Tianshui City is the second largest city in Gansu Province, located in the southeast of Gansu. It has been a must-pass for the Silk Road since ancient times. The city spans two major river basins, the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and the New Eurasian Continental Bridge traverses the entire territory. It currently governs five counties, Wushan, Gangu, Qin'an, Qingshui, and Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous Counties, and two districts, Qinzhou and Maiji, with a total population of 3.28 million. The territory has four distinct seasons, a pleasant climate, and rich products. It is known as the "Little Jiangnan" in the northwest. "Tianshui" is the longest-used place name in local history. It first started in the third year of Yuanding, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (114 BC). Tianshui The name comes from the beautiful legend of "the Tianhe River is filled with water". More than 3,000 years ago, the Tianshui area was densely populated, with adjacent houses and "beautiful mountains and rivers, and dense forests." However, at the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, long-term wars and Fighting and years of drought have turned the once prosperous and prosperous upper city into ruins, and the people are in dire straits. Legend has it that one night, when people were falling asleep, suddenly the sky was filled with strong winds, thunder and lightning, and a golden light shone on the ground. A red light appeared. Suddenly, the earth shook continuously, and with a loud rumbling sound, a large crack opened in the ground. Only the river water from the sky poured down into the crack, forming a lake, Tianshui Lake." . The water level of this lake is stable, the water quality is pure, sweet and mellow, "it never dries up in spring, never overflows in summer, and the four seasons are graceful". At that time, people said that the lake was connected to the Tianhe River, and they also called it "Tianshui Well". Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty heard this legend, and he ordered the new county to be built next to the lake in Shanggui North City and named it "Tianshui County". Since then, it has been named "Tianshui".
History and culture are in Tianshui, Mapao Spring is full of emerald green and flowing jade, sweet spring is more fragrant than breast milk, hot springs are like soup all year round, which can cure diseases and keep fit, Bodhisattva Spring with hanging bead curtains, and Bagua are refreshing in the cold. Spring, Shenyu Spring where fish follow the spring, etc., are widely distributed and well-known. The water in these springs is sweet and lasts all year round. Drinking it for a long time can make people's skin white. The residents of Tianshui have fair and tender skin, so they are known as "Tianshui white babies".
Tianshui was established as a county in the Han Dynasty, and has been a military, county, and town successively. The area under its jurisdiction and its governance have changed many times. In 1913, Qinzhou (today's Shui) was abolished and Tianshui County was established, under the jurisdiction of Weichuan Road. In 1927, the National Army stationed in Longnan, abandoned the road, and changed it into the Tianshui Administrative Inspectorate. On August 3, 1949, Tianshui was liberated and Tianshui District was established. In 1950, Tianshui District was established.
Tianshui is also called Qinzhou. The name Qinzhou first began in the first year of Emperor Wen of Wei (220).
The origin of Qin comes from planting crops (i.e. Mao Gu). Long before the Western Zhou Dynasty, today's Tianshui River Valley Basin has fertile land, open terrain, green peaks, prosperous water, and luxuriant water and grass. It is a good place for herding horses and raising livestock. Boyi, the ancestor of the Qin people who lived here, was granted a land grant and the surname Ying by Shun because he raised horses for Shun and multiplied quickly. By the time of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Feizi, after Boyi, was praised by King Xiao for his contribution to raising horses for King Xiao of Zhou. King Xiao not only allowed him to inherit the "Ying" surname from Boyi during the Shun Dynasty, but also "confessed the land as a vassal, and the city of Qin (today's Qingshui and Zhangchuan areas)" was called "Qindi". This is the beginning of the Qin State in our country's history.
Tianshui is the birthplace of "Qin". Since the Three Kingdoms, there have been many places named with the word "Qin" in Tianshui, such as Qin'an, Qinling, Qinzhou, etc.
In the heyday of the Kaiyuan Dynasty of the Tang Dynasty, Qinzhou was an important town on the way from my country to Chang'an in the west. It was known as the "gathering place of Qianqiu", so it became famous for a while. According to the "Biography of Tripitaka Master of Daci'en Temple", Xuanzang of the Tang Dynasty went west to India to worship Buddha and obtain Buddhist scriptures. He once passed through Tianshui and "passed Qinzhou and stopped for one night." There are many legends about Tang Monk's Buddhist scriptures circulating in Tianshui to this day. In the fourth year after the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu resolutely abandoned his official position in order to avoid the turmoil. He took his family with him and crossed Longshan to Qinzhou.
