Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is vigorous, rigorous and meticulous. Among the characteristics of Chinese characters, it is famous for its thinness and strength. The written regular script is attractive, and the running script and regular script are the most exquisite. Liu's regular script is unique, rigorous in statutes, tight inside and wide outside, and has long been praised for cutting with a pen. He and Yan Zhenqing, another great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, were also called "Yan Gu", which became a model of calligraphy in past dynasties.
Liu Gongquan's representative calligraphy works include Mysterious Tower Monument, Shence Army Monument, Tombstone of Su Feng, Secret Pavilion Post of Chunhua, Diamond Sutra and so on. Today, Liu Ti is listed as a compulsory copybook by the Ministry of Education.
Liu Gongquan's tomb is located 300 meters northwest of Rangyi Village, Azi Township, Yaozhou District, Shaanxi Province, alongside his brother Liu's tomb. There are two tombs side by side in the cemetery, with Liu Gongzhuo's tomb in the east and Liu Gongquan's tomb in the west. There is a tombstone in front of each tomb, with the same inscription: the previous paragraph "To Bi Yuanshu, a Jinshi and assistant minister of the Ministry of War and vice governor of Shaanxi Province"; The next paragraph is "In the second year of Qing Dynasty, C, A, Meng and Yaozhou were buried behind the scenes, and a monument was erected". The official script of Chuo Tomb is "the tomb of Liu Gonggong Chuo, the minister of Tang War Department", and the official script of Quan Tomb is "the tomb of Liu Gongquan, the king of Hedong County in Tang Dynasty". The 20 15 year's tomb site dispute is the 50th anniversary of the death of Liu Gongquan, a great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. Many calligraphers or fans will pay homage to Liu Gongquan. Most people immediately think of Liu Gongquan's tomb in Yaozhou District of Tongchuan City. However, the appearance of a genealogy of Liu Gongquan's descendants complicated things. According to this genealogy, Liu Gongquan's tomb is in Xi Lantian. On the afternoon of August 27th, Liu Guozhi, who works in Xianyang, showed his family tree to reporters. This family tree is yellow, and there is no cover. There must be a lost page number, a disorderly first page and an incomplete page that has not been posted on the whole family tree. The following important words are written on it: Sincerely hanging pavilion bachelor's food city Lantian, not buried here. Future generations have families. Lantian Liu Zhuang got its name from this. Liu's family began. Judging from the following pages, this page should be the second and first page reserved for this genealogy. At the end of this genealogy, Meng Chun was in my heart for six years of Jiaqing, and it was written as Meijin and Jiaqing for six years, that is, 180 1 years ago and 2 14 years ago. Judging from the tone of the article, this is Liu's genealogy according to her own knowledge. Both Old Tang Shu and New Tang Shu recorded Liu Gongquan's "mantra". In this genealogy, "sincere suspension" refers to Liu Gongquan. According to Liu, Liu Gongquan was buried in his food city, Liu Zhuang, Lantian, where his descendants settled. Liu Guozhi told reporters that this genealogy was found in the house where his grandmother lived when she died. He is a descendant of Liu Gongquan. He is not only a descendant of Liu Gongquan, but also a large number of descendants of Liu Gongquan in liu village, Lisan Town, Lantian County, his hometown. For decades, people thought that Liu Gongquan's tomb was in Yaozhou according to the map logo, but this genealogy has such a record. What happened? The reporter visited liu village. Liu village has a reporter "Feng Shengsheng" who is in charge of ancestor worship and public rights, and met 73-year-old Liu Yilong and others. Liu Yilong told reporters that people surnamed Liu in their village used to go to Liu Gongquan's tomb in Lihou village in the north of their village every year in Tomb-Sweeping Day, and didn't stop until two or three years after liberation. At that time, only men were allowed to go to the grave, and white steamed buns were given every time they went to the grave. Carry two baskets of steamed bread at a time, one for each person. There are more than 30 households in their village, with about 100 people. These more than 30 surnames of Liu belong to one ancestor. Many people moved out of the village in the past. There are about 30 households in Liujiawan Village, Jiaodai Town, Lantian, and about 10 households in Cang Di Village, Puhua Town. They used to come to Liu Gongquan's grave with liu village people every year. When