Reading refers to the process of obtaining symbols and words prepared by others and identifying, understanding, and analyzing them. Sometimes it is also accompanied by the act of reading, appreciating, memorizing, and learning knowledge. Below I will bring you some good ways to read. I hope you like it!
1. Eight ways to read
Borrow and read excerpts. In the old days, there was a shortage of revolutionary books. When Xu Teli was in Hunan, he heard that a book and newspaper circulation agency had two volumes of "History of the United Communist Party of China", so he went to borrow it and copy it. He did not copy the whole thing, but copied parts and analyzed them in detail. In this way, you can get the three points of obedience, mind and hands, so that you can have a profound understanding.
Read selectively. Wu Changshuo read a lot of books and once said to his disciples: "Don't read books blindly. First read the preface and read the end. If it's not good, don't read it. Read the good ones. Only those that are extremely valuable are worth the effort and effort. Otherwise, how much effort do you have? Can you spend it on it? ”
Read in between. When the scholar Gu Jiegang accompanied his wife to the doctor, he would also take a book and read it. If he gained something, he would write it down in his notebook when he returned. In 35 years, he kept as many as 160 volumes of notes.
Read "gnaw" and "enlighten". The writer Zhang Xianliang was labeled as a "rightist" and sent to a farm for ten years. The only thing he could read was a copy of "Das Kapital". He read it "gnawing" and "enlightenment". He said: "In ancient times, literati read the Four Books and Five Classics in the middle of the night when the lights were cold, and based on these, they could write articles with great clarity and clarity." He likes the works of the American writer Faulkner, but he never writes in detail. Reading is just about flipping through the pages, and using literary understanding to appreciate the essence of the author's creation.
Select Read. Zhu Guangqian said: You must know that reading is like an adventure. You cannot rely entirely on other people's guidance. You must also spend some time searching for it yourself. Others can only introduce you, and the decision is up to you. He believes: "Instead of reading a thousand volumes of poetry, it is better to read a copy of "Guo Feng" or "Nineteen Ancient Poems"; instead of reading a thousand volumes of Greek philosophy, it is better to read a copy of Plato's "Utopia"."
Read again. The German philosopher Dietzgen said: "Repetition is the mother of learning." For some difficult books, he insisted on reading them again and again until he understood them. He said: When I read a book about a problem that I don't understand, the method I use is to first get a superficial understanding of the problem, first go through many pages and many chapters, and then read it again from the beginning. Gain sophisticated knowledge.
Cross reading. Theorist Hu Qiaomu has 136 three-meter-high bookshelves and a private collection of more than 30,000 volumes. He has no hobbies. One way to rest is to read five books with completely different contents at the same time, such as books on philosophy, foreign novels, politics, scripts, and natural sciences. He reads them crosswise at the same time to change his mind. At the same time, I gained something from my brain.
"Weird" reading. Taiwanese writer Li Ao cherishes the information in the book more than the book itself. He often photocopies the important information in the book, or tears it out directly, and then makes a "special collection" of categories, which is called "Absorbing the Essence of the Sun and the Moon". When he has absorbed all the "essence" in the book, this book It doesn't mean much to him. He doesn't have much objection to giving it away, selling it or throwing it away.
2. Tips for reading
1. Read it several times and summarize the content after reading.
2. Read it first, then recall it.
3. Read the book page by page, and read the good sentences aloud to deepen the impression.
4. When you meet heroes, scientists, etc., remember his or her name and read it. His (her) profile
5. Browse first, and then read carefully when you encounter exciting parts
6. Choose good books for intensive reading, and some casual books can be read extensively
7. Take a quick look and then read carefully, read carefully, repeatedly and carefully
8. Recite loudly for a thorough understanding
9. Read while reading , while making comments on the book, excerpting good words, sentences and paragraphs
10. Take notes frequently, and write a review after reading each book
11. Wash your hands before reading , read the book with care, and put the book back to its original place after reading
12. When you read political information, write it down to understand it
13. Sit in a correct posture. Read carefully
14. Draw useful things while reading to help memory
15. Be detailed and brief, absorb the essence
16. Read first Take a look at the table of contents and introduction, then read it carefully. If you don’t understand, read it again
17. If you have any questions, ask your teacher or classmates, or look up information to solve them
18. Read the introduction first , understand whether it is suitable, and then read it carefully if it is suitable
19. Find a paragraph or central sentence of an article to read carefully
20. Write down your feelings, inspirations and insights at the end of the article
3. Ten methods of reading
(1) Extensive reading
Extensive reading means extensive reading, which means that the reading should be broad and cover all aspects. Knowledge, common sense. It is necessary to read books not only on natural sciences, but also on social sciences. Excellent works of various styles from ancient and modern times, both at home and abroad, should be read extensively in order to learn from the strengths of others and broaden their ideas. When writing "Das Kapital", Marx studied 1,500 kinds of books and collected a large amount of preparation materials through reading.
