Note: If you break sentences, you can refer to punctuation marks instead of marking them one by one with "/". Only do word annotation, translation and word appreciation.
3 1, Yu Yuangui does not sell Lu.
Yu Gong got on a horse and sold it, or ordered it to be sold. Yu Yun said, "If you sell it, you must have a buyer, that is, you will hurt its owner again. You'd rather be upset than move to someone else! Yesterday, Sun Shuai killed a two-headed snake, thinking that future generations and ancient beauties would talk about (2). The effect is not as good as it is! "
To annotate ...
① Yugong: Geng Liang, with a relatively correct personality, was appointed as the general of Xiliang and the secretariat of Jingzhou. Drew: The name of the horse. The most famous one in Ma Su's mouth is Lu. According to superstition, this is a fierce horse, and its owner will be in trouble.
② Sun Shuai: Ling Yin of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to Jia Yi's New Book, Sun Shuai saw a two-headed snake on the road when he was young. When he got home, he cried and said to his mother, I heard that anyone who saw a two-headed snake would definitely die, but I saw it today. When his mother asked him where the snake was, Sun Shuai said, I was afraid that people behind me would see it again, so I killed it and buried it. His mother said that if you are kind-hearted, you will be rewarded. Don't worry.
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Yu Liang rode a horse named Luma and told him to sell it. Yu Liang said, "If you sell it, you need a buyer. Then you have to hurt the buyer. How can you pass it on to others because it is not good for you? Once upon a time, Sun Shuai killed the two-headed snake to protect the people who came from behind, which was praised by people in ancient times. Isn't it broad-minded for me to learn from him? "
Make an appreciative comment
Yu Liang's virtue of self-sacrifice or unwillingness to harm others is really worth learning. This is also in line with Confucius' thought of "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you". I know Luma is a fierce horse that can harm people, and I will not sell it at will and let it harm people.
32. Ruan Guanglu burned the car.
Ruan Guanglu once had a good car and all the borrowers gave it to him. Someone buried his mother, but he wanted to borrow it but was afraid to ask. Hearing this, Ruan sighed, "I have a car, and no one else dares to borrow it. Why is it a car? " Then be greedy.
To annotate ...
Ruan Guanglu: Ruan Yu was appointed as the magistrate of Dongyang with a broad mind, and later called Dr. Jin Guanglu, but refused to take office. But his official name is also Ruan Guanglu. Shan county: that is, twenty-four Li Shan county. Ruan Yu came home from work and lived in Shanshan.
Why the car is: What do you want the car to do? "Why ... for" is an idiom of rhetorical questions in classical Chinese.
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Ruan Yu, a doctor of Guanglu, had a good car when he was in Shan County. No matter who borrowed it from him, there was no one who didn't. A man wanted to bury his mother and borrow his car, but he was afraid to ask. Ruan Yu later heard about it and sighed, "I have a car, but I dare not borrow it. What do I need a car for? " Burn the car.
Make an appreciative comment
Ruan Yu burned the car because others were afraid to borrow it from him. Modern people often take pride in making others afraid. Don't you know that virtuous people are not proud of being afraid, but ashamed of being ashamed? Ruan Yu is really a model of good people!
Xie An warned his brother in childhood.
Xie Yi ordered an old man to break the law. He was punished for drinking and even getting drunk, but he hasn't. The teacher is seven or eight years old, wearing blue trousers, sitting on his brother's knee and remonstrating, saying, "Brother, the old man misses you. How can he do this!" ② Yi then changed his face and said, "Anu wants to ward off evil spirits?" ③ Then send it.
To annotate ...
Rank: refers to the county rank, the chief executive of the county. Jiugui Liquor: Liquor with high alcohol content.
2 teacher: official name, here refers to Xie An. Xie An, whose real name is Anshi, is Xie Yi's younger brother. Later, he worked as a librarian, recorded the history of this book, took it to Taibao, and gave it to a teacher after his death. Knee side: On the knee. "Edge" is universal and has no definite orientation meaning, just like "in front of the knee" in Rule 6. Jian: exhortation. Read: poor; Compassion.
3 capacity: face; The look on her face. Anu: a nickname for young people. Here, brothers are called brothers.