Jiao Dai came, there were dozens of people and dozens of horses. During the Republic of China, Liu Nianchun served as county magistrate in southern Shaanxi, and Liu's ancestral hall was built in liu village. As far as he can remember, there are no sacrificial activities in the ancestral hall at ordinary times, and there are no memorial tablets and statues of ancestors in the ancestral hall. He just burns paper in front of Liu Gongquan's tomb every year and comes back to the ancestral temple to make buns. During the "Cultural Revolution", the ancestral hall was sold to private individuals by the production team and was later demolished. Liu Longgang, 52, pointed to two courtyards connected back to back in the village and told reporters that this is the site of Liu's ancestral hall, and the pillars and stones scattered around it are the buildings of the ancestral hall. Liu Guozhi said that the Liu family left liu village for many reasons, such as being an official and studying. According to Liu's genealogy, many people became juren, worked as officials in Fujian, Yunnan and other places, and were buried in Tuo and Sanyao villages in the southern suburbs of An 'nan. The genealogy was originally printed, and only 10 generations were recorded in the printed text, that is, Liu's upper 6 generations, Liu's peers and the next 3 generations. Not many people. Because there are many spaces or even empty pages in seal cutting, they were later added to calligraphy. But not many people. According to Liu's records, since his great-grandfather continued to be thick, many people have inherited the ancestral public right granted by the emperor to "worship students", that is, to burn incense for scholars, who are descendants of "sages." They gained fame without passing the imperial examination, and their duty was to manage the sacrifices of their ancestors. "liu village is only a part of Liu Zhuang in the past." "liu village today is only a part of Liu Zhuang in the past," said Liu Guozhi, who said that a large part of Lantian originally belonged to Liu Gongquan's food city, Liu Zhuang. Liu Yulong, from Liujiawan Village, Jiaodai Town, Lantian County, told reporters that Liu Gongquan's inscription was said to be well carved and people asked him to carve it. There happened to be lantian jade in Lantian, and the emperor gave him a food city in Lantian for the convenience of carving tablets. So Liu Gongquan and his descendants moved to Lantian. Liu Jingwen, a native of Li Sanzhen, often went to liu village 30 years ago and wrote: "Liu Gongquan was old and resigned from the DPRK, thanks to the gift of Emperor Mu Zong. From then on, Liu's mansion moved to Lantian, where he got food, clothing, housing and transportation. After years of illness, he was buried in Lantian Central District, which is the left side of Wang Jiao Village (now Lihou Administrative Village) in Lihou Township. " Li Hongxin, liu village, once heard the legend of the old man. Liu Gongquan's cemetery is very large. In order to wake up, the descendants of Liu Gongquan built the house in the south gate of the cemetery and lived and worked in peace and contentment, hence the name liu village. In ancient times, it was called East and West Liu Zhuang, and Fiona Fang was dozens of miles away. In the second year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, in Laochi Village, liu village, the genealogy of Wang recorded the record of "Liu Zhuang, the hometown of Dongliugongquan in the county". The villages mentioned in historical materials, such as Laochi Village, Yangpotou Village and Goujia Village, are all called Liu Zhuang. According to the Records of Lantian New County, there was a "Liuzhuang Village" in Lantian in Ming Dynasty and a "Liu Zhuang League" in Qing Dynasty, which governed this area18bao 188A. Accordingly, Li Hongxin thought that Liu Zhuang was big at that time. The reporter of "Leaving Huabiao and Shiyang in front of the Tomb" came to Lihou Village where Liu Gongquan's tomb is located. The 73-year-old Zhang pointed to the square where Lihou Primary School just entered, saying that this is where Liu Gongquan's tomb was sealed. The local tombs are all facing south, with their pillows in the north of Jinshan. There used to be a tombstone in the south of Liu Gongquan's tomb, which was about 1.5m wide and about 50cm thick. But the words on the tombstone can't be seen clearly, so let the children play with stones and smash them. You can see a palm-sized lump in the light. Before social education, the tombstone was laid as a bridge on the canal outside the west gate of the primary school, and then it disappeared. The flagpole of Liu Gongquan's cemetery is still preserved in the village. Zhang led the reporter to look