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Author: Han Ye Anchor: Liu Wei
Hundreds of Classic Poems Poetic China
The 100-issue classic cultural communication of Poetic China series was jointly produced by Hubei Voice and Poetic World.
FM 104.6 The Voice of Hubei "Wewe Chan Daolai" shares interesting stories in all artistic fields. Broadcast every day from 13: 00 to 14: 00.
In 960, Zhao Kuangyin staged a coup in the latter Zhou Dynasty, forcing Emperor Zhou Gong to abdicate and establishing the Dasong Dynasty. This is the "Chen Qiao mutiny" recorded in history.
From then on, the war and division that lasted for more than 200 years since the Anshi Rebellion finally came to an end, and entered a period of national unity and relative political stability of 170 years-the Northern Song Dynasty.
During this period, Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, became the political, economic, cultural and artistic center at that time.
The rulers of the Song Dynasty learned the experience and lessons from the separatist regime and the formation of bureaucratic parties in the late Tang Dynasty, and made efforts to strengthen the centralization of monarchy. Therefore, instead of restraining them, they encouraged courtiers to feast and have fun.
Compared with previous dynasties, Song people paid the most attention to life enjoyment. And this hedonic atmosphere is the breeding ground of Song Ci.
Yucheng Wang
At the beginning of ci creation, those short and pithy words, namely "Xiao Ling", first attracted people's attention and were widely loved.
In the early Northern Song Dynasty, before 1040, Yan Shu had just entered the ci world. During this period, there were not many works, only dozens of poems by a dozen writers.
Wang Yucheng, who is mainly famous for his poems, was one of the earliest poets in the early years of Northern Song Dynasty.
The only work that has been handed down is Dianjiang Lip, but it has an important position in the history of Ci.
Rain hates clouds, and Jiangnan is still called a beauty.
Fish market in water town, a wisp of solitary smoke.
The sky is magnificent, like a tune in the distance.
Life, at this time, who will care?
This poem was written during the poet's relegation, expressing the anguish of "there is no confidant in the world". But the tone is the daydream of Hongyan spreading her wings, so the style of the poem does not seem sad and dull, but has an upward force.
Pan Lang
Pan Lang, this word is free and unfettered, and his temperament, like his words, is free and unfettered.
In his early years, he made a living by selling medicine in Beijing, and later he was recommended by eunuchs and boarded the official career. But soon the eunuch committed a crime and was locked up. Pan Lang was also implicated and fled to the mountains.
In his later years, he roamed the north and south of the river, "flying lakes and mountains, chanting at will" and living a free and easy seclusion life.
His 10 Jiuquanzi is the most famous for recalling the beautiful scenery of Hangzhou. For example, the tenth poem of Qiantang River Tide:
Long memories of watching the tide, full of people vying to see the river.
I suspect that the sea is empty and drums are beating all around.
Xiang Tao, the frolic in the frolic, stands upright and keeps the red flag wet.
I don't see the dream a few times, but I am still chilling.
This word is written about the grandeur of the Qiantang River tide and the heroism of surfers, which arouses a kind of pride that man can conquer nature and makes people excited.
Limbu
Lin Bu is indifferent and rich by nature.
It is said that he has never been married and likes to grow plums and raise cranes. This is the story source of "Mei Wife Crane".
His poems are light and lofty, the most famous of which is Xiaomei in the Mountain Garden, and he left a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages: "The shadows are shallow and the fragrance floats at dusk."
He also has an equally popular Sauvignon Blanc, which is also very popular:
Wu, Yue.
Cross-strait castle peak meets, who knows when to leave.
Your tears are full and mine are full.
The ribbon knot has not yet formed, and the river tide has leveled off.
Writing this poem about the helpless farewell of men and women in two of a kind is fresh and beautiful, with the charm of folk songs.
Bai Juyi also wrote a famous "Sauvignon Blanc", saying: Bianshui River and Sishui River flow to Guazhou Gudutou, and Wu Shan is a little sad. Think of dragons, hate dragons, hate to rest when returning, and the moon people lean on the building.