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When Xie Yi was a county magistrate, an old man broke the law. Xie Yi punished him with wine, even drunk, but he kept punishing him. Xie An is only seven or eight years old, wearing a pair of blue trousers and sitting on his brother's lap. He urged, "Brother, how poor the old man is! How could he do such a thing! " Xie Yi's face softened at once and said, "Are you going to let him go?" So he sent the old man away.
Make an appreciative comment
This incident shows that Xie An knows how to respect the elderly when he is free. How like a three-year-old child! If others do something wrong or commit a crime, the punishment is right, but it should be moderate, and you can't take pleasure in punishing others, thus losing the original intention of punishing others and the role of movie friends.
34. Xie Taifu is absolutely heavy on Gong Chu.
Master Xie is very attached to it and often says, "Chu doesn't say anything, but the four seasons are also prepared." ①
To annotate ...
① Chu (chǔ) Gong: refers to Chu Zuo (póu), whose real name is. He used to be the secretariat of Yanzhou and gave it to a teacher after his death. The Book of Jin Chu Ci says: Huan Yi thinks that "there is autumn in the wild", that is to say, although he doesn't talk about the good or bad of others, he has praise and criticism in his heart. Chang: I used to "taste" Qi: Meteorology refers to cold, hot, rainy, cloudy and sunny phenomena.
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Teacher Xie An has great respect for Chu and once praised him: "Although Chu doesn't say anything, he knows right and wrong in his heart, just like the weather all year round."
Make an appreciative comment
This incident can explain at least two points: the first point is that Xie An can recognize people, and his evaluation of Chu Zuoren is accurate, and he knows the advantages and disadvantages of Chu Zuoren; Second, Xie An can respect talented people. These two points are very important qualities and accomplishments of leading cadres.
35. Liu Wei refused to commit adultery before he died.
Liu Yin was dying in the county seat. When she heard your words "divine revelation", she said seriously, "Don't sacrifice her!" Please kill the cow in the car outside to sacrifice to God. A long answer: "We have been praying for a long time, so don't bother!" " ③
To annotate ...
① Liu Yin: Liu Yi (tán), the chief executive of Danyang County, where Kyoto is located. Chuǒ: The breath is weak. The fear of death. Pavilion: the place of Buddha. Temple: Sacrifice. This is a prayer to get rid of the disease. Encourage: to inspire. This is a ritual of offering sacrifices to the gods.
(2) immoral: immoral. Sacrifice should not be sacrificed, that is, sacrifice that does not conform to etiquette is called lewd sacrifice.
3 cows in the car: drive cows. Cattle carts were often used in Jin Dynasty, and it was also common to kill and drive cattle for sacrifice. The mountain has been praying for a long time: this sentence comes from the Analects of Confucius. Once, Confucius (Qiu Ming) was seriously ill, and his disciple Luz asked for permission to pray to God. Confucius said, "Qiu prayed for a long time" (I have prayed for a long time) and politely refused Luz's request. Liu Yi likes Zhuangzi's learning, which is purely natural, so he doesn't want to sacrifice to God.
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Before he died, when Liu Yin was in office, he heard that the venerable master was beating gongs and drums, dancing and holding sacrifices, and he said seriously, "Don't sacrifice indiscriminately!" Subordinates demanded to kill cows and drive cars to sacrifice to God. Liu Zhenchang replied: "I have been praying for a long time, so don't do anything disturbing the people!" "
Make an appreciative comment
Liu Jiao is a qualified leader. He did his duty to manage the people until his death. He really did his best like Zhuge Liang. Being an official for the people is easier said than done, but Liu Wei did it. This is really worth pondering by all officials.
36. Xie An sets an example to educate his son.
Mrs. Xie Gongjiao asked the teacher, "I haven't seen your teacher at first?" Answer: "I often teach my children by myself."
To annotate ...
(1) "I often" sentence: It means that a son can imitate what he is doing when he sees and hears it. This is an example.
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When Xie An's wife was teaching her son, she asked Xie An, a teacher, "How come you never taught your son?" Xie An replied, "I often teach my son with my words and deeds."
Make an appreciative comment
Xie An's educational method is called teaching by example. As the saying goes, "example is better than words", which is really reasonable! Especially for children, it is still in the stage of imitation learning, and "setting an example" is even more important.
