Once the effort comes, there will be fewer stars around.
The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs.
The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean.
Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history.
Brief introduction of the author
Guo Yang is a famous patriotic seven-character poem by Wen Tianxiang, Prime Minister of Southern Song Dynasty. Wen Tianxiang (1236— 1283) was a minister, writer and famous national hero in the Southern Song Dynasty. The word "goodness" is also called "Song Rui", whose real names are Wenshan and Jizhou Luling (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi). At the age of 20, he won the first place in the Jinshi examination. He was a prime minister and a Tang Dynasty envoy. 1276, the Yuan Army approached Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. He was sent to Yuan Barracks for negotiation and was detained. After escaping from Zhenjiang, he was rescued by the people and went to Fujian by sea to fight against the Yuan Army with Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu. He once recovered some lost land, was defeated by the Yuan Army, retreated to Guangdong, and moved to Haifeng and Chaoyang. Zhao Min, the late Song Emperor, was captured by the Yuan Army in December of the first year of Xiangxing (1278). Later, he was escorted to Dadu (now Beijing) and imprisoned for three years. Under repeated threats and inducements, he suffered all kinds of torture and never gave in. From the 9th day of December in the 19th year of Yuan Dynasty (1283 65438+10.9), he died calmly in Chaicheng, showing his firm national integrity. Wen Tianxiang's later works closely reflect the reality, artistically reflect the author's struggle life and patriotic thoughts, and show the scene of the military and civilians fighting against the Yuan Army in the Southern Song Dynasty, which is gloomy, tragic and touching. The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan has been preserved to this day. The Zero Crossing and Ding Yang, Song Zhengqi and other famous books are praised by the world.
Poetic background
/kloc-in the first month of 0/279, the Yuan Army went out of the Pearl River Estuary to attack the last stronghold of the Southern Song Dynasty (in Nanhai, Xinhui, Guangdong), and Wen Tianxiang went out with him. The boat crossed the Zero Ding Ocean, which is located in the Pearl River Estuary in the south of Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, and there is a Zero Ding Mountain in the nearby waters. The sea at the foot of the mountain is called dingyang. Marshal Zhang Hongfan of the Yuan Army forced Wen Tianxiang to surrender and stick to Zhang Shijie, the commander-in-chief in Shaanxi. Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem to express his willingness to swear allegiance, which was sternly rejected by Wen Tianxiang. Wen Tianxiang's Notes on the Cloud from the Songs of Chu;
"On the third day, Marshal Zhang ordered Li Duzhou, so please make a book for Zhang Shaobao to worship. So he said to him,' I can't save my parents, but how about teaching people to carry their parents?' This poem was left behind. Li Can can't be forced to take a poem to get the point, but it can't be forced to call it a' good man and good poem'. "
Poetry annotation
"Hard" sentence: trace back to my early life experience and all kinds of hard work since I became an official. Encounter, encounter the court selection; It used to refer to an official who passed the imperial examination because he was proficient in a certain classic. In the Song Dynasty, the imperial examination system was used to test the meaning of classics, and one of the five classics (Yi, History, Shu, Li, Spring and Autumn) was chosen. Wen Tianxiang was the first scholar in the fourth year of Baoyou in Song Lizong (1256), and later became the prime minister. Sparse: Sparse means deserted and sparse. Here, song and yuan war is drawing to a close. The Southern Song Dynasty died in this year (1279), and at this time it was unable to resist. Surrounding stars: Zhou Xing is the annual star, which circulates in the sky for twelve years, so Zhou Xing refers to twelve years. Surrounding the stars, that is, in 48 years, Wen Tianxiang was 44 years old when he wrote this poem, and the surrounding stars here are integers. In the old notes, "the surrounding stars" were mostly used as the four years since Wen Tianxiang 1275 applied for the diligent king. In fact, the first two sentences of this poem should be understood together, which is a review of the poet's life experience.
The sentence "Mountain and River Map" means that the national situation and personal destiny are irreversible. Fear Beach: In today's wanan county, Jiangxi, the current is fast, which is one of the eighteen beaches in Ganjiang River and the most dangerous one. In the second year of Zong Jingyan, Song Rui (1277), Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Jiangxi and retreated to Fujian through the beach.