You can also see the same tension between the two.
fan zhongyan
Fan Zhongyan is one of the most outstanding politicians in the Northern Song Dynasty and a rare all-rounder among the literati.
He attaches great importance to honor, and the phrase "Worry about the world first, then enjoy the world" written in The Story of Yueyang Tower has become a new portrayal of the literati spirit in the Song Dynasty.
Fan Zhongyan once resisted Xixia invasion in northwest China for four years, and he was very effective in running the army. There is a saying in the local people: "There is a school in the army, and the western thieves are shocked to hear it."
This period of military life, integrated into his creation, has a historic masterpiece "The Pride of the Fisherman":
The scenery in Qiu Lai is different, and Hengyang Goose is unknown.
Around, the sound of the horn sounded, thousands of miles away, and the long smoke closed.
A glass of turbid wine is Wan Li's home, but Ran Yan hasn't come home yet.
Qiang tube covered with frost, people do not sleep. The general was white-haired and in tears.
The whole poem is desolate and bleak at the border, bleak at the horn, sad songs of war horses, geese returning but people are not allowed to return, generals and soldiers have boiled their hair, tears of love have run out, but the day of returning home is still far away.
Although Fan Zhongyan has the heart to save the world, the long-term "accumulation of poverty and weakness" in the Northern Song Dynasty cannot be reversed by individuals. After all, it is "God's will against the body".
Yan Shu
Yan Shu is known as "the ancestor of Ci in Northern Song Dynasty" and "Prime Minister of Taiping". /kloc-was awarded the title of prodigy at the age of 0/4, and was born in a scholar. Although he has been an official for decades, he will occasionally be relegated, but compared with Qin Guan, Su Shi and others, he is really lucky.
Yan Shu has three volumes of rain wishes and more than 130 poems, almost all of which are short and pithy.
Yan Shu has been to many places all her life, and has always tasted the taste of parting. Therefore, there are many words written in words, such as Chun:
On the grassy old road, he seemed that the couple left me easily and set off.
The dream on the roof is five minutes old, and it rains in March at the end of the flower.
Ruthless people understand the sufferings of affectionate people, and the melancholy of one inch of acacia has become thousands of strands.
Sometimes the ends of the earth are poor and lovesickness is endless.
Those who hate leaving out of love for life and love for life will be hurt by leaving.
Yan Shu is a rational poet. He has pains, but he never indulges in them. So reading his poems will always give birth to a kind of warmth and relief, such as this famous "Huanxisha":
I have always been young and limited, and it is easy to get lost when I leave.
Don't speak frequently at banquets and songs.
Mountains and rivers are far away, and falling flowers and wind and rain hurt spring even more.
It is better to pity the present.
Ouyang Xiu
Ouyang Xiu was a famous politician and an advocate of poetry innovation in the Northern Song Dynasty. He once edited the Book of the New Tang Dynasty and independently wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties, which can be described as a generation of writers.
Ouyang Xiu was a very individual propagandist among the mediocre scholar-officials in the Song Dynasty. No matter in his official career or in expressing his personal feelings, he has no scruples and goes his own way regardless of what people say.
How deep is the yard? The willow piles up smoke, but the curtain is not heavy.
Jade music carving saddle tour smelting place, the building is not high, look at Zhangtai Road.
March storm, closing at dusk, not planning to stay in spring.
Tears ask flowers silently, and red flies over the swing.
This song "Dead Hua Lian" endorsed by Ouyang Xiu describes in detail an upper-class woman in my heart forever.
The first sentence, "How deep is the courtyard", with three overlapping words, is unique, and Li Qingzhao once praised it.
Zhang Xian
Zhang Xian was the oldest poet in the Song Dynasty, at the age of 89.
Although he has never been a big official in his life, he travels between Hangzhou and Huzhou, fishing, singing and dancing, and having a concubine at the age of 85. Su Shi gave a poem saying, "The poet is old and Yingying is here, but the son is busy when he returns."
