Summary: Due to the cultural backwardness of the early Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago, there were languages but no characters. At this time, the Chinese writing system in the Central Plains has been very perfect and developed. Handed down through various channels (for example, the Korean Peninsula surrendered to Middle-earth long ago and naturally entered the official system), and directly entered the cultural system of officials, officials and elites, all ancient books, marks, documents, laws, classic bibliographies, complete Chinese characters, ancient buildings and so on. What's more, calligraphy itself should be based on a kind of writing, and calligraphy is dominated by elites and cultural classes in various countries. For example, the official characters used by elites are actually Chinese characters.
To put it simply, there are languages and scripts all over the world, and some ethnic groups have languages but no scripts. A big country with a long history is generally rich in writing and language, and its words are not so rigorous: Japan borrowed from the past from the Five Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty. As a "normal body", Chinese characters are all Chinese characters, including books. The early scattered tribes in Japan were similar, with language but no writing. In the Tang Dynasty, we were much more advanced than them. Chinese characters directly entered the documents and official notices of the ruling class. After all, Chinese characters at that time were more complicated and difficult to understand than local people, so pseudonyms were invented instead of "real names", which simplified Chinese characters with regular symbols and reduced the difficulty of learning and using them. Over time, it has evolved into Hiragana and Katakana, which are said to come from cursive Chinese characters and italic Chinese characters respectively, making a simplified mark for Chinese characters (we can understand it as pinyin). If you look at Japanese glyphs, you will know that they use a part of a large individual's Chinese characters as symbols to represent a Chinese character, and some of them replace the whole. After Japanese characters are standardized, they are somewhat similar to our pinyin to distinguish commonly known katakana and hiragana. In ancient times, Japanese could not be registered in formal places, but it gradually developed. Now Japan basically relies on these "pseudonyms" to improve the Japanese system, which is roughly the case, even after the emergence of Japanese. For example, some official institutions and large buildings still use Chinese characters. I think Chinese characters look good and are more formal and rigorous than Japanese. Even modern large buildings have many traditional Chinese characters, such as the logo of Tokyo University.
The symbols of Japanese universities are simpler in Korea, where there are no words for a long time. In addition, from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, North Korea and North Korea were both affiliated institutions of the United States. No matter how the suzerain changes, North Korea and South Korea always follow the suzerain. Korea affiliated 1500 years, it is said that the Korean peninsula used men earlier. In 2000, it almost followed the development of China culture. Ancient Korean literati also studied the Four Books and Five Classics and took part in the imperial examinations. In fact, it is understandable for modern Koreans to say that China xxx is a Korean, because they are born to study these things and are naturally homologous in consciousness. Of course, politicians do not necessarily think so. Use it if it's good for him, or waste it if it's bad. Their monarch's attitude towards Han can be imagined, which is even worse than our attitude towards Japan. If we look at Vietnam, the situation is similar. It is only a matter of time before North Korea abolishes Chinese characters. Korean characters have a history of only a few hundred years, probably created around Ming Dynasty 1440. Many meanings cannot be expressed due to the inherent defects such as the forced creation of characters by Emperor Sejong of Korea and the simple (phonetic) system of Korean characters, which are similar to computer gray scale: 1, 2,4,8. Their gray scale is particularly small, especially their feelings. Chinese characters can easily write more than six different words to describe feelings. Many original Chinese texts can be expressed in Korean, so there are always a few Chinese characters in Korean publications, newspapers and a long article. In addition, Korean is a phonetic symbol with no tone. Unlike Chinese pinyin, which has four tones, this leads to many stressed words, and the same word actually has more than a dozen meanings. In this case, you have to guess from the context, so it is a very incomplete text. Japanese can be compared with the pinyin of Chinese characters: 100 years ago, Chinese characters were not written in pinyin, but only in glyphs. In ancient times, Latin letters came later, so Chinese characters were described by Pinyin. In many cases, Japanese means pinyin for Chinese characters.
Korea East Asia Daily
The invention of Korean was originally called "Proverbs" (Korea:? /Proverbs), the original meaning of Proverbs is "proverbs". Compared with Chinese, Korean is called "proverbs" or "proverbs". Therefore, the word "proverb" has the meaning of "words expressing common sayings (Korean)". Later, the name "Proverbs" was widely used until modern Korean Japanese occupied it. Articles written with this word were also called "proverbs" in ancient times, and this name was used correspondingly to "real books (Chinese)". This title, which regards Chinese characters as orthodox characters and regards Chinese characters as non-formulaic characters, also exists in Japan. For example, in ancient Japan, Chinese characters were called "real names" and "pseudonyms". A large number of homonyms, such as stories, ancient temples, old sayings, parting and death, are all written as "?" . So we must judge the literal meaning according to the context. The proverb "set fire to prevent fire" is exactly the same! When I was in junior high school, I wondered why many Korean middle school students' soft pen calligraphy posts (mainly regular script) were so well written that they were basically consistent with the templates of several major domestic calligraphers. In fact, Korean literate parents still think that Chinese characters are more beautiful, wider and more cultured.
