At first, students in Ming government and counties had meals every month to subsidize their lives. The number of places is fixed, 40 in the early Ming Dynasty, 30 in prefectures and 20 in counties, and each person will be given six buckets of rice a month. In the Qing dynasty, only those who passed the first-class age and subject examinations could get Lin's name. The number of places varies with the size of counties, and four taels of silver are issued every year. Students should make a guarantee for the students who take the exam to ensure that there are no disadvantages such as unclear net worth and impersonation.
Basic introduction Chinese name: Li Sheng Pronunciation: lǐn? Shēng, also known as: outstanding figure of catering students: Feng Lingyun's pronunciation, Yi Sheng, outstanding figure, pronunciation of other students, lǐn's basic meaning 1. Rice barn, also refers to stored rice: barn ~. ~ Health (that is, "health workers", China said in the Ming and Qing Dynasties that the government, prefectures and counties paid money on time to subsidize life workers). ~ Guo (originally refers to the food supplied by the government). 2. accumulation, stagnation: "~ in the stomach." Lin, who was born in Ming and Qing Dynasties, is called an official grain student. It is also called eating goods. There are places for beginners in the Ming dynasty, and everyone eats. Since then, the number of places has increased, because it is said that the first dish is "Cai Sheng", which is called "Cai Sheng" in the province, and the increase is called "enrollment expansion" and "proliferation" in the province. In addition, it is added at the end of students, which is called "additional students" and "additional students" in the province. After that, the freshmen are called attached students, and the ones with the highest age and subject examination can be supplemented by proliferation and dropping out of school. Eat middle-aged and deep, and you can fill it with annual tribute. The Clear system is similar. The epitaph of Zhenyun in Shangshu Festival of Ming Ministry of War reads: "() Sun Er, Chang Fucheng, born, married Li." Outstanding people In the ancient imperial examination, the scholar with the first grade was called a student, and the student could get government subsidies. In the 30th year of Guangxu (1905), Feng Lingyun, a native of Changbu Village, Mazhang, passed the Suixi County Examination, Leizhou Prefecture Examination, and Provincial Academy of Sciences Examination successively, and won the first place in the examination. In the same year, Emperor Guangxu issued an imperial edict: "Stop the imperial examination and start schools", ending the imperial examination system that lasted for more than 1000 years. Feng Lingyun is an enlightenment student in Zhanjiang history. Feng Lingyun (1875- 1954) is gifted and studious, but his family is difficult. Shortly after he entered the private school, he stopped studying, and only with the support of Feng did he continue to repeat his studies. In his early years, Feng joined the army with Feng Zicai, a famous anti-French fighter, and made outstanding achievements. From 65438 to 0898, the anti-French struggle that shocked China and foreign countries broke out in Zhanjiang. Feng is the "general manager" of anti-French, leading people with lofty ideals and villagers to create invaders. Seeing the corruption and incompetence of the Qing Dynasty, he died without regret. Liu Bo had a great influence on Feng Lingyun's life, and also laid his life orientation of forging ahead, patriotism and love for his hometown. After the abolition of the imperial examination in the late Qing Dynasty, most tribute students were still conceited and lofty, and they were still worried about pursuing fame. Feng Lingyun, on the other hand, understands the times and follows the trend. 1907 was admitted to Guangdong-Guangxi Law and Politics School, and was the first student to graduate from a provincial school in Zhanjiang. He is well-known in Zhanjiang, with both ancient and modern knowledge and double education. In particular, his calligraphy, poetry and couplets are unconventional, unique and very popular. But his ink will never speculate, never cheat, he will go with the flow. His self-titled couplet at the entrance of Xinghan Road in Chikan is "heirloom is only rich, but the world is cold but honest". It is a portrayal of his sincere, kind and upright life. There are two things that best reflect Feng Lingyun's character. After France invaded Zhanjiang, legal persons died one after another, and the invading army built a legal person cemetery near Xiashan No.4 Middle School, which the people called "Fan Ghost Garden". This cemetery was built according to the traditional model of western Europe. In order to show that it also has China characteristics, a couplet was designed at the gate, which was obtained from Feng Lingyun through French touts. Su Feng hated the colonialists, and was determined to tease and satirize the invaders with couplets in front of the tomb. On the surface, he wrote a tomb couplet that seemed to mourn the dead in a foreign country, but in fact he questioned whose home the aggressor died in and satirized the difficulty of his soul returning to China. Lian Yue said, "Jiangshan believes in beauty and the sea is desolate, so it is the soul of the country." The tomb couplet is the only way to go under the pool. People can see it when they come and go, and they all know what it means, which makes people very happy and tries to speak it out. Many old Zhanjiang people can still recite this couplet. Another time was1March, 947, when Dai Chaoen, the county magistrate of Suixi, was killed by our guerrillas. His relatives, friends and concubines begged Feng Lingyun to write an obituary for Iron Egg. He made three consecutive visits and sent gold bars and bracelets as a reward. Feng resolutely refused to write. In addition, in the early years of the Republic of China, Feng Lingyun hit the nail on the head and wrote a couplet satirizing the face of Guangzhou Bay under French rule, which was also widely circulated among the people. The joint article is: "unless you are gambling and drinking, it is difficult to stay here;" However, the Sri Lankan world can allow officials, businessmen and soldiers to steal as a carnival. " Feng Lingyun was open-minded all his life, hated officialdom and was enthusiastic about education. During the Republic of China, he served as the principal of Suixi No.7 Primary School, Chenguang School and Heqing Middle School. He sympathized with the revolution, and the revolutionary teachers and students in these schools, under the leadership of the underground party, did a lot of work for War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and liberation. After liberation, many students of Feng Lingyun served as leaders at all levels in Zhanjiang. 