The prose style of Liu Zongyuan, a writer in the middle Tang Dynasty in the era of children's biography.
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Mr. Liu said, [1] there are many people, but few people [2]. If you have boys and girls, your wealth must be regarded [3]. Self-destructive teeth [4], father and brother sell for their own benefit [5]. If it is insufficient, tie the clip [7] in another room [6]. If necessary, [8] is too strong [9], and all of it will be reduced to [10]. It is vulgar for a thief to kill a thief on the right path [1 1]. Fortunately, if you become stronger [12], you will be bound by the weak [13]. Because Han officials thought they had gained benefits [14], they would have gained benefits [15] and did whatever they wanted. Therefore, the account consumption in Vietnam is [17], and it is too little to take off [18]. But the children's section won eleven years [19], which is also very strange [20]. Du's engagement in Guangxi is final [2 1]. Child sender, Liu Zhoumuer also [22]. When grazing [23], two thieves hijacked the connection [24] and covered their mouths [25]. After walking more than forty miles, I sold it falsely [26]. Send a fake child crow [27], fear chestnut [28], for Jpua [29], thief easy [30], drunk. One person goes to town [3 1], and one person lies down and plants blades on the road [32]. Tong Wei waited for him to sleep [33], tied his back blade [34], forced him to go up [35] and won [36], because he took the blade and killed him. If you can't escape far, the market will come back and you will get the child. If it's terrible, you'll kill the child. Qi said [37]: "If you are a boy [38], who is a boy [39]? He is not my kindness [40]. Cheng Lang can do anything after seeing Yu En [4 1]. " The marketer thought for a long time [42]: "Which one is to sell it instead of killing it?" Instead of selling points, which one is my specialty [43]? Fortunately, it would be good to kill him. "Is to hide his body and take the children to the master's office [44]. The more bound, the stronger. In the middle of the night, the child will be burned by fire [45], although his hands are sore [46]; Take back the sword and kill the city. Because of the large size [47], you are surprised by a deficiency. The boy said, "I am a boy in our district, and I shouldn't be a boy." "The thief caught me, but I was lucky enough to kill them both! I would like to hear about it [48]. " White state virtual officer [49], white doctor [50]. A big house calls a child, and a young one wishes to be an ear [5 1]. Yan Zheng secretariat of strange [52], as a small official, refused. And clothes, official protection of hometown [53]. People who rob and bind in the countryside are afraid to go through the door. They all said, "Qin Wuyang is two years old [56]. How can he be close to killing No.2 [57]?"
Edit the notes of this article.
[1] Child: Child. District (non-u): surname. Send: Name. [2] Yue people: In ancient times, it refers to ethnic minorities in Lingnan area. En: Kindness. [3] Goods as goods: treat goods as goods. [4] Tooth destruction: refers to the replacement of deciduous teeth. When the child is seven or eight years old, the deciduous teeth fall off and become permanent teeth. [5] Yan () sells: sells. Rudder: for sale. 3 (j √ International): I have hope for the map and my mouth is watering. [6] Other rooms: other people's children. [7] Pliers (Gü): Put an iron hoop around your neck and handcuff your hands with wooden handcuffs. [8] To the beard (liè lie): There are even adults who have grown beards because of years of imprisonment. Beard, moustache [9] Overwhelmed: unable to support the body. [10] child: servant. In power: On the road, you are fighting with an open flame. [1 1] Thief killing: injury killing. [12] Fortunately, it was a fluke. [13] Yao (yāo waist): children. [14] Han officials: officials sent to minority areas in the Tang Dynasty. Because you think you are profitable: use this for your own benefit. [15] Gou: If. Do what they want: let them do what they want. Indulge: Indulge. [17] Consumption: An increase in consumption means an increase in deaths and a decrease in population. Z: Cardo. [18] Few people can escape the fate of being hijacked and killed. [19] Winning at the age of eleven: defeating the robber who kidnapped him at the age of eleven. S: Here you are. [2 1] Chifu: After Yonghui in Tang Gaozong, Lingnan Road was divided into five capitals, namely, Guangzhou, Guizhou, Rongzhou, Yongzhou and Jiaozhou, which were collectively called "Lingnan Five Tubes". Chifu is one of the five pipes, so it is also called Guiguan, that is, Guizhou Governor's Office. Occupation: official name, deputy to the local governor of the state capital. [22] Liuzhou: originally belonging to Chen, textual research on Liu Ji Dian Kan holds that Chen should be Liu, and the story sent by Qu Yuan was passed on by Liu Zongyuan in Yongzhou Du. Mr. He Shuzhi also thinks that this article was written in Yongzhou. Credible. Shepherd: Children who gather firewood and eat grass. You: firewood. [23] Grazing and grazing: grazing and firewood. Good: engaged in. [24] Hao thief: robber. Howe, be tough. Reverse connection: Hands tied behind your back. [25] Cover his mouth: Cover his mouth with a cloth. Bag: pocket, which means cover here. [26] Virtual: "Virtual" leads to "market" fairs. [27] False: Pretend. [28] Panic: Trembling with fear. Chestnut: I shudder. [29] Be a child: Act like