"Zero Ding" sentence: lamenting the current situation and one's courage and isolation. After the poet was captured, he was imprisoned in a warship in Lingdingyang. History: history. Before paper was invented, bamboo slips were used to take notes. When making bamboo slips, bamboo sweat (moisture) must be removed by fire, so it is called a history book.
The poet recalled a sentence or two of his life, but limited by space, in his writing, he cited two things: becoming an official and losing the battle. The four sentences in the middle are closely related to "war and death", which clearly expresses the author's understanding of the current situation: the country is in turmoil, the tragedy of national subjugation is inevitable, and personal fate is even more out of the question. However, in the face of this great change, the poet thought not of his personal way out and future, but of his deep regret that he failed to win a military victory and turn the situation around two years ago. At the same time, I feel particularly sad for my isolation. Judging from the conception of the whole poem, the first six sentences exaggerate the dangerous atmosphere of grief and anger to the extreme, while the last two sentences turn from grief and anger to excitement and from depression to loudness. "Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving Dan's heart to shine." Throughout the ages, people are bound to die, dying to save the motherland and dying for righteousness. A heart of Dan hangs in history and lasts forever. These two impassioned poems show the poet's determination to sacrifice his life for righteousness and fully reflect his national integrity. The whole poem also became a masterpiece because of the ending of these two sentences, and it will never be sung again.
Respondents: High-level laity-University 17.
Prelude to water melody
Song sushi
When did the moon begin to appear? I take my glass from a distance. I don't know the palace in the sky, and I don't know the month and time. I want to go home by wind, but I'm afraid of Qionglou Yuyu. I can't stand the cold at the top of the mountain. I dance to find out what my shadow looks like on the earth.
Turn to Zhuge, arrive at the wild lake, and take pictures without sleep. There should be no hate, everything is biased towards other times. People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon will darken or shine, and it will become round or round. Nothing is perfect, even in the past. I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.
Enjoy 1
This famous Mid-Autumn Festival poem was written in the ninth year of Xining, Song Shenzong (1076), that is, the Mid-Autumn Festival of Chen Bingnian. It is for the author to express his feelings when he is drunk and misses his brother Su Zhe.
The whole poem uses imagery description and romantic imagination to describe, express feelings and discuss closely around the Mid-Autumn Moon, and thinks from the related categories of heaven and earth, moon people, time and space, and sublimates the feelings for my brother to the philosophical height of exploring optimism and misfortune in life, expressing the author's optimistic and broad-minded attitude towards life and his good wishes and infinite love for life.
The last film shows the poet's ideological activities from birth to love of life, with the emphasis on writing in the sky. The first sentence "When will there be a bright moon" borrowed from Li Bai's "When will there be a moon in the sky?" I'm going to stop for a drink and ask "Poetry". By asking questions to the sky, I'm going to lead readers' thoughts to the immortal world in the vast space. The following sentence, "I don't know what year the palace in heaven is", is full of twists and turns. It shows the author's confused mentality of choosing between "being born" and "joining the WTO", namely "retreating" and "advancing", "being an official" and "hiding". The poet's drinking of asking for the moon above is an inquiry and exploration of the bright moon, which is extraordinary and abrupt.
The words "I want to go home by the wind, but I'm afraid of the high cold" express the poet's yearning and doubts about the Moon Palace Wonderland, and reflect the double ambivalence of the author's birth and entry into the WTO. "What's it like to dance out of the world?" The writer's thought of entering the world overcame the thought of being born, which showed the poet's feelings of clinging to life and loving the world.