He began to live in Dongke Valley, 50 miles southeast of Qinzhou City, which is now Liujiahe (formerly known as Zimei Village) in Bahuai Village, Jiezi Township, Beidao District, Today's City, and later moved to Qinzhou City. Du Fu lived in Qinzhou for three months and wrote "Twenty Miscellaneous Poems of Qinzhou" and 12 poems about his journey from Long to Shu, which played an important role in his poetry creation throughout his life.
Tianshui also has an ancient name called "Chengji". The name Chengji was originally located in the Western Han Dynasty, but before the Song Dynasty it was only in Qin'an County, and it was moved to Tianshui in the Song Dynasty.
The name Cheng Ji is related to the legendary Fuxi clan. Tianshui is called "Dragon City" because it is the place where Fuxi, the ancestor of mankind, with the head of a human and the body of a dragon, was born, and is the hometown of dragons. "Hanshu Geography" also records that Tianshui County has Chengji County, so Tianshui is known as the "Hometown of Emperor Xi".
According to relevant evidence, the Fuxi Temple in Xiguan, Tianshui City, was first built more than 700 years ago. The ceiling of the Nantian Hall in the temple is painted with complete 64 hexagrams and river diagrams, which is rare in other places. Fuxi is the ancestor of the Chinese nation. People in Tianshui always like to call Fuxi Temple the "Renzu Temple"
Tianshui is the birthplace of ancient Chinese culture and enjoys the honor of "the hometown of Emperor Xi". It is the descendant of dragons at home and abroad. There are many cultural monuments in the territory, and there are 169 national, provincial and municipal key protected cultural relics. Among them, the Dadiwan site contains a large number of early Neolithic and Yangshao cultural treasures, which is the only Tianshui Fuxi Temple in China with Fuxi statues. With carved beams and painted buildings and dense ancient cypresses, the Maijishan Grottoes, one of the four largest grottoes in China and known as the "Oriental Sculpture Hall", has a collection of more than 7,730 statues dating from the end of the 4th century AD to the 20th century, and is closely related to the Xiangshan, Shuiliandong, Lhasao Temple, and Muti Temple all form the "Grotto Art Corridor" in the eastern section of the ancient Silk Road. At the same time, there are botanical gardens and fairy cliffs scattered for dozens of miles around Maiji Mountain. , Shimen, Jingtu Temple, Quxi and Jiezi Hot Spring Resort, together form the national forest park---Maijishan Scenic Area. The cultural landscape and natural beauty complement each other and attract countless tourists at home and abroad. /p>
Guagua is a special food in the Tianshui area. Whether it is the cold winter or the scorching sun in midsummer, there are always purple-red guaguas for sale at the stalls. There is a constant flow of diners and the business is particularly prosperous. .
There are many varieties of Tianshui guagua, including buckwheat guagua, iced bean guagua, pea guagua and noodle guagua. The production method is to first make the buckwheat guagua. Buckwheat flour is made into "buckwheat seeds", soaked and processed in water, and the starch is obtained. Then add the starch to the pot and cook over low heat until a thick layer of bright yellow croak is formed in the pot. The pot is covered, and after curing, it can be eaten or put on the market.
Tianshui Guagua has a long history. According to legend, when Wei Xiao conquered Tianshui in the late Western Han Dynasty, Guagua was the royal food in the palace. Queen Mother Ning was particularly fond of guagua and would eat it every three days. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, when Wei Xiao defeated Liu Xiu and defected to Sun Shu in Western Shu, the imperial cook fled the palace and lived in seclusion in Tianshui. Later, he rented a shop in Tianshui City. Specializing in guagua. Tianshui guagua has been passed down in this way. The main tourist attractions in Tianshui are: Yuquan Temple, Maijishan Grottoes, Maiji Mountain, Elephant Mountain Giant Buddha, Tianshui Shimen Mountain, Gansu Province, Xianren Cliff, Fuxi Temple, Tianshui Water Curtain Cave, Gansu Province. Nankuo Temple·Thousand Buddha Cave·Gangu Elephant Mountain·Quxi·Lashao Temple·Tianshui Normal University·Dadiwan Site·Maicaogou·Lashao Temple Grottoes·Shuiliandong Grottoes·Guatai Mountain·Xiansheng Pond·Li Guang’s Tomb
The Maijishan Grottoes are located in the southeast of Tianshui. They are named because the mountain looks like stacks of wheat. The grottoes were built more than 1,500 years ago, and most of them are between 20 and 80 meters tall. The caves are excavated on the high cliffs, layer upon layer, and are as dense as a honeycomb. There are planks connecting each cave, and you can climb up to the top of the mountain.