The most popular word in Zhang Xian is this "fairy":
Holding a goblet and listening to the sound of "water adjustment", I was drunk at noon, but I didn't wake up although I was awake and worried.
Send away spring, when will spring come back?
Near dusk mirror, sad past years, past and future empty.
On the beach, on the poultry pond, the clouds break the moon.
Heavy curtains obscured the light.
The wind is uncertain, people calm down first, and the sunset should be full tomorrow.
This word also won him the title of "Zhang Sanying", and the phrase "clouds break through the moon to make a shadow" is also called "three shadows" together with other two words, such as "curtain rolling shadow" and "falling wind without shadow".
In the Song Dynasty, both the monarch and the minister were proud of being able to write ci, and there were many stories in the Records of Song People who were rewarded for writing ci.
Some poets become famous stories because of their famous stories.
In addition to Zhang Xian's "Zhang Sanying card shark", there is such a thing:
Song Qi's book "The branches of red apricots are full of spring";
Qin Guan's "Wei Yun and Qin Xueshi";
Zhu He's He Mei Zi and so on.
Yan Dao Ji
Yan is Yan Shu's seventh son. Because of his background, he was appreciated by Emperor Injong in his teens and won at the starting line.
The bureaucratic system of the Song Dynasty not only gave considerable care to some aristocratic children, but also strictly guarded them to prevent them from threatening the king's power.
Therefore, compared with the life of a rich boy in his early years, since Yan became an official, his status, life and environment have plummeted.
In addition, Yan, who is arrogant, has no understanding of the world, and is the black sheep of your family. He is very bookish and the situation is even more difficult.
This kind of character and misfortune greatly influenced Yan's creative path, and his poems also revealed deep worries.
Hill Collection is mostly about his personal depression and frustration, his memories of his prosperous life in the past, and his depression.
One of Yan's representative works is Partridge Sky;
The first time I met you, in the crisp cup where I met you for the first time, it was so gentle, beautiful and affectionate that my face flushed when I took a sip.
We danced and sang heartily, exhausted, and shook the peach fan feebly, from the late-night dance of Liushao Moon until the roof outside the house fell in the middle of the night.
Since that parting, I have always missed that beautiful meeting and hugged you in my dream many times.
Tonight, I look at you with a silver lamp, but I'm afraid this meeting is in my dream.
Liu Yong
Liu Yong is the first professional poet in the history of China Ci.
Liu Yong is a key figure in the development and transformation of Song Ci. On the one hand, he had a far-reaching influence on the development of the slow word system; On the other hand, he developed the vulgarization characteristics of ci, making it more in line with the aesthetic taste of citizens and creating the "vulgar ci school".
Cold and sad. The pavilion was late and the shower began to rest.
All the accounts are not in the mood. I miss places and Lanzhou to urge me to send them.
Holding hands and looking at each other, tears swirled in my eyes until there were no words at last, and a thousand words stuck in my throat and I couldn't say it.
Thinking about thinking, thousands of miles of smoke, dusk, chutiankuo.
Since ancient times, it has been awkward and cold to leave.
Who knows where I am when I am awake tonight? Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng and the waning moon.
This is a long time, people who love each other are not together, and I even expect to be satisfied with the good weather and scenery in name only.
Even if it is full of emotions, who can enjoy it together?
-"Yu Linling"
Liu Yong's ambition to be useful to the world, however, his official career was interrupted by a novel "He Tianchong", and he could only pretend to be open-minded and call himself "Liu Sanbian".
The frustration of officialdom deepened his pain, and this unavoidable pain also made his lyrics.
Qin Guan
Qin Guan, as a master of slow ci after Liu Yong, is one of the four bachelor's degrees in Su Men, and has a close relationship with Su Shi. Political setbacks linked them together, and Qin Guan was unhappy all his life.
However, Qin Guan and Su Shi have completely different personalities, and the styles of their written words are also quite different.
Su Shi is aloof and broad-minded. No matter how many times he has gone through relegation and hardships, he can always be complacent and "sad all his life."