The following films melt realism into freehand brushwork, turn scenery into emotion, show the poet's interpretation of the joys and sorrows of the world, and focus on writing about the world. These three sentences, "Turn to Zhuge, keep a low household, and shine without sleep", actually describe the scene where the moon shines on the world, which leads people from the moon, suggesting that the author's mind is broad. "There should be no hate. Why does it take so long to get round?" In two words, follow the example of Sleepless Night, dripping with frustration. On the surface, they are annoyed that the moon shines on people, which increases people's disappointment that the moon is not round. In essence, with people's worries in mind, the author expresses his nostalgia for his loved ones by looking at the moon. "People have joys and sorrows, and the moon is full of ups and downs. This is an old and difficult thing." The poet's exposition of the joys and sorrows of the world shows that the author, influenced by Zhuangzi and Buddhism, has formed a free and easy mind, forgetting gains and losses, being detached from things, treating human suffering and injustice as social phenomena, and treating the moon's ups and downs as these natural phenomena. At the end, "I wish people a long life and beautiful scenery" is actually a higher ideological realm, sending deep condolences and blessings to all relatives left in the world (including their brothers), adding positive and energetic significance to the whole word. The next paragraph, with a wide range of strokes and vigorous brushwork, highly summarizes the cold world and the complicated changes in the world, expresses the author's longing for a better and happier life, and is full of philosophy and emotion.
This word is the representative work of Su Shi's philosophical words. The word fully embodies the author's comprehensive understanding and knowledge of the eternal universe and the complex and changeable human society, and is a small summary of the world outlook by the author's observation of the moon and people. The author looks forward to the changes from ancient times to modern times, feels deeply about the circulation of the universe and hates the ups and downs of officialdom. In the artistic atmosphere of bright moon and loneliness, he permeated with a strong philosophical meaning, revealed a wise concept of life, and achieved a high degree of harmony between man and the universe, nature and society.
Appreciate II
This article was written by Su Shi during the Mid-Autumn Festival in the ninth year of Xining (1076), when he was drinking and enjoying the moon at Chao Ran Station in Mizhou. Su Shi, Zi Zhan, Dongpo layman, is a rare all-rounder in the Song Dynasty and even in the history of China. He has made great achievements in poetry, poetry, writing, calligraphy and painting. Poetry and prose are characterized by a wide range of themes, profound thoughts, lofty realm and vigorous brushwork, which have had a far-reaching impact on that time and later generations.
From Xining four years (107 1) to writing this article, I have served abroad for five years, and I haven't seen my brother Su Zhe for five years. Su Shi was originally a judge in Hangzhou, and because Su Zhe worked as a secretary in Jinan, he specially requested to work in Mizhou in the north. But Jinan and Mizhou are not far apart, but they haven't seen each other for five years because they are tired of official business. This article shows this brotherhood. While expressing deep brotherhood, the poet can't help but think that both brothers are local officials because they are at odds with the reformists and have been given a cold shoulder. They can't help thinking that their career is sinister. So "getting drunk" and showing the ambivalence between being born and entering the WTO, retiring and being an official is the main purpose of this article.
Seek a small preface, and the word is one, indicating the writing time of the word, "Mid-Autumn Festival in Chen Bing", that is, nine years of Xining in Song Shenzong (1076); Background, "Happy Drink"; The theme is to express one's feelings of "having a child at the same time" after being drunk, with the former as the main and the latter as the auxiliary. Specifically: express the poet's lonely feelings during his release.
This Mid-Autumn Festival word. In the first movie, the whimsy in the sky was born because of the moon; The next movie is a touching event due to the moon. Handy, without carving, but powerful, beyond all dust. Hu is called Mid-Autumn Festival Ci. Since then, as soon as this word came out, the rest of the words have been abolished, which shows the outline of the unique style at that time. Judging from the sentence, the surprise came, and it rose abnormally. The original intention came from Taibai's "When will the bright moon come to the sky, I will stop and ask". "I don't know" is a kind of courtesy, which makes people more suspicious. I don't know when the bright moon will come, so I don't know what year the sky is tonight. The three sentences "I want" that Guy couldn't understand because of asking were the desire to go home by the wind, and "I want" echoed "fear" from a distance. "Qiong Yu, the height is too cold" means solid and wonderful, and it also means very gratifying. The word "dancing" came out and fell into the present situation. It is said that you can't go home by the wind, but you can only wander under the moon. I feel free to surrender to this point, and I really feel threatened. Change the avatar, and it actually says that no one sleeps in the moonlight. It's a wonderful truth that it goes deeper and deeper below. The sentence "should not" actually means that the full moon is not round, which is quite annoying to the moon. "People have" three sentences turn, saying that people and the moon are impermanent, which has existed since ancient times and is also a decomposition of the moon. The sentence "I hope" goes further. It is said that since ancient times, people have been inseparable from the moon, and only their own bodies can protect their daughters, and they can borrow the heart of the moon and never forget it. Although the original intention was transformed from the phrase "the moon is a thousand miles away" in Xie Zhuang Yuefu, Su Shi added the word "Zhu" to make his feelings deeper and more meaningful.
