen in his early years, and later learned from Li Tang and Liu Songnian. It is majestic and steep, with fine brushwork, sparse layout, and graceful and elegant style. Most of the figure paintings are of ladies and historical stories, which are inherited from the tradition of the Tang Dynasty. They have clear and thin lines, bright and elegant colors, graceful postures and accurate shapes. They are also freehand figures with simple and comprehensive brushwork, which is full of interest. His flower and bird paintings are good at freehand ink painting, free and easy, and elegant in style. In addition to painting, Tang Yin also practiced calligraphy, adopting the method of Zhao Mengfu, and his calligraphy style is unique and handsome. There are "Riding a Donkey Thinking of Returning", "Mountain Road Sound of Pines", "Shi Ming", "Wang Shu Palace Prostitutes", "Li Duanduan's Settlement", "Autumn Wind Fan", "Withered Cha and Birds". Wait for the paintings to be handed down to the world.
Tang Yin was also accomplished in literature. His poems are mostly travel records, paintings, and sentimental works. They express his wild and lonely mood, as well as his feelings about the harshness of the world. He uses slang and colloquialisms in his poems, which are easy to understand and the language is simple and meaningful. He is the author of "The Collection of Liuru layman", and the Qing Dynasty compiled "The Complete Works of Liuru layman".
Zhu Zhishan
Zhu Zhishan (1460-1526), ??whose courtesy name was Xizhe, was born with six fingers on his left hand, so he came from Haozhishan, also known as Haozhizhi, and was also known as "Zhuzhishan" in the world. ”, “Blessings for Jingzhao”. A native of Changzhou (now Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province). Zhu Yunming has shown various artistic talents since childhood. "At the age of five, I can write big characters with a ruler", and at the age of nine, I can write poems. In the fifth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1492), he passed the imperial examination and was appointed magistrate of Xingning County, Huizhou Prefecture, Guangdong. In the first year of Jiajing (1522), he went to Yingtian Prefecture (today's Nanjing) as a judge. In the second year of Jiajing (1523), he returned home due to illness. He died in the fifth year of Jiajing (1526) at the age of sixty-seven.
Zhu Zhishan
He has a family background, specializes in calligraphy, and is also good at poetry. His calligraphy is all written in Li, Kai, Xing and Cao scripts, and his cursive script is the most special. His wild cursive script is highly praised by the world, and there is a saying that "Tang Bohu's paintings are Zhu Zhishan's calligraphy"; his poems are rich in materials. The language is quite beautiful; his writing is full of strangeness and free and easy.
His ink writings handed down from generation to generation such as "Chu Shi Biao" in regular script, "Self-written Poems" in cursive script, "Luohua Poetry Scroll", "Luo Shen Fu Scroll", and "Before and After Chibi Fu Scroll" are all his representative works. He is the author of "Collection of Huaixingtang" (thirty volumes), "Small Compilation of Su Cai", "Records of Zhu Zi's Crime", "Reading Notes", "Previous Wen Ji", etc., and he is the author of "Xingning County Chronicle". Zhu Zhishan's "Poetry and Fu Volume in Six-Style Script", "Du Fu's Poetry Volume in Cursive Script", "Nineteen Ancient Poems", "Poetry Volume of Tang Dynasty in Cursive Script" and "Poetry and Han Volume in Cursive Script" are also masterpieces handed down from generation to generation.
Wen Zhengming
Wen Zhengming (1470-1559), formerly known as Bi, had the courtesy name Zhengming. At the age of forty-two, he began to use the character Xing and changed the character Zhengzhong. Because he was born in Hengshan, he was named Hengshan Jushi, also known as "Wenhengshan" in the world. He once served as an official in the Imperial Academy and was a native of Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). He was born in the sixth year of Chenghua reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty and died in the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing reign of Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty at the age of ninety. He is good at poetry, calligraphy and painting. His poets are Bai Juyi and Su Shi, his literary studies are from Wu Kuan, his calligraphy studies are from Li Yingzhen, and his painting studies are from Shen Zhou. [1]
Wen Zhengming
His family was Wu Bian, and his grandfather was Wen Xian. His father Wen Lin was the magistrate of Yongjia County in Wenzhou. He studied classics and poetry since childhood and loved calligraphy and painting. Wu Kuan was a writer, Li Yingzhen was a calligrapher, and Shen Zhou was a painter.
He was famous for his talents when he was young, but his road to the imperial examination was very bumpy. From the age of 26 in Hongzhi Yimao (1495) to the age of 53 in Jiajing Renwu (1522), he failed in ten examinations. He was not accepted as Minister of the Ministry of Industry until he was 54 years old. Recommended by Li Chongsi, he came to Beijing as a tribute student. After examination by the Ministry of Civil Affairs, he was appointed to the Hanlin Academy with a low salary and was waiting for an imperial edict. At this time, his calligraphy and painting had become famous, and there were many requests for his calligraphy and painting. As a result, he was jealous and excluded by his colleagues in the Hanlin Academy, and he felt unhappy. In the past four years, he witnessed official corruption and begged to return home again and again. At the age of 57, he resigned and left Beijing, sailed south, settled in Suzhou, and devoted himself to poetry, calligraphy and painting. He no longer seeks official advancement, but entertains himself by playing with ink and teasing. In his later years, he had an outstanding reputation and was known as "whose writing style is popular all over the world". People who bought his calligraphy and paintings broke through the door and said that he was "admired by the sea and the mountains." When he was nearly ninety years old, he still worked tirelessly to write epitaphs for people. Before he could finish writing, he "put down his pen and sat down and passed away." He is proficient in various painting techniques and is good at all kinds of fine and thick techniques. His eyesight and pen control ability are excellent. When he was over 80 years old, he could still write in regular script very fluently all day long.