a child. Common modality. [30] Yi: Ignore, don't care. [3 1] For the market: buyers and sellers, talk about business and find buyers. [32] On the blade planting road: insert the knife into the road. [33] Wei Hou: secretly waiting. Wait: Peep. [34] Tie the back blade: point the rope that binds him to the blade. [35] Up and down: Rub hard up and down. [36] Absolutely: broken. [37] Qi (Ju): In a hurry. [38] Lang: At that time, slaves called their masters Lang. [39] He Ruo: He Ru, there is nothing like it. [40] No, I am, um: Don't be nice to me. [4 1] Sincerely see Yu En: You can really stop killing me and treat me well. End: safe. [42] Long time: A long time. [43] meter: calculation. DeChuan: Exclusive. [44] Master: refers to the person who harbors thieves in the market. [45] that is, near. [46] Sore: Tong' Zhuang'. Fear (Dan Dan): Fear. [47] tuba: shout loudly. Cry [48] I would like to hear about it: I would like to report it to the official. [49] White: Report. State: refers to state officials. [50] Da Fu: "Da" and "Tai" refer to the superior government of the country. [5 1] Young wish: young and honest, willing to be honest. Secretariat: Head of State Administration. Yan Zheng: the nephew of Yan Zhenqing, a minister and calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, once served as the secretariat of Guangxi and an observer of Guangxi Pavilion. [53] Protecting the hometown: escort him back to his hometown. In short, kidnappers [54]: people who kidnap and sell children. [55] Look askance: dare not face up to it and describe fear. [56] Qin Wuyang: During the Warring States Period, a young warrior of the State of Yan was able to kill a rapist at the age of thirteen. [57] For killing: killing.
Edit the translation of this passage.
Mr. Liu said: people who cross the border are ungrateful and ungrateful, and treat them as goods regardless of boys and girls. After the child was seven or eight years old, the parents sold the child for money. If the money you get can't satisfy your greed, steal other people's children. After they succeeded, they put iron hoops around their necks and handcuffed their hands with wooden handcuffs to prevent them from escaping. Even some adults are forced to become slaves because the enemy can't beat the shackles. At that time, killing each other on the road has become a habit, and those lucky enough to grow strong and tall will kidnap those weak people. Han officials use this bad habit for their own benefit. As long as you can get a servant, indulge, not pursue. As a result, the population of Vietnam has decreased, and few people can escape the tragic fate of being servants. Strangely, only District Post defeated the robber who kidnapped him at the age of eleven. Du, the governor of Guizhou, told me. Children's zone posts are children who collect firewood and release cattle in Liuzhou. While he was grazing and firewood, two robbers kidnapped him, tied his hands behind his back, put a cloth over his mouth and took him to the market more than forty miles away to sell. The postman pretended to cry and acted scared and trembling like a child. When the two thieves saw him, they both looked down on him and thought the child was easy to deal with. Two people face to face drinking, drunk. One of them went to talk about business, and the other lay down to sleep and stuck the knife in the road. The postman secretly waited for the agent, and when he saw that he was asleep, he leaned the rope that bound his hand against the blade, rubbed it up and down hard, cut the rope, and then killed the robber in his sleep with a knife. Not far away, he was arrested by robbers who came back from business talks. He was so surprised that he wanted to kill qubest. The postman quickly said, "It's better for two masters to have a servant than for one master to have a servant, isn't it? He treats me badly, but if you can really save my life and be good to me, you can do whatever you want. " The robber thought for a long time and said, "It is better to sell the child than to kill him;" I'd rather live alone than sell him and divide the money. Fortunately, the child killed him, which is good. "So he buried the body of his partner and sent it to the house where the thief was hiding in the market. Just in case, he tied the regional mail tighter. In the middle of the night, QuJi turned over and burned the rope that tied his hand by the fire. Even if his hand was burned, he was not afraid. Then he took the knife and killed the robber. Then he cried and shouted, which alarmed the whole market. District post said: "I am a child of the district family and should not be a slave." "Two robbers kidnapped me, but I was lucky enough to kill them all, hoping to tell the government about it." Officials in the market town reported the matter to state officials, who in turn reported it to higher authorities. When the government summoned District Post, it was unexpected that he was a young and honest child. Yan Zheng, the secretary of the Secretariat, thought the boy was great and wanted to keep him as a small official, but the district refused. So he gave him some clothes and sent officials to escort him home. From then on, those who robbed, kidnapped and robbed houses in the village were too scared to face up to the door of the community. They all said, "This kid is two years younger than Qin Wuyang, but he killed two thieves. How can you provoke it? "
Edit a brief analysis of this paragraph.