His words recite the moon and care about people.
In the last movie, I used the moon as a metaphor, dancing and shadows, cynicism and independence, loneliness. Not only easy to think, but also down-to-earth, elegant and ambitious. The first four sentences, asking the year every month, are like Qu Yuan's Tian Wen, which is wonderful. The words "I don't know" are full of twists and turns, ups and downs, and vivid, so as to reveal the choice between "leaving the official position" and "joining the WTO", that is, retiring and entering the official position, and the confusion caused by it. I want to be detached from the world and go home by the wind, but I hesitate. The tall buildings are too cold to be crossed, and the reality is enough. "Dancing immediately" under the moon is better than fairyland. This shows that the poet is not completely detached from nature, but seeks the meaning of "pleasure in suffering" in nature, that is, Su Shi is still based on reality and is keen on secularism, and feels that human life is more cordial and warm with the love of brothers and relatives.
The next film, with the moon to set off feelings, is intended to cherish people, brushwork turns realism into freehand brushwork, and scenery into feelings. Use words such as "turn", "low" and "shine" to describe that with the circulation of moonlight, things of light and shadow move, time advances, and there is no sleep. That is, the moonlight bypasses Zhu Ge and shoots into the house from under the portal, shining on people who can't sleep at night. It clearly writes about the moon and secretly writes about people, which is quite disgusting. "Should we" two sentences, pen dripping wet, cadence, seemingly enjoying the moon, seeking the moon, is pregnant. I forgive myself for using the usual routine of "people have joys and sorrows, and the moon is full of rain and shine." This interpretation of natural physics, emotions, and open-minded artistic conception is intriguing. The last two sentences skillfully use the meaning of "there is a bright moon in a thousand miles" in Xie Zhuang's Yuefu, bringing forth the new and pushing the full moon to a higher level. Life is not without regrets, and joys and sorrows are one of them. Su Shi believes that people have joys and sorrows, just like the moon is full of ups and downs, which are natural and common sense, and there is no need to be sad. Finally, I sent my feelings with reason, and began to comfort each other from sending the moon together. The regret of leaving this life is compensated by friendly feelings. Life does not seek long-term reunion, but two hearts are in harmony, and the bright moon is a beautiful realm. The first part of this word is dedicated to life, and the second part is good at life, which shows Su Shi's love for life and broad-minded feelings. The realm of ci is noble, the reason is accessible, and the emotion is deep. It can be carved freely with a chic pen, so it has been sung for 900 years, which shows that it was sung in Song and Yuan Dynasties.
In my opinion, there are three reasons why the mink head (when there is a bright moon) can be passed down through the ages: because of its broad mind, rich imagination and wonderful artistic conception, the image expressed by this word is profound and profound, with high aesthetic value and artistic charm; My expression of "too old and incomplete" can arouse readers of all ages and types. The wishes for a better life in the poem have crossed the boundaries of Su Shi's brothers and "become the common hope of all those who love a happy life".
The tune of water (when is the bright moon) is a unique masterpiece of Su Shi. First of all, the conception, conception, strangeness and wonder show very realistic and concrete human nature with surreal vision and illusory fantasy world. Here, the poet expresses his own ideological contradictions and twists and turns, life experiences and feelings through his imagination of the Moon Palace Wonderland and in a mysterious exploration and thinking. This kind of performance is not only extraordinary, but also constitutes the romantic tone and super spacious and elegant style of this article.
Secondly, taking the moon as the main line and integrating emotion, scenery and reason is another prominent feature of this paper. At the beginning of the last movie, I began to think from the moon, and through constant questioning, I expressed my yearning for transcendence. The next movie is also set on the moon, with its ups and downs, which is more than giving people joys and sorrows. The whole article takes the moon as the scene, which is full of emotion and physiology, which embodies the poet's ideal of life and makes this article look lofty, meaningful and heavy.