However, Qin Guan lacks this broad mind and firm belief, and his heart is too sensitive and thin. Therefore, deep sorrow hangs over him forever and cannot be freed.
His poems often reveal a kind of despair and sadness, which makes people feel as if their hearts are broken.
The fog is gone, the moon is gone, and Taoyuan is nowhere to be found.
The lonely pavilion closes the moon in Joan Hinton, and the cuckoo sounds in the setting sun.
Plum blossoms are sent by mail, and fish live long. This hatred has no weight.
Binjiang is lucky to go around Binshan. Who did he go to Xiaoxiang for?
-"Walking on the Beach"
Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi was not only a great politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, but also a famous writer in the Song Dynasty. He has made considerable achievements in prose and poetry, and was honored as one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" by later generations.
His most famous poem is Nostalgia at Xiang Jin Mausoleum in Gui Zhi;
This is the late autumn in the ancient country, and the weather is very early.
Thousands of miles are like a river, like clusters of Qingfeng.
Sailing towards the sunset, leaning against the west wind and leaning against the wine flag.
The colorful boat is cloudy, and the Milky Way heron rises, which is difficult to draw.
Miss the past and compete in prosperity. Sighing outside the door, sadness and hatred continue.
Throughout the ages, it is shameful to rely on height.
The past of the Six Dynasties flows with the water, cold smoke and green grass.
Today, business women are still singing, and "backyard" is a heritage.
This is a masterpiece of visiting the past. The poet pointed out the flaws behind the peace and prosperity of the Northern Song Dynasty by referring to the ancient times compared with the present.
As a progressive and sober politician, Wang Anshi is full of worries about the future and destiny of the country. However, the rulers are still intoxicated with dreams and enjoy the illusion of singing and dancing in the orchestra.
When the tide falls, the building falls, and the northern song dynasty is uneven.
Su Shi
The arrival of Su Shi once again set off a great change in the poetry circle of the Northern Song Dynasty.
As the chief innovator, Su Shi broke many creative rules and regulations, and freely expressed his free personality and bold feelings in his ci, which was summarized as the transformation of "taking poetry as ci" by contemporary people.
When did the moon begin to appear? I take my glass from a distance.
I don't know about palaces in the sky. What year is tonight?
I'm willing to ride the wind to the sky, I'm afraid I can't stand the cold for nine days in a pavilion of fine jade.
Dance to find the shadow, what is it like!
The moon turned into a scarlet pavilion, hanging low on the carved window, shining on the sleepy self.
The moon should not have any resentment against people. Why is it round when people are gone?
People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon has yin and yang, and there are gains and losses. Nothing is perfect, even in the past.
I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.
This song "Shuidiao Song Tou" was written by Su Shi on the night of Mid-Autumn Festival in memory of his younger brother Ziyou (Su Zhe). "People have joys and sorrows, and the moon is full of rain or shine. It was difficult to accomplish this in ancient times. I hope that people will last for a long time, and it is precisely because of its positive and optimistic spirit that it has comforted countless people who have suffered from parting in the future.
Su Shi once wrote a song "Set the Wind at a Mood" as a gift to a friend's concubine, saying that "this place of peace of mind is my hometown". In fact, this is also the principle of life that Su Shi has been pursuing.
"The more Wan Li laughs, the more he laughs, the more fragrant he is." Su Shi left behind not only those poems with lofty realm and great feelings. He also taught us:
In the cold wind and rain, how to be optimistic, how to "sing and walk slowly" and "let a misty rain last a lifetime"!
He Zhu
He Zhu is a poet who inherited Su Shi's style in an all-round way and pushed his poetry innovation to a deeper level after Su Shi.
He is quite rough, "seven feet long, with an iron eye", and is called "He Ghost Head". However, his lyrics are tender and tender.
Ling Bo didn't cross the pond road, just watching and letting the dust settle.
Who will kill time in Jinse?
There are flower pavilions and windows on the platform, only in spring.
Blue clouds, dusk in Ran Ran, a new topic of crayons.
How much leisure do you have?
Yichuan tobacco, city wind, plum yellow rain.