Japanese youth calligraphy competition
South Korea and North Korea used China Chinese characters for more than 1000 years, which must be the descendants of Chinese culture, but why did they abolish China Chinese characters later? First of all, because the language of North Korea belongs to Altai language family, which is different from the Sino-Tibetan language family in China, the ancient culture of North Korea is backward and it has never invented its own characters, so it can only use China Chinese characters. However, Chinese characters still cannot fully express the pronunciation of Korean and the thoughts and feelings of the Korean people. Ordinary Korean civilians don't understand Chinese characters at all. Only North Korean nobles and officials can use Chinese characters, which is called "official reading". Ordinary Korean civilians can only communicate orally, and their life knowledge, accumulated agricultural farming experience and farming methods cannot be passed down for a long time.
By the time of King Sejong of Korea in 1446, that is, during the Ming Dynasty in China, Korea, as a vassal state of China, had made certain progress in politics, economy, culture, science and technology, and military affairs, so the Korean people had a strong desire to have their own national character. Sejong is very sympathetic to the people's situation. Sejong, as a korean king who wants to develop national culture and promote national independence, began to think hard and dream of creating a unique one. When Sejong invented Korean characters, he was inspired by music and northern nomadic pinyin characters, and learned that a simple music notation (1 2 3 4 5 6 7) can record all the music in the world, so a relatively simple pinyin character should also be able to record all the Korean sounds, thus spelling out Korean characters. Therefore, Sejong organized many outstanding scholars in the "Jixian Hall" in North Korea at that time, including himself, and specially sent a well-known North Korean scholar to China for more than a dozen times to study and learn the essence of Chinese characters. After 30 years, he finally invented and created Korean characters in 1446, so North Korea finally had its own national characters after using China Chinese characters for nearly a thousand years.
King Sejong (14 18- 1450), who is proficient in Confucianism, strongly advocates philosophical concepts other than Confucian values, is well-read and politically astute, and can deal with two types of Korean scholars (two types: Korean scholars who are both' nobles' and' officials' and enjoy high politics. During his reign, he showed positive thoughts in national management, phonetics, nationality, economics, science, music, medicine and humanities research. He established Jixian Hall to promote the study of tradition, politics and economy. One of his most famous achievements is the creation of the Korean alphabet.
South Korea's "training Andrew" began.
It is in this context that "training people in Andrew" came into being. King Sejong wrote in the preface of the announcement: "China characters are based on the history of China, so they can't clearly express the unique context of North and South Korea, and can't fully express the thoughts and feelings of ordinary people. Considering the actual situation of China people, I created these 28 letters (note: after the evolution and merger of letters, modern Korean society only uses 24 letters, two less than 26 English letters, which is recognized by European and American scholars as simplified pinyin). These letters are easy to learn and hope to improve the quality of life of every Korean national. " From this preface, we can see King Sejong's persistence and dedication to South Korea's cultural independence and people's prosperity.
King Sejong, who created the Korean phonetic alphabet, and the bachelors in Jixian Temple believe that human pronunciation is not just a simple physiological phenomenon, but a more powerful force dominates this behavior, although people can't see it. They believe that human pronunciation, strokes of characters and all cosmic phenomena are closely related to the Yin-Yang and Five Elements of Taoism in China, and thus it is inferred that sound is inevitably related to seasonal changes and music. The syllables of Korean are divided into three parts, namely consonants, vowels and endings, which are the basis for King Sejong and the bachelor of Jixian Hall to create Korean characters. The ending is not created separately, but based on the repetition of consonants. Therefore, Korean is a good phonetic writing, which combines vowels and consonants fully and effectively.
Korean Chinese character plaque "Guanghua Building" Korean proverbs are the same as those in folk languages. Proverbs are second-rate languages because of their low political and cultural status. Only the "official reading characters" used by nobles and officials belong to the first-class Korean characters. The early Korean phonetic symbols were proverbs, and now the proverbs are China Chinese characters. There are actually three kinds of Korean ancient Chinese characters: 1, and pure Chinese characters: the grammar rules of China are completely used. 2. Official reading: Spell Korean with Chinese characters, but keep the meaning and basic grammar of Chinese characters. 3. Pure Korean characters: phonography created by Sejong of Korea, the "proverbs" of ancient Korea. Although 1446 means the official birth of Korean, it does not mean the real use of Korean Pinyin. Due to the strong cultural influence of Korean characters in northern China, Korean Pinyin has always existed as "Korean Pinyin", which is used by Korean women and Koreans with low education level, and is called "proverbs" of second-rate characters, while Korean nobles and officials continue to use Chinese characters "official reading characters". The widespread use of Korean phonetic symbols began in the early 20th century, 450 years later than Sejong's promulgation of "training citizens to pronounce correctly". Why? Of course, this is not in line with the original intention of Sejong 450 years ago, and it is also a historical problem: Korean pinyin characters were still regarded as "proverbs" until the end of 19, and they were regarded as second-rate characters in Korea like "proverbs". What caused Koreans to suddenly improve the status of phonetic symbols used by women and civilians after 450 years, and put their status right and become the official language in just a few decades? Moreover, China Chinese characters, an elegant official script that has been used for thousands of years, have almost been completely eliminated by North Korea and South Korea, and the status of Chinese characters has been reduced from mother books to "proverbs"? The Korean Constitution is also a great sight, with Chinese characters accounting for more than 25%.