Appreciation 3
Because the author disagreed with the authorities, he was pushed out to Michigan as a local official, and he was very depressed. At the same time, he hasn't seen his brother for seven years and misses him very much. All kinds of ideas are expressed through this word.
The last one is watching the moon, full of leisure, deep thoughts, down-to-earth, self-sufficient. The first four sentences are continuous, and asking for the moon asks the year, just like Qu Yuan's Tian Wen, which is wonderful. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai was called "fallen immortals", while Huang Tingjian called Su Shi and Li Bai "two fallen immortals". Su Shi imagined that his previous life was in the middle of the month, so he thought of "going home by the wind." But heaven and earth, fantasy and reality, birth and joining the WTO attracted him at the same time. In contrast, he is still based on reality, madly in love with the world, and feels that the human life with brothers and relatives is warm and cordial. Dancing under the moon, the life realm with clear light and shadow is better than walking on the moon and the palace in the sky is cold and empty. Although in the dust, the chest is super wide and super bright.
The next movie is pregnant. Life is not without regrets, and joys and sorrows are one of them. Su Shi is very brother. He and Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Xining have been separated from Yingzhou for four years (107 1) for six years. Su Shi was originally a judge in Hangzhou, and because Su Zhe worked as a secretary in Jinan, he asked to move north. I still haven't had a chance to meet in Michigan. "If we don't meet for a short distance, we are thousands of miles away, and life is inseparable, but our feelings are heavy" (Yingzhou was a child), but Su Shi believes that people have emotions, just like the ups and downs of the moon, both of which are natural and common sense, and there is no need to be sad. Finally, I sent my feelings with reason and comforted each other with * * * to enjoy the moon. The regret of leaving this life is compensated by friendly feelings. Life does not seek long-term reunion, but two hearts are in harmony, and the bright moon is a beautiful realm. The first part of this word is dedicated to life, and the second part is good at life, which shows Su Shi's love for life and broad-minded feelings.
This word combines the problems of the universe and life, runs through the thinking of officialdom and the memory of my brother, imagining magnificence but not forgetting real life. This is the author's masterpiece. The word is noble in realm, accessible in reasoning and profound in sentiment. It is written with natural and unrestrained pen, ingenious and free, so it has been circulated for 900 years. In the thirtieth time of the Water Margin, I wrote August 15th, "I can sing a song about Mid-Autumn Festival to the moon", and I sang "A Mid-Autumn Water Tune by a Dongpo bachelor." It can be seen that the song and yuan dynasties sang. In the Song Dynasty, Hu Zaidao said, "The Mid-Autumn Festival words came out of Dongpo's" Water Tune Song Tou ",and all the other words were abolished." ("Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua") has a very high evaluation.
Appreciation 4
Shuidiao (When is the Bright Moon) is Su Shi's masterpiece, which is admired and loved by later generations. This is a unique and famous poem handed down from generation to generation. 1706, Su Shi was demoted to Mizhou as an official. At the age of 4 1, he was politically frustrated. It was Mid-Autumn Festival, and he missed his brother very much. He was depressed and wrote this word. Its conception, conception, strangeness and wonder show very realistic and concrete humanity with surreal vision and illusory fantasy world. Here, the poet expresses his own ideological contradictions and twists and turns, life experiences and feelings through his imagination of the Moon Palace Wonderland and in a mysterious exploration and thinking. This kind of performance is not only extraordinary, but also constitutes the romantic tone and super spacious and elegant style of this article.