This "Jade Case" is a melancholy love song that recalls the beauty of the ideal and cannot be expected. Among them, the poet's career was bumpy and his career was not built.
He Zhu is eager to make contributions all his life. However, he was born clean and honest, and often angered powerful people, so his official position was always humble, and he was unable to settle down.
Disappointed, he retired early at the age of 58, but seclusion was not his wish, so there was always a melancholy mood in his poems.
Zhou Bangyan
Zhou Bangyan and other great poets were the terminators of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Song Huizong worshiped Ning for four years (A.D. 1 105), when Xinle was completed, the court specially set up Sheng Da House to distinguish it from Taichang, who was in charge of the old music.
This is a milestone in the history of music development in the Song Dynasty. A large number of artists who know music and are good at lyrics were taken into the government, which formed a creative atmosphere for a while. Later, they were called "Sheng Da Ci poets".
Sheng Da poets are typical representatives of imperial literati, and their works are largely transferred according to Hui Zong's likes and dislikes. The narrow life circle makes it difficult for them to seek a breakthrough in the content of lyrics, and the requirements of the court system also make their works vague.
Apart from Zhou Bangyan, there are few high achievers.
Zhou Bangyan was the most outstanding poet at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty and also the most outstanding poet in Sheng Da.
After Liu Yong and Su Shi, he reformed the Ci of the Northern Song Dynasty from the aspects of rhythm, structure and artistic techniques, thus establishing a set of creative guidelines for the Southern Song Dynasty Ci writers-halal Ci style.
Zhou Bangyan, with a loose nature, was lucky enough to meet a great god who paid attention to personal talent, and stood out early and entered the official career.
Burning agarwood, cooling off the heat, birds singing clearly, invading the eaves.
The leaves of Chuyang withered all night, the water was clear and round, and the wind and lotus rose one by one.
My hometown is far away. When will I go? I live in Wumen and have been traveling in Chang 'an for a long time.
Do the fishermen in May remember each other? Boat, dream into furongpu.
-"Su Curtain Covering"
This word is famous all over the world for describing the lotus god Fengshen, so Wang Guowei said in "Words on Earth": "This can really beat the lotus god."
Evonne, Song Huizong
Hui Zong is Zongshen's eleventh son.
During his 26 years in office, he was politically incompetent, listened to his henchmen and launched a foreign war for no reason; He lived a luxurious life, which led to the emptiness of the national treasury and the weakness of national strength, and eventually led to the demise of the country.
On the other hand, however, Hui Zong is a talented poet and artist. He can write poems, be proficient in calligraphy, and create his own "thin gold body"; Good at painting, flowers and birds, familiar with melody and good at playing.
To some extent, like Li Yu, he was brilliant, but he was put in an inappropriate position.
In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), he was captured by the Jin people and spent nearly ten years as a captive of the king in the desolate border. Shaoxing died in Wu Guocheng (now Ningyuan area of Heilongjiang Province) for five years, at the age of 54.
His most representative work is "Looking at Apricot Flowers in the North of Yanshan Pavilion", which describes the sorrow of national subjugation and the suffering of prisoners.
Cut the ice gauze, gently fold it several times, and evenly inject rouge.
New and beautiful makeup, full of fragrance, ashamed to kill Jolie's ladies-in-waiting.
Easy to wither, not to mention endless wind and rain?
Sad! Ask the courtyard desolate, when is spring and dusk?
With the hatred of sending them away, the swallows could no longer speak.
The sky is far away, and there are thousands of waters in Qian Shan. Do you know where the Forbidden City is?
Why not think about it, except that you sometimes go in your dreams.
Without evidence, dreams are new.
In 1 127, the Northern Song Dynasty, which lasted for 167, officially ended. Nomads have traveled all over the Central Plains, leaving endless storms for the Southern Song Dynasty!
What is left to the poets in the Southern Song Dynasty is the peak of Song Ci, and it is also a mixture of grief and indignation. "When pedestrians come here, they are loyal and angry, and they are in tears!"
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