outside the courtyard wall. The flagpole he mentioned was originally the lower half of China watch, with six sides, about1.8m long and 40cm in diameter, and its bottom was riveted to connect with the base. The thin head is about 30 cm in diameter. "Liu Gongquan's tomb was destroyed in the Cultural Revolution." According to He Guanghan, 73, from Lihou Village, Liu Gongquan's cemetery used to occupy more than 3 mu, and the four corners of the cemetery were bounded by square stone piles with a side length of 20 cm, and the sealed earth piles were located in the north of the center line of the cemetery. Later, when the teaching building of Lihou Primary School was built, many square bricks were dug. He, a 66-year-old from Lihou Village, said: "The wall of Liu Gongquan's tomb is even higher than the second floor, with a diameter of nearly 20 meters at the bottom. In the past, there was no fertilizer in the countryside. It was said that the soil would become fertilizer in a few years, and Liu Gongquan's tomb was taken to the ground. Later, the team built terraces and pulled out many stone sheep and stone men in the south of the tomb. Because nobody took care of it, it was all ruined later. During the' Cultural Revolution', we dug bomb shelters and grave bricks. Some people want to pay, but the secretary of the township party Committee says no. In case there are any hidden weapons in it, whoever is injured will be responsible. Therefore, the tomb is not damaged. " Liu Yilong told reporters that it is said that Liu Gongquan's original tombstone was erected by Liu Biao, the descendant of Liu Gongquan, the magistrate of Jing Yao in Qing Dynasty and the general of Jiaqing Emperor Town Hall. In his memory, in the past, there were many cypress trees in Liu Gongquan's cemetery, and neither of them could hold them. The Liu family once cut down 1 1 tree, took it back and cut down ten others, one pair was for family use, and the other nine pairs were sold, and then they bought 10 mu of land for ancestral temples. There were four stone sheep in front of Liu Gongquan's tomb. Shortly after liberation, his father brought back a stone sheep from Liu Gongquan's tomb and put it in the ancestral hall. After the primary school in the village was built, Shiyang moved to the school. It was stolen later, but fortunately it was not sold. I got it back through the public security bureau Now the village is protected. He showed the reporter the Shiyang, which is about 1.2 meters high and basically intact. There is also a record in the literature and history of Liu Gongquan's tomb in Lantian that it is forbidden to hang firewood in front of the tomb. According to the Qing Dynasty's "Lantian County Records of Yongzheng", the tomb of Liu Gongquan of Taibao is located in Donglisan, namely Liu Zhuang. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, the Records of Lantian County edited by Lu Maoxun recorded that Liu Gongquan ... lived in Lantian and had an old house called Liu Zhuang. Liu Gongquan's tomb is located in the east of the city. In the twenty-fifth year of Kangxi, Liu Ji gave birth to one person. This is consistent with the genealogical records preserved by Liu Guozhi. In the Republic of China, Niu Zhaolian compiled the relevant parts of the Continued Revision of Lantian County Records, and recorded the original edition of Lantian County Records revised by Lu Maoxun. In the second year of Xuantong in Qing Dynasty, namely 19 10, Fang Zhizai, a manuscript of Lantian County, said: "Liu Zhuang: Tongzhi": "Lantian has an ancient house in Liugongquan, with a common name of Liu Zhuang." Old Tzu Chi:' It's five miles east of the county.' Today is liu village, where there is Liu Gongquan's tomb ... Liu Taibao's tomb: Old Record: "Liu Zhuang is in the east of the county." There is a tomb in front of liu village today, and there is a ban on firewood in front of it. "Visible when Liu Gongquan's tomb was protected, it is strictly prohibited to cut down in the cemetery. Lantian County Government said in "Place Names of Lantian County" compiled by 1986: liu village is "Liu Gongquan's former residence with tombs, so it was named liu village." According to the Records of Lantian County published by 1994, the tomb of Liu Gongquan in Lihou Village is 8 meters high, with a bucket shape and a bottom of 30×30 meters. The tomb of Liu Gongquan written by Bi Yuan is in Yaozhou. If Liu Gongquan's tomb is in Lantian, how to explain that Liu Gongquan's tomb is in Yaozhou District? The reporter went to Guanzhuang Town, Yaozhou District to interview Ranyi Village. Let Liu Gongquan's cemetery in the first village be beautiful. Liu Gongquan's tomb is in the west of the cemetery. The tombstone is inscribed by Bi Yuan, governor