When will there be a bright moon at the beginning of the last movie? Ask heaven for wine. "These two sentences are from Li Bai's Drinking asking for the moon." When is there a month in the sky? "I'm going to stop for a drink today and ask." It is caused by chemicals. Raise a glass and ask if the sky and the moon are sky? This sentence fully reveals the author's frank temperament, but it also hides his inner regret and sadness about life. The next two sentences: "I don't know what year it is tonight" are the content of the question, which further promotes the praise and yearning for the bright moon. It has been many years since the birth of the bright moon. I don't know what day it is tonight at the Moon Palace. The poet imagined that it must be a good day, which is why the moon is so round and bright. He wanted to see it very much, so he went on to say, "I want to go home in the wind, but I'm afraid of beautiful buildings, and it's too cold up there." He wants to take the wind back to the Moon Palace, but he is afraid of the desolation there and can't stand the cold there. What a strange imagination, here he expressed the poet's ambivalence of "being born" and "joining the WTO". "Going home by the wind" shows the poet's dissatisfaction with the world. The word "going home" has the flavor of fairy self-metaphor, as if he had lived in the Moon Palace, but only temporarily stayed on earth. A "desire" and a "fear" reveal the poet's ideological contradiction. It is really a "strange pen". "Dancing in the clear shadow, why is it like being on earth?" Closely connected with the world, lyricists dance in the moonlight, and shadows dance with people. Although there are beautiful buildings in the sky, it is difficult to compare with the happiness on earth. Here, from dust to sacredness, I suddenly turned to like human life, with ups and downs and superb writing.
At first, the poet fantasized about fairyland and wanted to go to the Moon Palace to get rid of the world that once troubled him infinitely. But after all, the poet is realistic and loves life, so he personally erased this nihilistic painting scene.
The next movie is related to the parting world of the Mid-Autumn Festival full moon. "Turn to Zhuge, low-lying households, sleepless." Turning and pointing down the movement of the moon implies that the night is already deep. The moonlight turned to the scarlet pavilion, and through the carved doors and windows, I found the insomniacs in the room in a low voice. "Can't sleep" means that people like themselves feel sad because they can't reunite with their relatives, so they can't sleep. What a pity! A full moon person can't! So the poet complained about the moon and said, "There should be no hatred. Why should we make up? " You shouldn't have any resentment against the bright moon. Why are people round when they leave? This is blaming the bright moon for deliberately embarrassing people and adding chaos to them, but it also implicitly expresses sympathy for those who are unfortunately separated. The poet's thought is open-minded and he needs self-liberation, so he vented his homesickness in a questioning tone. Then, the poet turned his pen and said some comforting words to excuse the bright moon: "people have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs." This matter is ancient and difficult. " There are always joys and sorrows in the world, just like the moon in the sky is cloudy, sunny, round and lacking, which is difficult to be comprehensive and complete from ancient times to now. This sentence reveals the poet's free and easy character of understanding life, and it is also a helpless sigh for life. Here, from life to nature, all kinds of life have been refined and summarized, including countless painful and happy life experiences. At the end of the sentence, "May people grow nine miles." I only hope that people can always be healthy and safe, even if they are thousands of miles apart, they can enjoy the bright moon in the sky on the Mid-Autumn Festival night. Here is the memory of distant relatives, but also a blessing.
The whole poem is full of emotional indulgence, ups and downs, rigorous structure, clear context and blending of scenes. It closely revolves around the word "moon", ups and downs, a moment out of the dust, a moment into the WTO, concise and natural sentences, showing the poet's superb language ability and romantic and free and easy style.
The song "Water Turn Around" has always been highly praised by people. Hu Zai said in Tiaoxi Fishing and Conceiving Conghua: "The Mid-Autumn Festival words have been abandoned since Dongpo's Shuidiao Getou came out." It is not an exaggeration to say that this is the best word to write Mid-Autumn Festival. This word seems to be a dialogue with the bright moon, in which the meaning of life is discussed. It is both rational and interesting, and it is very intriguing. Its artistic conception is broad, its mind is optimistic and broad-minded, its yearning for the bright moon, its attachment to the world, its romantic color, unique style and flowing language can still give us a good enjoyment.
Responder: Crazy Bike-both Jinshi, born in Grade 7, 6-2.