The size of the statues in Maijishan Grottoes is similar to that of a real person. Some are whispering to each other, some are smiling with their eyebrows lowered, and some are handsome and lively, with lifelike shapes, and are known as the "Oriental Statue Hall". There is also the Lhasao Temple Grottoes in Wushan near Tianshui. The relief Buddha on the cliff is about 60 meters high, which looks particularly majestic from a distance.
Maijishan caves are mostly built into unique "Ya Pavilions". The Qige, which is 15 meters high on the head of the East Cliff Clay Buddha, is a typical Han-style cliff pavilion building in my country. It is built on a cliff more than 50 meters above the ground and was excavated in the middle of the 6th century AD. Although the Maijishan Grottoes are mainly clay sculptures, there are also a certain number of stone carvings and murals. The Maijishan Grottoes are listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit. More than 1,300 meters of volleying plank roads have been newly built and repaired, allowing visitors to smoothly climb the caves.
The Hometown of Emperor Xi
Tianshui is one of the important birthplaces of the Chinese nation and Chinese civilization. Fuxi and Nuwa, the ancestors of mankind, recorded in history, were born in Tianshui. Tianshui is also known as "the hometown of Emperor Xi" and "the hometown of dragons". Fuxi, the first of the three emperors and the first of a hundred kings, was the first human king in China. Every year on Fuxi's birthday on the 16th day of the first lunar month and the 13th day of the fifth lunar month (the legendary birthday of the dragon), Tianshui holds a grand ceremony. Since 1995, the ceremony has been expanded into the Tianshui Fuxi Cultural Festival.
The existing Fuxi Temple, also known as Taihao Palace, is located in Xiguan, the urban area, and is locally known as the Renzong Temple. Its architecture is solemn, simple, majestic, and is a holy place for Chinese at home and abroad to trace their ancestors.
Maiji Mountain is located on the south side of Maijishan Township, Beidao District, 50 kilometers southeast of Tianshui City. It is an isolated peak in Xiaolong Mountain in the West Qinling Mountains. The Maiji Mountain Scenic Area has a total area of ??215 square kilometers, including the four major scenic areas of Maiji Mountain, Xianren Cliff, Shimen, Quxi and Jieting Ancient Town. It is one of the four famous grottoes in China.
Maiji Mountain is a typical Danxia landform. It is named because it looks like a farmyard wheat stack. The cliff rises from the ground, 80 meters high. The mountain is steep, surrounded by green trees, and the environment is quiet. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Maiji Mountain had become the summer palace of Kaixiao, a famous general in Tianshui. Here there are gloomy pines and cypresses, flying clouds, swirling smoke, and long flowing blue water. "Half of the blue clouds, between the cliffs, are carved stone Buddhas with thousands of stone niches." It is a gathering of people from the Later Qin, Western Qin, Northern Wei, Western Wei, and Northern Zhou Dynasties. There are more than 7,200 statues and more than 1,300 square meters of murals from more than ten dynasties, including the Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, distributed in 194 caves. Like Longmen Grottoes, there are precious art treasures. In terms of artistic characteristics, Dunhuang focuses on gorgeous murals, Yungang and Longmen are famous for their magnificent stone carvings, and Maiji Mountain is famous for its exquisite statues. As the Chinese sculptor Liu Kaiqu praised: Maiji Mountain is "a large sculpture gallery in the past dynasties of our country."
Yuquan Temple is located in the north of Qinzhou District, Tianshui City, because there is a clear, sweet and clear water on the mountain. It is named after the Yuquan in Nao and the sentence "The northern suburbs of the mountain temple, the famous mountain Yuquan" was recited by Liang Gongbi when he was building the temple.