(2) Intensive reading
Zhu Xi said in "The Essentials of Reading": "In general, when you read, you must first read it thoroughly so that everything you say comes from my mouth; then Think carefully so that everything you say comes from my heart, and then you can save it." Here, "read carefully and think carefully" is the meaning of intensive reading. That is to say, we should read carefully and think deeply, ponder and study repeatedly, analyze and evaluate at the same time, and strive to understand it thoroughly and understand it in the heart, so as to absorb the essence. This approach should be adopted for books and famous works in this major. Only by careful study, careful chewing, and the "micro-speech and essence" of the article can "the more you dig out, the more you dig out, the more you grind, the more refined it becomes." It can be said that intensive reading is the most important method of reading.
(3) Comprehensive reading
That is, reading books, newspapers and magazines from beginning to end, with the intention of understanding them. Read through and understand the whole picture in order to get a complete impression and achieve the effect of "bird's eye view". This method can be adopted for more important books, newspapers and magazines.
(4) Skip reading
This is a jumping method of reading. You can put aside the irrelevant content in the book, grasp the context of the book, and focus on grasping the points of each paragraph. Sometimes when you encounter a question while reading, and you can't figure it out after repeated thinking, you can skip over it and continue reading backwards, so that you can make the connection from front to back.
(5) Speed ??reading
This is a method of reading quickly, which is what Tao Yuanming advocated as "reading well, not asking for deep understanding". You can use the "scanning method" to quickly browse the article at a glance and understand only the main idea. This method can speed up the reading speed and expand the amount of reading, and is suitable for reading similar books or reference books.
(6) Skimming
This is a method of reading roughly. You can flip through it casually to get a general idea; you can also just grab the key sentences of the comments to clarify the main points and understand them. The main facts or typical examples. This part of the content is often at the beginning or end of the article, so focus on the title, introduction or end to get a general understanding and achieve the purpose of reading.
(7) Read again
Valuable books and magazines cannot be read just once, but can be studied repeatedly to "review the past and learn the new." The famous thinker and writer Voltaire believed that "rereading an old book is like meeting an old friend again." Repetition is the mother of learning. Repeated learning is conducive to deepening the understanding of knowledge and is also an enhancer to deepen memory.
(8) Writing and reading
The ancients said: "You can't read without using pen and ink". There is also a saying that "a good memory is not as good as a bad pen". Combining reading with making excerpts, memorizing experiences, and writing articles, using hands and brain, can not only accumulate a large amount of materials, but also effectively improve writing skills, enhance reading ability, and transform knowledge into skills and techniques.
(9) Preface reading
Before reading, you can read the preface and examples first to understand the summary of the content, clarify the program and purpose of writing the book, and read in a guided manner. After reading, you can also read the preface and examples again to deepen your understanding, consolidate and improve.
(10) Reading selection
It means making choices when reading. Throughout the ages, humankind has been extremely rich in cultural treasures. After all, a person's energy is limited. If you read without any choice and grab your eyebrows and beard, you will not get good results. You can choose books and read them in a targeted manner based on your own situation, so as to achieve twice the result with half the effort.
Edison studied for invention. In order to invent the "incandescent lamp", he read through various books and periodicals in the library and took 90,000 pages of notes. In order to invent a new model of typewriter, he borrowed relevant books and periodicals from the library, which were about 3 feet thick. He finished it in just two or three nights. How does he read these books and periodicals? It was impossible for him to study this 3-foot-thick book from beginning to end in two or three nights. He only collected the parts related to his invention of the new typewriter and passed the rest.
Einstein said that he only absorbs and grasps things that lead to deeper learning and research, and throws away everything that deviates from the point and overburdens the mind. He said that he would not remember anything that was in the book, only what was not in the book. This is to pass all the things in the book that cannot lead to profound knowledge.
The same goes for Hua Luogeng. It would take him ten days and a half to read a thick book, but he could finish it in one or two nights. What does he think? Of course it’s not like picking up a book and reading from the first word to the last word. After he gets the book, he should lie in bed and think about it, asking himself: How should I write this book? After thinking about it, pick up the book and read it again. Pass all the parts that you have already understood in the past. Only look at the parts that you haven't drilled and the parts that you haven't drilled through. He believes that a book often provides only a little bit of new information, so only the parts that contain new information should be read. For the known parts, you don’t need to read every word carefully, just jump over, go around, and pass quickly.
To become a talented person, you must read more. The more you read, the faster you can read many books. Because you have already read some books in the past and already know the contents, you should pass quickly and read the unknown parts directly. .