Rare Heaviness —— Appreciation of Tongguan Hillside Sheep Nostalgia
Zhang's "Goat Nostalgia for Tongguan" skillfully combines Tongguan's topography with history to express his feelings in the landscape. Taking Tongguan as the witness of history, it exudes a heavy "prosperity, people suffering; Death, the people suffer. "
In the second year (AD 1329), due to the drought in Guanzhong, Zhang served as a relief worker in Shaanxi. Passing through Tongguan, I saw the scene of "the peaks are like gathering, and the waves are like anger". Tongguan is surrounded by mountains, and the word "ju" makes readers see the trend of Huashan rushing in front of them and the shape of the mountain standing tall; Outside Tongguan, the water of the Yellow River is surging, and the word "anger" echoes the endless sound of running water in readers' ears. Moved by this scene, the feeling of "Tongguan Road inside and outside the mountains and rivers" arises spontaneously. At this point, Tongguan has a glimpse of its majestic momentum. Such a dangerous place is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties, which also triggered the following feelings. "Looking to the West, the meaning is still unfinished", the writer is in Tongguan, looking at Chang 'an, the old capital of the old dynasty, and thousands of flavors come to mind. Looking back at that year, the mansion of Qin Dynasty, the unfinished land of Han Dynasty, was large in scale and criss-crossed with mountains and valleys, but now the palace that worships beauty is gone, and his mission this time can't help but make people feel deeply touched. "There are 10,000 palaces in Qin and Han Dynasties, which is really sad." The writer's "sadness" in the face of the prosperous ruins here is really sad. Sad for the rulers of Qin and Han dynasties, I'm afraid that "all the palaces have been dug up" is something they never thought of! It is also the sorrow of the people. In order to show the glory of an era, the state concentrated on shaping the buildings of Afangshan and Weiyang, and the suffering of the people was unspeakable; However, the glorious past was followed by the replacement of dynasties, and the people were miserable in the war. This situation makes the writer say, "Xing, the people suffer; Death, the people suffer "this sentence has been passed down through the ages.
The summary of history in Tongguan Nostalgia clearly refers to the real life of the Yuan Dynasty: Nostalgia is actually hurting the present, and heaviness is actually a responsibility. This complex feeling can only be understood by combining the writer's life experience. Zhang has been a scholar since childhood. He once presented books to Pingzhang Buhumu and was promoted. Later, he served as Yin of Tangyi County, and supervised the army. Because of his comments on current politics, he offended those in power and was removed from office, so he had to remain anonymous to avoid disaster. After being called up, the official went to the Ministry of rites. At the age of 50, he resigned and retired to Trang Van. During the drought in Guanzhong, he was re-appointed and rushed to Shaanxi to save the people. After years of ups and downs in his career, he lost all his fame and fortune and no longer cared about the ruler's judgment on himself. Trang Van's seclusion in Jinan not only made him appreciate and praise the natural scenery, but also made him observe the sufferings of people's livelihood. Respecting Mencius' people-oriented thought made him deeply realize the importance of people's livelihood; His outspoken character gave him the courage to face the reality and speak his true thoughts. The hardships of ordinary people's lives in Yuan Dynasty were expressed by writers in the form of nostalgia. This concern for the people made him "give all his help to the people in April, and every time he cried, he could not afford to get sick." This is the true nature and life of a conscientious scholar, and it was rare in the society at that time.
Zhang's special official experience determines that there is a homesickness in his Sanqu. "Li Mountain Nostalgia" wrote, "If you win, you will do something; If you lose, you will do the soil. " "Luoyang Galand" wrote that "the work is not long; The name is not long. " In "Nostalgia of North Mangshan Mountain", it is written that "even the monarch is not called; Even ministers should not be called. " In these songs, Zhang sees the number of winners and losers, the division of fame and fortune, and the moment of life and death equally, but only tells the story of wealth and impermanence and life like a dream through ancient events. Only "Tongguan Nostalgia" reveals an irrefutable truth of feudal society with a rare heavy and profound vision: "Xing, the people suffer; When you die, the people suffer. "
The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty practiced a policy of ethnic discrimination against Jinshi, and it was not until the second year of Yuan Renzong's extension (A.D. 13 15) that the imperial examination system was formally implemented. Moreover, this system is unfair, which largely caused the lower class scholars to lose confidence in the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty and lack a sense of social responsibility. Therefore, the nostalgic works of other writers in the same period are deeply branded with the times: either they are sentimental about the ancient dynasty and have made an idea. Or lament the great changes in ancient and modern times, revealing the fear of the uncertainty of the world and life; Or feel that the years have passed and express personal feelings of sinking. Only Tongguan's nostalgia is permeated with heavy vicissitudes and a sense of the times.
From three aspects: the content of the work, the nostalgic works of other writers and the nostalgic works of other writers at the same time, Tongguan is a rare and heavy work.