1954 Feng Lingyun died at the age of 80. The other students are Lu from Yongkang, Zhejiang (1879—1954). Put it on. Qing Yu was born. He joined the Guangfu Association in his early years and graduated from Baoding Military Academy. He used to be a member of the Zhejiang New Army Supervision Department and an officer of the Second Battalion Supervision Team of the 82nd Bid Section. During the Revolution of 1911, he participated in the campaigns to recover Hangzhou and Nanjing. 19 12 later, he served as the president of the 11th Association of Zhejiang Army, the commander of the 6th Division of Zhejiang Army, and the ambassador of Jiahu Town. During the war to defend the country, he declared independence in Zhejiang and set off for Yuan. 19 16 was promoted to governor of Zhejiang province and resigned after half a year. 19 18 went to Guangdong and served as commander-in-chief of Fujian and Zhejiang armies. 1922 lives in Tianjin. During the Northern Expedition, he was appointed as the special envoy of the Northern Expedition Army to Jiangbei in Fu Xuan and resigned. Later, he operated industries in Shanghai, Zhejiang and other places. 1946 deputy speaker of the Senate of Zhejiang province. * * * After the Republic of China, he served as the vice president of Hangzhou Branch of China People's Disaster Relief Association and a member of Zhejiang CPPCC. Xu Shuzheng (1880165438+1October1-192565438+February 29), whose name is Zheng, is Tieshan, Guanqiao, Xiaoxian County, Jiangsu Province. Guangxu six years (1880)10.9 was born, 13 years old Jinshi, 17 years old makeup. In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (190 1), it was recommended as the editorial department of Duan. 1905 was sent to the Japanese Army NCO School by Duan Bao, and 19 10 graduated in the seventh period. After returning to China, he served as a military senator of six towns in the Qing Dynasty in Duan, and served as the General Staff of the First Army in 19 165438. 19 12 served as director of the military science division of the Ministry of War of the Republic of China. 1965438+in may 2004, he served as the second minister of the war department. When Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, he was ousted by Yuan Shikai because he advised Duan to boycott. 19 16 Yuan Shikai became the Secretary-General of the State Council after his death (the paragraph was Premier the State Council). In the dispute between the government and the court, he and the secretary-general of the presidential palace were dismissed one after another. 19 17 instigated the "Restoration" incident in which Zhang Xun drove Li away. Later, he planned the "Rebel Army" campaign against Zhang Xun, and later served as the commander-in-chief of the army, advocating the reunification of China by force. Duan resigned in the second court debate. Behind the scenes, Xu planned the overseers to put pressure on Feng, instigated Fengtian Zhang to enter the customs and seize power, and forced Feng to re-enable Duan to form a cabinet. 191June 08 15 assassinated Feng Yuxiang's mentor and old head Lu in Tianjin. 19 19, as the northwest frontier defense ambassador and commander-in-chief of the northwest frontier defense force. 19 19 19 led troops into outer Mongolia, forcing outer Mongolia to formally cancel its autonomy and return to China on1917. 1920 after the direct Anhui war, the Anhui department failed, and Xu was wanted and listed as the core figure of Anfu political group. Later, with the help of the Japanese Embassy, he fled to the British Concession in Shanghai to take refuge. 192 1 year, Sun Yat-sen planned to unite Duan and Zhang to form a triangular alliance to explore the northern expedition for Zhili. At the beginning of next year, Xu went to Guilin to meet Sun Yat-sen on behalf of Duan. 1September, 924, the Jiangsu-Zhejiang War broke out. Xu was appointed commander-in-chief of the Zhejiang-Shanghai Allied Forces. Anhui failed, and was arrested by the British who supported the clique in the British Concession apartment, forcing him to go to Europe on an English ship. When passing through Hong Kong, after the war, Duan was pushed to the provisional regime, Xu was freed, and was appointed as a political envoy to inspect Europe, America and Japan. He led a 15 delegation and visited France, Britain, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United States, Japan and other 12 countries. During his visit to France, Sun Yat-sen died of illness in Beijing, and Xu Dianzhi wrote an elegy. 192565438+February 1 1 Xu returned to Shanghai after the inspection. Duan telegraphed him that he had temporarily stopped his trip to Beijing because of the chaotic situation in Beijing and Tianjin. However, he thinks he should go to Beijing on 19 after his inspection. Informed by my phone, I left Beijing south by special bus on the evening of February 29th, 65438, passing Langfang Station between Beijing and Tianjin, and was hijacked by Feng Yuxiang's department. He was killed in the early morning of the 30th for revenge, aged 45. The following year, he was buried in his hometown. He is the author of The Founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Shi Xixuan's Manuscript, Poems of Dou, Poems of Bimeng Temple, etc. Long Guozhen (1877-? ) Also known as Zeshu, alias Long Ling. Former native of Wanshou Township, Yongchuan, Chongqing, progressive official of the Republic of China, studying in Japan. When I was young, I studied in private schools and county middle schools, and my grades were excellent. 1897 to try, take an examination of levinson; The next year, I got the first place in science, and I made up for it. After the exam, he qualified for the palace exam and entered the Hanlin Academy. 190 1, admitted to the East Sichuan Literature Museum. After graduation, I studied in Japan and studied in Dong Bin school. 19 12 years, established Sichuan viceroy, served as viceroy counselor and director of the high court. 19 14 years as the procurator-general of Anhui Provincial High Court, the president of Guizhou Provincial High Court, the procurator-general of the capital, the procurator-general of the office of the procurator-general, the president of Sichuan Provincial High Court, and Liu Xiang 2 1 military adviser to Sichuan Province. After liberation, he joined the Democratic National Construction Association and served as a professor at Xianghui College and a librarian at Chongqing Literature and History Museum.