37. Jian Wendi won't hurt others with rats.
When Kim was an ambush, he sat on the bed, and the dust didn't listen to him. He felt better when he saw the mouse. If you join the army and see a mouse walking during the day, you will kill it with a hand board, and you won't say (2). A bullet shot at the door, and the teacher said, "I can't forget the murder of the mouse;" Now it's okay to harm people with rats? " ③
To annotate ...
① Jin: Sima Yi (Yu) in the Jin Dynasty, succeeded to the former king of Huiji, served as general Fujun, and later served as general and prime minister of Fujun. In ancient times, bedding was called bed, and seating was also called bed. Listen: listen; Let it go.
2 join the army; The official name is the official name set by the shogun. Handboard: that is, "water", a long and narrow board held by subordinates when they meet their superiors, on which they can write notes. I have been used to holding hands since Wei and Jin Dynasties. Mass murder: murder. Say: spread "yue" and be happy. Press: It's probably because you are unhappy and blamed, so the following means "using mice to harm people".
3 under the door: door guests, idle people raised by famous families, teaching: telling. Nothing: I'm afraid. Used to express a mild rhetorical question.
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When Kim was a Fujun general, he sat on the bed and refused to dust himself. When he saw the footprint of the mouse walking on it, he thought it was beautiful. A soldier saw the mouse come out during the day and killed it with a hand board. Jun Fu was very unhappy about it. His thought that his doorman stood up and impeached (the one who joined the army), Jun Fu taught his doorman: "I still can't forget the mouse when it was killed;" Now I'm going to hurt someone for a mouse, I'm afraid I can't? "
Make an appreciative comment
Jian Wendi likes to look at the footprints of mice, because he thinks the footprints of mice on dusty beds are beautiful, which in itself doesn't make much sense, because his hobby was destroyed by one of his soldiers (he killed the mice), and he felt very unhappy, which seems to be a bit of a fuss and a plaything. This is not a good thing or an advantage. But he didn't punish the people who joined the army, but his doorman impeached the people who joined the army. Comparing the two, we can see that Jian Wendi is virtuous and important, while the public is unreasonable and ignorant, and he also shows the bad behavior of flattery. The article shows the different personalities and levels of different characters through comparison.
38. Fan Xuan knew filial piety at the age of eight.
Fan Xuannian was eight years old, picking vegetables in the backyard, accidentally hurt his finger and cried. People ask, "Pain and evil?" Answer: "If it weren't for pain, I would have skin peeling, and I wouldn't dare to hurt it, but I would cry my ears." Xuan Jie kept his promise, and Han left a hundred silks, which was not affected by ③. Subtract fifty horses and you won't get it again; Half a horse, no charge. After getting on the boat, Han and Fan Er said separately in the car, "People would rather die than die?" (4) Fan laughed at it.
To annotate ...
① Fan Yi: Zi Xuan, born in poverty and advocating Confucian classics. Living in Zhang Yu County, he was later called a doctor of Imperial College and a scattered rider, so he refused. Pick: pick and dig; Dig it out.
② "Body" sentence: The Book of Filial Piety says: "Parents dare not harm the body and skin, so filial piety begins." Body, trunk. Body, head and limbs.
3 abstinence: high moral character. Cheap agreement: honesty and frugality. Han: Han Bo, also known as the magistrate, was the official to Danyang Yin. Legacy: A gift.
Four words (kūn): pants.
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When Fan Xuan was eight years old, he once dug vegetables in the backyard and accidentally hurt his finger. Just tears streaming down her face. Others asked, "Does it hurt?" He replied, "It's not because of pain, but because my body aches and I dare not hurt, so I cry." Fan Xuan is virtuous, honest and thrifty, once. Han Taishou gave a hundred silks and refused to accept them. Reduce to 50 horses, or don't accept it; In this way, he was halved and finally reduced to a horse, but he still refused. Later, Han invited Fan Xuantong to take a ride, tore two zhangs of silk in the car and gave it to Fan Xuan, saying, "Can a person leave his wife without trousers?" Fan Xuancai took the silk with a smile.
Make an appreciative comment
The short word 100 shows two things. One thing shows Fan Yi's filial piety. He was injured physically, not because of pain, but because it was unfilial to his parents to destroy his "body". The second thing shows Fan Yi's honesty and integrity. He is not influenced by private affairs. The language expression of Shi Shuo Xin Yu is really strong.