Gift from my brother (1)
Han Liuzhen
Pine trees on Pavilion Hill, (2)
A stroke in the valley. ③
When the wind blows,
How hard are the pine branches?
Frost is painful,
Always straight at the end of the year.
Don't you feel cold? ④
Pine and cypress have sex.
author
? -2 17, a word merchant, was born in Dongping (now Dongping County, Shandong Province). Liu's style was strong and he did not emphasize carving.
Cao Pi once praised his five-character poems as "wonderful", but his works are rarely circulated, with only fifteen poems left.
To annotate ...
(1) Liu Zhen has three poems, "Give to My Brother", all of which are used in Bixing. This is the second song, and the author uses the metaphor of pine and cypress to encourage.
His cousin is loyal and self-controlled and does not change his nature because of external oppression. 2 Pavilion: High appearance. (3) se se:
The wind. 4 suffering: suffering. Condensed cold: severe cold.
judge
This is a poem about objects. The poet closely described the characteristics of pine and cypress, such as cold tolerance and lush foliage.
He wrote about the noble spirit of pines and cypresses, and successfully expressed his praise and praise for the noble spirit by chanting pines and cypresses.
Pursuit. The whole poem is vigorous in style, solid in language and simple and vigorous in spirit. As the poem says, "When the wind blows, it becomes loose."
How strong is the branch? "The repetition of sentence patterns highlights the confrontation between Jin Feng and Jin Song, and the tone is tight, powerful and poetic.
The shock just illustrates the characteristics of this poem. The whole poem is clear and natural. Especially the ending.
The second sentence, asking questions with function words, leads to the whole theme, which can be said to be well-known.
Appreciation of Shu's Farewell to Du DuDu
Parting is a common theme in ancient poetry. The traffic was inconvenient in ancient times. Once separated, it is difficult to meet again, and even communication is not an easy task. Therefore, in these farewell poems or other poems left behind, it is inevitable that they will be stained with sadness and sadness. In Jiang Yan's Beppu, the so-called "those who forget themselves just leave" was indeed true in ancient times. However, we cannot generalize. Other poems written by the ancients also have bright and optimistic works. The famous poem "Farewell Du to Shu" by the poet in the early Tang Dynasty is such a good poem.
Wang Bo, Zi 'an, is from Longmen, Jiangzhou. 14 years old, he should be mentioned. He became the master of a dynasty's prose, Lang He, but he was soon demoted. So he lived in Shu, once served as a soldier and committed a capital crime. Fortunately, he was pardoned, but his office was lost. His father was dragged down by him and reduced to a toe order. He crossed the ocean to visit relatives, but unfortunately he drowned. Only 25 years old.
Farewell to the viceroy to Shu was written by him when he was in Chang 'an. "Shaofu" is a general term for county commandant in Tang Dynasty. This young official named Du will take office in Sichuan. Wang Bo gave this poem to him in Chang 'an.
"Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river." The first two sentences point out the place of farewell and the whereabouts of pedestrians respectively. "City Que" refers to the capital Chang 'an, and Que is the watchtower on both sides of the palace gate. "Sanqin" refers to the vicinity of Chang 'an. After Xiang Yu destroyed Qin, he divided the original territory of Qin into three kingdoms: Yong, Sai and Zhai, and made three generals of Qin king, which was called "Sanqin" in history. "Surrounding Sanqin District by this wall" means that the capital Chang 'an is surrounded by Sanqin. "Wujin" is where Du Shaofu is going. Sichuan Minjiang River has five ferries from guanxian to Qianwei, such as Baihuajin and Wan Li Tianjin, which are called "Wujin". Chang 'an is the place where the poet and Du Shaofu parted, and the castle and palace are magnificent and vivid. Du Shaofu leave here, nature is reluctant to go. What about Zhou Shu? Thousands of miles away, it's foggy, and at first glance, it's hard to avoid some melancholy. These two sentences set off the farewell feeling between the traveler and the sender by comparing the scenery near and far.
This friend, named Du, worked as a small official like a county commandant in Beijing, and came to office thousands of miles away. I'm afraid he is a very frustrated intellectual. Wang Bo himself is not proud of being an official. When they walked out of the capital, they looked at Wujin.