of Shaanxi Province in the Qing Dynasty, "The Patriarchal Prince's Tomb in Hedong County of Tang Dynasty". To the east is the tomb of Liu Gongquan's brother Liu Gongju, both of which are gravestones inscribed by Bi Yuan. Zhao, who is in charge of the management here, told the reporter that according to local legend, the brothers Liu Gongquan had a dispute when building the mausoleum. Liu Gongquan thinks that Liu Gongzhuo is his brother and the mausoleum should be built in the east of the city. But Liu Gongchuo said that Liu Gongquan was famous and his tomb should be built in the east. Because his father died and his eldest son was his father, Liu Gongzhuo decided to build Liu Gongquan's tomb in the east as a mentor to the prince. Therefore, Dongling is exquisite and prosperous, and Xiling is simple. However, after Liu's death, Liu Gongquan buried his brother in the east. In order to commemorate their mutual humility in the cemetery, people call it Rangyi Village. But now there are no descendants of Liu Gongzhuo and Liu Gongquan in Rangyi Village and its surrounding villages, and no local people sacrificed here in the past. According to legend, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once called the court officials of the Liu family to hold a military meeting. The Liu family has a BMW, which runs very fast. Every time they go to Chang 'an, it only takes one day to get there. A traitor tried to frame the Liu family. Knowing that the officials of the Liu family were called into the palace, he followed them to the shop where they stopped at noon and stole the flying hairs of the BMW. The horse can't run away without flying hair, and official Liu failed to enter the palace on time and was sentenced to death. At that time, we had to copy the door. When the people surnamed Liu heard the news, they were anonymous and fled everywhere. So there are no descendants of Liu Gongquan here. More than two tombs of Liu Gongquan are recorded in historical books. Liu Gongquan's tomb is in Yaozhou, which was recorded in the Ming Dynasty, earlier than Liu Gongquan's tomb in Lantian. There has been a long-standing dispute about the differences in the historical records of Liu Gongquan's tomb. In fact, there are more than two places called Liu Gongquan's Tomb: Houli Village and Rangyi Village. Liu, a 73-year-old from Jean Yi Village, said that there are two legendary tombs of Liu Gongquan not far from the northeast and southeast of their village, but they are all fake tombs built to prevent the real tombs in their village from being stolen. 70-year-old Zhao told reporters that some people came to Shanxi from Yaozhou and heard from the locals that they had a tomb of Liu Gongquan. Some people speculate that it may be that after the Liu family suffered a disaster with a copy of the door, the Liu family who fled there built a fake tomb for the convenience of ancestor worship. As for Liu Gongquan's tomb in Lantian, he thinks that there is no tombstone in Lantian and it cannot be proved that it is Liu Gongquan's tomb. Liu Yinping, a native of Liujiawan Village, believes that historical materials, genealogy and legends, as well as Shiyang and China watches left in the cemetery, can prove that the tomb of Lihou Village is the tomb of Liu Gongquan. Many people in liu village think that Liu Gongquan, a famous historical figure, is simply mentioned in the Catalogue of Ancient Tombs in Lantian County because there is no special book in Lantian County Annals published by 1994, which is too neglected. Some scholars believe that due to unclear historical records, according to past archaeological experience, it is possible that one of Liu Gongquan's tombs in Lantian and Yaozhou is a real tomb and the other is a cenotaph. It is also possible that neither of them is Liu Gongquan's tomb, but someone else's tomb. I dare not jump to conclusions before archaeological excavation. But in any case, both of them are ancient tombs, which have produced corresponding history and culture, so they all have cultural value. Not only the cemetery buildings, but also the corresponding folk culture should be protected. Liu Zhe, the founding president of China Liu Clan Association, said that he had seen many genealogies of Liu's descendants, but he had never seen the genealogy of Liu Gongquan's descendants before. When planning the 40th anniversary of Liu Gongquan's death1/kloc-0 in 2005, he only knew that Liu Gongquan was born in Yaozhou. Judging from the current situation, it is very likely that Liu Gongquan's tomb is located in Lantian. Because there are no buildings on the ground, the cost of exploration is also small now. If the tomb of Liu Gongquan is discovered, it must be a major discovery in archaeological history.