This article is selected from Liuhe Dongji, and has been selected as a junior middle school Chinese textbook. This article is a true story: 1 1 year-old community post was hijacked by two robbers and finally saved itself by its own courage and wit. The author grasps the personality characteristics of the characters, portrays them from different levels and angles, and writes a little hero vividly. In particular, the description of the words and deeds in the article is worth savoring. The full text is divided into three parts. The first part tells how outwit killed the first robber. Can be divided into two layers. The first layer describes the story of robbery in the area, which is the origin of the story and leads to the story of "intelligence battle". On the second floor, it is written that Qu Zhi killed the first robber, and Qu Zhi's rebellion was both cautious and resolute. The second part tells the process of sending wisdom to kill the second robber. Can be divided into two layers. On the first floor, the postman skillfully dealt with the second robber, showing extraordinary wit and courage. On the second floor, the writer sent a message to kill the second robber. He was "willing to be heard by the authorities", which showed that he was very calculating and sensible. The third part is the end of the event. It is also divided into two layers. On the first floor, he refused to be a "small official" and was escorted back to his hometown, showing his simple character. On the second floor, it is written that "country robbers" reacted to the killing of thieves by District Post, which shows the amazing courage of District Post from the side. In a word, the full text shows the young hero's witty and brave character and fighting spirit without fear of violence, and also reflects the dark and corrupt social reality in the middle Tang Dynasty.
Edit the introduction of the author of this paragraph.
Liuzongyuan statue
Liu Zongyuan (773-819) was a writer, philosopher and politician in the Tang Dynasty. His ancestral home is Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi). Born in Chang 'an, Kyoto (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). Together with Han Yu, he advocated the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty and called it "Liu Han". Also known as "Liu Liu" with Liu Yuxi. Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei Wuying are called "Wang Meng Liu Wei" together with Han Yu, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in the Tang Dynasty. The world is called Liuhe East or Liuliuzhou. There are few talents, but they have great ambitions. In 793 AD (the ninth year of Zhenyuan), he was admitted to Scholar's Academy, and five years later, he was admitted to the Department of Bo Xue Hong Ci, and was awarded the orthography of Jixian Hall. He was a lieutenant in Lantian, then became an official in the DPRK, actively participated in the political reform of Wang Group, and was transferred to Danielle as foreign minister. After the failure of innovation, Shaozhou was demoted as a secretariat, and after Sima Yongzhou returned to Beijing, he was also demoted as a secretariat of Liuzhou, with outstanding achievements. Died in Liuzhou. There are more than 600 poems today, and the achievements are greater than poems. There are nearly 100 parallel essays, which are highly argumentative and combative, and travel notes are written about mountains and rivers, with many sustenance. Philosophical works include Tian Shuo and Feudalism. His works were edited by Liu Yuxi. There is Liuhe East Collection.
Edit this classical Chinese phenomenon
Special sentence patterns
1. Children's Sender, translated by Liu's "Zhou Mure Fever" (Judgment): The sender in the children's area is a child who collects firewood and grazes cattle in Liuzhou. I don't appreciate it. Negative sentences use pronouns as objects and put objects before verbs. He treats me badly. I would like to be heard by the official. Omit the object "Zhi" after the preposition "Yi". Willing to report this to the government. 4. Walk more than forty miles to sell. The object "zhi" after omitting "qu" is equivalent to here.
Common words
Walk more than forty miles and sell it. "Virtual" connection "market"
Flexible use of parts of speech
1. Cover your mouth. Capsule noun is an adverbial, meaning cloth. 2. Tie the back knife. Binding verbs as nouns refer to the rope that binds people; Use the back noun, that is, back to or leaning against. 3. He is good to me and good to me. After meeting Cheng Lang, he talked about the usage of the envoy, which means "to make" ... intact ". Don't be afraid of sore hands. The noun here is used as a verb, meaning burn.