Wen Zhengming's calligraphy and painting attainments are extremely comprehensive. His poetry, essays and paintings are all excellent, and he is known as an all-rounder of the "Four Wonders". [1]
In terms of painting, he specializes in many subjects, including green, ink, fine brushwork, and freehand brushwork. He is good at landscapes, orchids, bamboos, figures, and flowers, and is particularly good at landscapes. Wen Zhengming studied under Shen Zhou in his early years, and later devoted himself to the three schools of Zhao Mengfu, Wang Meng and Wu Zhen, becoming his own style. The painting style has two aspects: thick and thin. The thick brushwork comes from Shen Zhou and Wuzhen, and is based on Zhao Mengfu's ancient wood, bamboo and stone techniques. The brushwork is vigorous and dripping, with dry brush scratches and white calligraphy, and the layers and charm can be seen in the rough slips. There is little space and depth, the shape is regular, and sometimes there are edges and deformations. The brushwork is precise and slightly jerky, showing naivety in the sophistication. The colors are mostly green and heavy, with light crimson in between, showing elegance in the freshness. This line of fine-brush landscape painting is an authentic painting with decorative, lyrical, childlike, and family-friendly characteristics. It also established the basic characteristics of the "Wu School".
His first calligraphy teacher was Li Yingzhen, and later he extensively studied the famous calligraphy of previous generations. He had attainments in seal script, official script, regular script, running script, and cursive script. He is especially good at running script and small regular script. He is gentle and vigorous, rigorous in law and vivid in mood. Although it is not powerful and powerful, it has the style of Jin and Tang calligraphy and has its own certain style. The small regular script strokes are gentle and the rhythm is gentle, which is in harmony with his painting style. He is known as "the best in the Ming Dynasty".
Wen Zhengming’s calligraphy and painting were the best in the Ming Dynasty. The family's collection of books, calligraphy and paintings is extremely rich, and there are many genuine and fake ones. Among the ancient books in the collection, there are many rare books. The Song Dynasty engravings include "Book of Changes", "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", "Hong's Collection of Prescriptions", "Chongxu Zhide Zhen Jing", "Du Gongbu Thatched Cottage Poems", "Bai" There are more than 10 kinds of works, including "Collected Works of Shi", nearly a thousand volumes. There are many names in its library. From the seals of its collection, we now know that there are "Yulan Hall", "Xinyi Hall", "Cui Bamboo House", "Plum Blossom Book House", "Meixi Jingshe", "Yupan Mountain House", "Yantiao" Hall", "Enlightenment Room", "Qingbai Hall", "Return Hall", etc. The seals of the book collection include "Zhuwu", "Wuyanshi", "Jiangzuo", "Tingyun", etc. After his death, his sons Wenpeng and Wenjia were able to preserve his books, calligraphy and paintings. And increased purchases.
Xu Zhenqing
Xu Zhenqing (1479-1511), also known as Changgu and Changguo, was a native of Meili Town, Changshu, and later moved to Wu County (now Suzhou). He was a writer in the Ming Dynasty and was known as He is the "Wuzhong Poetry Champion" and one of the Four Talents in Wuzhong (also known as the Four Great Talents in Jiangnan). He is famous for his quatrain "The articles on Jiangzuo's family are full of jade, and the moonlight is on the trees and flowers in Yangzhou". [2]
Xu Zhenqing
Xu Zhenqing was intelligent by nature and was good at arts and science at a young age. He was known as "if a family doesn't have a single book, they know everything." In his early years, he studied literature from Wu Kuan and calligraphy from Li Yingzhen. In terms of literary schools, he became the "First Seven" together with Li Mengyang, He Jingming, Kang Hai, Wang Jiusi, Bian Gong and Wang Tingxiang. He emphasized the study of Qin and Han Dynasties in articles, praised the Han and Wei Dynasties in ancient poems, and the prosperity of modern style patriarchy in the Tang Dynasty. Wang Shizhen's "Yi Yuan Yan" There is a quatrain quoted from "The article is about the jade of the family in Jiangzuo, and the trees and flowers in Yangzhou are full of flowers in the misty moon". Calligraphy is also a masterpiece. Wang Shizhen said: "The two masters of Xiaokai who are waiting for the imperial edict are extremely fine. The young cursive master Huai Su imitates Su (Shi), Huang (Tingjian), Mi (Fu) and "Ji Wang Shu Sheng Jiao". "Preface" In his later years, he took the "Preface to the Book of the Holy Spirit" and added it to his old age, so he became his own family." Art Record".
Xu Zhenqing wrote "Xin Qian Ji" when he was 16 years old.
However, he failed in many attempts in his early years. After reading "Li Sao", he wrote "Collection of Tantans" after reading "Li Sao"; in the 14th year of Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty (1501), he wrote "Jiang Xingji"; in the 16th year of Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty (1503), he collaborated with Wen Zhengming. Compiled "Taihu New Records"; in the 18th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1505), he heard about the Tatar invasion and the officers and soldiers were defeated in the war of resistance. He also wrote a long poem "A Journey to Yutai". In the same year, he was promoted to Jinshi. Due to his ugly appearance, he was not allowed to enter the Hanlin Academy, so he was awarded the title of Deputy of Zuosi Temple in Dali. In the fifth year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1510), he was demoted to doctor of the Imperial College. [2]