Yuquan Temple is commonly known as Chengbei Temple, also known as Chongning Temple. At the foothills of Jingshan Mountain in Beitian, Tianshui City, Gansu Province. It was built in the third year of Dade of the Yuan Dynasty (1299). The existing buildings were rebuilt during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The view is close to the city wall, rising along the mountain, and built along the ravines, cliffs and terraces. From bottom to top, the central axis includes the Mountain Gate, Yuxian Bridge, Tongxian Bridge, Qinglong Hall, White Tiger Hall, Renjian Tianshangfang, Yuquan Pavilion, First Mountain Archway, Sanqing Hall, and a small temple on the top of the mountain, which is said to be the birthplace of Zhongxiansheng in the Ming and Wei Dynasties. temple. On the side are Leizu Temple, Sanguan Hall, Zhuge Temple, Tuogong Temple, Sanqing Pavilion, Xuan Sheng Pavilion, Jingguan Pavilion, Cang Temple and Yuquan Well. There is a hexagonal pavilion above the well. It is said that the Immortal Cave was the place where immortals Lu and Ma became immortals in the Yuan Dynasty. The ink on the beam of the Sanqing Hall is inscribed with the inscription "Rebuilt in the 36th year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty", and the ink ink on the First Mountain Archway is inscribed with the inscription "Built in the 37th year of the Jiajing reign". There are pavilions and steles all over the mountain; the trees are lush and the winding paths are deep and quiet. In spring, there are many flowers and green grass. Visitors come here and forget to leave.
In Yuquan Temple, there is the "Yuquan Fairy Cave", one of the eight scenic spots in Qinzhou. According to legend, it is the seated and buried place of the three immortals Lu, Liang and Ma. There is a stele pavilion in the southwest of the cave, which contains four cursive calligraphy posts by Zhao Mengfu, a calligrapher of the Yuan Dynasty, and four five-character quatrains. The calligraphy is vigorous, round, simple and bold, and all viewers are amazed by it. Every year on the ninth day of the first lunar month of the lunar calendar, there is the Yuquan Temple Fair, which the locals call "Chaoguan". It is the early spring time when people are busy, and it is very lively, forming a joyful picture of customs and folk customs. Most of the existing buildings in Yuquan Temple were rebuilt during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
On May 25, 2006, Yuquan Temple, as an ancient building from the Yuan to Qing Dynasties, was approved by the State Council to be included in the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
On June 25, 2001, Fuxi Temple, as an ancient building from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, was approved by the State Council as a national key cultural relic protection unit. The temple was first built in the 19th to 20th year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1483-1484). It has been renovated nine times to form a large-scale building complex. After the ninth reconstruction from the 11th to 13th years of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1885-1887), it covered an area of ??13,000 square meters, and the existing area is more than 6,600 square meters.
Fuxi Temple is built facing the street. The courtyards are connected with each other, and the four courtyards are connected to each other. It is grand and deep. The ancient buildings in the temple include theater tower, archway, gate, Yimen, Xiantian Hall, Taiji Hall, bell tower, drum tower, Laihe Hall***10; new buildings include court room, stele corridor, exhibition hall, etc.***6 seat. There are a total of 76 new and old buildings. The entire building complex faces south. The archway, gate, Yimen, Xiantian Hall and Taiji Hall are arranged in sequence along the longitudinal axis, advancing layer by layer, solemn and majestic. The court rooms and stele corridors are symmetrically distributed along the horizontal axis, in a neat and orderly manner, and have a distinctive traditional Chinese architectural art style. Since Fuxi was the first emperor in ancient history and legend, the building complex is in the form of a palace, making it the largest Fuxi sacrificial building complex in the country. Because of the Fuxi Temple, Xiaoxiguancheng was also called Fuxi City before the Republic of China.
The courtyard is dotted with ancient cypresses, which were planted in the Ming Dynasty. There were originally 64 cypresses, symbolizing the number of Fuxi’s sixty-four hexagrams, and there are 37 existing cypresses. Tall and green, with thick shade blocking out the sun. There were two ancient Sophora japonica trees standing opposite each other in the east and west corners of the inner gate of Fuxi Temple. There is one existing tree on the east side with a hollow trunk. It has been identified as a tingling plant from the Tang Dynasty.