President of the National Assembly of the Republic of Korea? Chengyang
The use of Chinese characters in Korea is very complicated. Although both China and South Korea belong to the cultural circle of Chinese characters, Chinese characters have a long history in Korea. However, after Korea broke away from Japanese colonial rule in 1945, due to the changes in the international political environment, the Korean government gradually rejected Chinese character education. 1948, South Korea promulgated the "Korean Special Law for Purifying Putonghua", which prohibited the public use of Chinese characters.
This directly led to a whole generation of Koreans who didn't understand Chinese characters at all.
After all, Chinese characters have been circulating on the Korean peninsula for nearly 2000 years, and its historical influence cannot be easily erased. In view of the pressure of public opinion, the Korean government began to revise the policy of completely abolishing the use of Chinese characters and gradually resumed the Chinese character education in junior and senior high schools. In 2005, the South Korean government announced that it would fully resume the use of Chinese characters and Chinese characters signs that have disappeared for many years in all fields, such as official documents and traffic signs.
Koreans have long argued about Chinese characters. On May 2016 12, the Korean Constitutional Court held an open debate on whether the provisions of the Basic Law on Chinese Language and Characters regarding the use of pure Korean were unconstitutional.
The Korean people shouted "Long live China"
South Korea's Chinese Basic Law points out that "proverbs are the inherent characters for memorizing Chinese" and that "official documents of government agencies must conform to language norms and must be written in proverbs. Only when the presidential decree is formulated can it be marked in Chinese characters or other foreign languages, followed by brackets. "
The Korean Language Policy Normalization Promotion Committee believes that such regulations exclude Chinese characters from the national language and count them as foreign languages; In addition, it is a mixture of Chinese characters and proverbs with the Korean Constitution itself, which is actually different from the Basic Law of Mandarin.
The movement of eliminating Chinese characters in Korea only began in the last century. Earlier, Korean characters, like Japanese, were a mixture of proverbs and Chinese characters. Chinese characters write content words, proverbs write function words and inherent content words. It's a bit like the division between Chinese characters and pseudonyms in Japanese. Presumably, when Alpha Dog defeated Li Shishi 4-/kloc-0, everyone had seen the nine certificates awarded to Alpha Dog by Korean Chess Institute.
1948, South Korea implemented the Law on Special Usage of Proverbs (ハングル usage), stating that "official documents of the Republic of Korea must be written in proverbs. However, in the transitional period, Chinese characters can be inserted in brackets after proverbs. " However, there are no further details in this special law, so many legal experts think that this is just a declaration.
After the introduction of this proverb, it has no practical effect. South Korea still implements Chinese character education in primary schools. It was not until 1970 that park chung-hee issued a declaration to abolish Chinese characters that Chinese characters began to gradually withdraw from Korean. Due to the influence of public opinion, 1972 revoked the declaration on the abolition of Chinese characters, but the teaching of Chinese characters was still banned in primary schools, and the frequency of using Chinese characters in Korean publications gradually decreased. In fact, Chinese characters are euthanized.
But like Japanese, most words in Korean are Chinese characters. If there are many homophones without Chinese characters, it will often affect reading. Therefore, since the late 1990s, the call for the revival of Chinese characters has become louder and louder. Until 1998, then South Korean President Kim Dae-jung issued a declaration on the revival of Chinese characters. Can't say no, now the Korean government has ordered the gradual restoration of Chinese character education for primary school students. This led to the opposition of proverbs. In short, half a century has passed, and this debate has never stopped.
Japanese street signs
In fact, this problem happened in Japan in the early years. While accepting western culture, Japan also believes that Chinese characters are the characters that hinder the development of culture and should be abolished. However, the measures taken by Japan are not as drastic as those taken by South Korea. The first is to reduce the number of Chinese characters. This is the List of Using Chinese Characters published by 1946. When the list of Chinese characters is limited to 1850 Chinese characters, it is stipulated that the scope of using Chinese characters shall not exceed the list. However, in the process of use, people find that Japanese notation cannot be separated from Chinese characters. 198 1 year, Japan re-issued the list of commonly used Chinese characters (1945 characters), which marked the failure of the use of Chinese characters.
Therefore, today's Japanese, faced with the endless debate on the abolition/revival of Chinese characters in South Korea, can certainly laugh: ナィーブ!
Let's take a look at how Japanese netizens spit:
それは, でとカタカナをしてひらがなだだ, Japan.
If this is placed in Japan, it is forbidden to use Chinese characters and katakana, only hiragana is used.
そりゃあ、バカになるわな。
Doesn't that make you an idiot?
"ははははとわらった" (mother はハハと smiles)
When mother laughs, it will be written as "ははははははははははとわ".
ハングルでは is the same!
The proverb "fire prevention" is exactly the same! (Is the writing really unambiguous? )
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