39. Wang Xianzhi's first pass
Wang Zijing is seriously ill, so Taoist Zhang should first ask him about the origin, similarities and differences, gains and losses. Amethyst: "I don't think I have anything else to do, but I remember divorcing the Xi family."
To annotate ...
① Wang Zijing: Wang Xianzhi, Zi Zi Amethyst, son of Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in Jin Dynasty. He believes in five doors. "Tao" sentence: Taoism originally refers to an academic school, here refers to Taoism, especially the five doorways. This is a Taoist group, not founded by Zhang Ling in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which uses magic to exorcise evil spirits and cure diseases. He who gains the Tao will be given five measures of rice. If you are sick, please ask the Taoist priest to make a chapter form, indicate the patient's name and the meaning of confession, and pray to God to eliminate disasters and solve problems. This is called a chapter. It is the first time for a patient to confess his sins. Origin; Always; All the time. Similarities and differences gain and loss: Similarities and differences gain and loss are two complicated words. Similarities and differences are different, that is, different from usual; Gains and losses refer to losses, that is, negligence and fault.
② Jia: Marry Tan's daughter and divorce.
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Wang Zijing was very ill, so he asked a Taoist priest to preside over the above prayers. I should admit my mistake. The Taoist asked Amethyst what his anomalies and shortcomings were. Amethyst said, "I can't remember anything else, but I remember divorcing the Xi family."
Make an appreciative comment
Wang Xianzhi had no fault in his life and had a clear conscience. However, until my death, I still remember my divorce from my family, probably because it had a bad influence on the reputation of the Wang family, or hurt my family and his ex-wife. Wang Xianzhi has no self-interest and no remorse. There is only someone else in his heart. This noble virtue is really unusual.
40. Yin Zhongkan picked up the rice grain.
Since Yin Zhongkan is Jingzhou, it is worth saving water. He often eats five bowls and five dishes, and there is nothing left outside. When the rice drops from the plate, you should pick it up. Although you want to rate things, it is also because of their true colors. Children in every language say, "Don't treat me like your boss. I am difficult to get along with now. Poor people are often, how can they donate money? ⑤ Cao Qicun ⑤! "
To annotate ...
① Yin Zhongkan: In the 17th year of Taiyuan (AD 392), Emperor Xiaowu of Jin was appointed as the secretariat of Jingzhou, and in the 19th and 20th years of Taiyuan, Jingzhou and Xuzhou were flooded. He believes in Shi Tiandao and lives frugally, but he never borrows money to buy things. Water saving: this year because of the bad flood. Thrift: the harvest is not good. Some people think that "saving water and saving money" should be decomposed into "saving water and saving money", so "saving money" should mean "saving money". You can say both. Five bowls and five plates: A complete set of tableware in the south of ancient China, which consists of a tray and five bowls placed in the tray. Small in size (see Luo Xiaoping's Knowledge of Literature and History, No.5, 199 1). Eat it.
2 rate: lead people and set an example for others. Su Zhen: Sincere and simple; Simple.
3 weeks: state. Hu (Ⅱ): Abandon. Time meaning: time custom.
4 often: normal. "How to get it" sentence: It means that you can't abandon the trunk just because you have climbed high branches, and it means that you can't forget the basics of being a man just because you are in a high position.
⑤ Its: an adverb of mood indicating command and advice, which can be roughly translated as "return, want".
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Yin Zhong noticed that he was suffering from floods and poor harvests when he passed through Jingzhou Secretariat. He usually eats with only five bowls and plates, except for no other meat dishes. The rice fell on the plate or table and was immediately picked up and eaten. Although I want to set a good example for everyone, I do it because of his simple nature. He often tells his sons and nephews, "Don't abandon your usual habits just because I am the governor of a state. Now my habits have not changed. Poverty is the normal state of a scholar. How can you lose the foundation of being an official? You must remember my words! "
Make an appreciative comment
Yin Zhong's frugality comes from the heart, especially from in our nature. What he often says to his son and nephew shows that he is a man who never forgets his roots. People often say "wealth transfers people" and "time transfers people". There are very few people who have money and never forget their roots. Yin Zhongkan is one of these few people. This has important reference significance for modern society.