Travel in the mountains
Du Mu [Tang Dynasty]
As far away as Hanshan, the stone path is oblique, and people are in Bai Yunsheng. (living in the depths)
Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February flowers.
I also released a translation for your understanding:
In late autumn, there are several families in the place where the white clouds were born along the sloping road paved with stones in the distance.
I stopped the carriage because I like the late autumn scenery in Fenglin. The maple leaves after first frost in late autumn are redder than the spring flowers in February.
Here are some words that I think are more important. Let me explain them to you separately:
Hiking: Walking in the mountains.
Far away: climb into the distance.
Hanshan: A mountain in late autumn.
Stone road: A road paved with stones.
Inclined: it means inclined.
Shen: Another version is Sheng. ("Life" can be understood as the place where white clouds form; "Deep" can be understood as being in the depths of clouds)
Sit: Because.
Frost leaves: Maple leaves turn red after frost in late autumn.
Night in Maple Grove: Maple Grove in the evening.
In this paper, frost leaves are redder than February flowers.
Controversy: Is it "deep" or "raw"?
The word "Shen" or "Sheng" in the second sentence of the original text is still controversial in academic circles. Chen Menglei, the editor of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, wrote in the book Dust of Ancient and Modern Books that "there are people in the depths of white clouds". Guan Guang published this book in Ming Dynasty, and Ten Thousand Tang Poems were compiled in Song Dynasty as Bai Yunsheng has a real person. Qing Qianlong's Siku Quanshu has two versions. For example, Three Hundred Tang Poems compiled by Gao Chun in Ming Dynasty and All Tang Poems by Ding Yu are "There are people in the depths of white clouds", while 10,000 Tang Poems compiled by Mai are "there are people". In some textbooks, this poem has been changed from "there are people in the depths of the white clouds" to "there are people in Bai Yunsheng" now, and it is stated in the notes that "the place of birth is the place in the depths" (the textbooks used should prevail in the examination). 1994, the Ministry of Education re-edited The Grand Dictionary of Mandarin as "There are people in the depths of white clouds". The latest textbook compiled by the Ministry of Education chooses "There are people in Bai Yunsheng".
If you only read the article, it may be difficult to understand the meaning, so you have to interpret it in combination with the creative background of the article at that time:
This poem describes a trip to a distant mountain, and the specific creation time is difficult to confirm. The author climbed the mountain in late autumn to enjoy the scenery and was intoxicated by this picturesque scenery, so he wrote this poem to commemorate it.
Having said that, let's appreciate and comment on this article together:
This poem depicts the colors of autumn and shows a touching autumn color map of mountains and forests. The poem describes mountain roads, people, white clouds and red leaves, forming a harmonious and unified picture. These scenes are not juxtaposed in the same position, but are organically linked, with the master and the slave, some in the center of the picture and some in the background. To put it simply, the first three sentences are the object, the fourth sentence is the subject, and the first three sentences describe the background, which creates an atmosphere for the fourth sentence and plays a role in paving the way and setting off the background.
The first sentence "The stone path is inclined to the distant cold mountain", from bottom to top, write a stone path winding to the autumn scenery of the mountains. The word "cold" points to the late autumn season; The word "far" describes the length of the mountain road; The word "oblique" takes care of the word "far" at the beginning of the sentence and writes a high and slow mountain. Because the slope is not big, you can travel by car.
The second sentence, "There are people in the depths of white clouds", describes the distant scenery that the poet saw when hiking in the mountains. The word "deep" vividly shows the dynamics of white clouds rising, winding and floating, and also shows that the mountain is very high. The word "someone" will remind people of the smoke curling up in the kitchen, the cock crowing and the dog barking, making them feel that the mountains are full of vitality and there is no dead terror. The word "home" also takes care of the "stone path" in the previous sentence, because this "stone path" is the passage for residents in the mountains.
The poet is only describing these scenery objectively. Although the word "cold" is used, the following words such as "late" and "frost" are just sorted out, which does not show the poet's emotional tendency. After all, it is only to prepare for the following description-to outline the environment where Fenglin is located.
"Stop and sit late in the maple forest" is different, and this tendency is very obvious and strong. Mountain roads, white clouds and others did not impress the poet, but the evening scenery of Fenglin surprised him. In order to stop and enjoy the scenery of this mountain forest, I don't care to continue driving. The word "late" in this sentence is exquisitely used and contains multiple meanings: (1) points out that the first two sentences are seen during the day and the last two sentences are scenes at night. (2) Because there is a sunset glow in the evening, the gorgeous sunset glow and the flaming maple leaves reflect each other, and the maple forest is particularly beautiful. (3) The poet lingered, and in the evening, he reluctantly boarded the bus and left, showing his love for red leaves. (4) Because we stop for a long time and observe carefully, we can appreciate the interesting epigram of the fourth sentence "Frost leaves are red in February flowers".
The fourth sentence is the center of the whole poem, written by the poet with strong colors and coherent brushwork. Not only did the sparse scenery in the first two lines set off gorgeous autumn colors, but even the seemingly lyrical narrative of "stopping to sit in the maple grove late" actually played a role in setting off the scenery: the poet who stopped to watch, Tao Ran drunk, became a part of the scenery, and only with this scene did autumn colors become more charming. After a rewriting, it came to an abrupt end, and it seemed melodious and memorable.
This is an autumn hymn. Poets don't feel sad and sigh when autumn comes, like ordinary literati in ancient times. He eulogized the beauty of autumn colors in nature, embodied the spirit of being bold and uplifting, and showed the poet's talent and insight with a heroic spirit.
Finally, I believe everyone is familiar with the author Du Mu. Here I will briefly introduce:
Du Mu (AD 803-852), born in Fanchuan, Mu Zhi, Han nationality, Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi), was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Mu is called "Xiao Du" to distinguish him from Du Fu. Also known as "Little Du Li" with Li Shangyin. Because he lived in South Fan Chuan Villa in Chang 'an in his later years, he was later called "Du Fanchuan" and wrote "Collected Works of Fan Chuan".